¶ … Printing on Human Individuals and Human Society The nature of writing and printing has been continuously evolving, mainly because of the expansion of new technologies over the last 800 years. The computer, the pen, the printing press, and the mobile phone are all technical advancements which have changed what is printed, and the channel through which the written word is shaped. For the most part with the arrival of digital technologies, specifically the CPU and the cellular phone, characters can be fashioned by the press of a button, instead of making the physical gesture with the hand. Written communication can likewise be transported with minimal time delay (e-mail, SMS), and in some cases, promptly (instant messaging). With that said, this paper will examine the impact writing and printing has had on the society.

The World and the Media

According to Heyer (Heyer, 2011, p. 201) writing and printing changed individuals' experiences of the world by bringing in new technology through media. For example, print technology brought about a communications revolution that went all the way deep inside deep into human methods of thought and social communication. Heyer points out that print, along with writing, spoken language, and electronic media, is thought of as one of the markers of important historical shifts in communication that have joined social and intellectual change. It is clear that oral culture is passed down from one age group to the next by means of the full sensory and passionate atmosphere of interaction that is interpersonal. Writing facilitates understanding and reflection since memorization is no longer neded for the communication and the putting together of ideas. History that is recorded is able to continue on and then be added to through the centuries. Written manuscripts sparked a variation on the oral tradition of communal story-telling -- it became common for one person to read out loud to the group.

Printing and writing changed individual lives and experience of the world, the moment it was implemented. For instance, the scientific revolution that would later challenge the rooted "truths" adopted by the Church was also mainly a significance of print technology. The scientific enigma of repeatability -- the impartial verification of experimental outcomes-- developed out of the quick and wide-ranging distribution of scientific understandings and findings that print permitted. The creation of systematic knowledge enhanced noticeably. The easy exchange of ideas gave rise to a systematic community that worked without geographical restraints. This made it likely to arrange procedures and to add complexity to the growth of rational thought (Heyer, 2011, p. 87). As willingly accessible books assisted with expanding the collective body of indexes, knowledge, and cross-referencing came about as techniques of managing volumes of material and of making creative suggestions between apparently unconnected ideas.

Print, instead, encouraged the search of personal seclusion. Less expensive and more transportable books lent themselves to silent and solitary reading. Having this orientation to privacy was part of a stress on personal rights and liberties that print helped to improve. Print was able to inject all of the Western culture with the ideologies of verifiability, standardization, and communication that comes from one source and is dispersed to many geologically circulated receivers. As showed by dramatic reform in religious thought and inquiry that is scientific, print innovations are what helped bring about quick challenges to established control. Print enabled an emphasis on verifiable, fixed truth, and on the human skill and right to select one's own religious and intellectual path.

It changed the way people thought because communication goes after the development of civilization, which consecutively, moves in response to changing cultural skills. Writing and printing changed their mindset because it helped them to understand the transfer of difficult information, concepts and ideas from one person to another, or to a group, experienced great evolution since primitive era. Now, it has been over 35,000 years later ever since the first recorded evidence of written communication and it is still dramatically changing. These days possibly faster than ever before because of amazing developments in technology in current years. Technical innovations alter the way we observe the universe and manner wherein we communicate with each other.

Especially, print media as a traditional media of development communication is the closest to individuals who need messages of development such as the workers and farmers. Such types of media are participating and operational. To the extent that the print media is concerned, after Liberation...

Individuals were able to write on various government development programs and how the individuals are able to make some kind of use of them. This means that they cover about farming and connected subjects and information about market rates, weather, obtainability of improved seeds and implements.
The scientific and technological developments have brought about steady fast progress in the media world. In regards to writing and print, new media are coming up whereas the old ones are being enhanced upon and in this procedure their availability has raised manifolds. They are now conquering even the distant and remote regions of the world. This many-sided development has brought in a lot more diversity than could be thought of. There has been mounting array among the media and this procedure is still ongoing. Thus people of all ethnicity are facing plenty of choices. Print medium was the first to be used as mass media for collaborating the information. As of today writing and print media is one of the influential media among the rural people.

Society, Politics and Religion

According to Crowley and Heyer (2011) writing and printing affect the society through communication. Communication before the printing press just remained local, and those that were typical people depended on word of mouth in order to transfer vital information. Few individuals toured outside small towns and information delivery that depend on outside visitors arriving with news. When it comes to modern society Researchers link the invention of the printing press to the Reformation, the Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution. The circulation of printed materials produced on the new press put common people in contact with ideas and information in a way that was unprecedented.

When it comes to religion, the writing and printing press changed everything. The reason for this was because copies of books could now be printed in the hundreds or thousands. They could also be translated in over 1,000 different languages all over the world. This was a good thing because it managed to make them affordable. Through all of this, the Churches saw this as an opportunity to step up and increase the availability of books, particularly the Bible and other works of religion. They were able to expand education outside the limits bounds of the nunneries into schools more available to the general public. The association of religion, writing, and printing guided to raise religious knowledge and understanding among church-goers. The Early Protestant churches were the ones that looked at as a boon. To make Scripture even more available, they interpreted it out of Latin into languages that were vernacular. Martin Luther was the one that composed a German translation in the 1500s, whereas John Wycliffe had put together an English paraphrase in the 1300. So, it is clear that the printing press gave the general public physical admission to the Bible, improvements in writing gave individuals access to its contents.

When it came to politics the printing and writing had a lot of different Political impacts. First of all, it assisted with spreading ideas, and the idea of having a kingdom as a government spread significantly. At one point and time, this used to be an extremely typical type of government, especially in European nations. Monarchies are the ones that assisted in becoming a basis of the government that is being used in the United States and in other nations today. Likewise, after the printing press was made, many individuals started to form their own ideas in regards to religion. This ultimately led to the end of Christian agreement in Europe. Consecutively, wars were caused on account of spread ideas and thoughts that were controversial which had large affects in diverse governments.

Public relations and propaganda

Print relates to the practices of public relations and propaganda in many ways. Ones of these ways is through manipulation. However, according to Bernays, (2004, p. 47) says that they are not always operational but pieces on manipulation. Bernay goes on to explain that public relations and propoganda, in regards to print is very systemetic and objective (Bernays, 2004, p. 11). He believed that psychology played a huge part in the writng and printing. Berney believed that motivated propoganda and public relations was motivated by impulses and emotions which werenot able to be explained on the basis of what people are aware of individual psychology.He goes on to explain his point by menetioning that the systematic study of mass psychology that was being revealed to students wasthe potentialities of invisible government of society…