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¶ … Anthropogenic Technologies Such as Fracking on the Environment
The people living in the Midwestern United States and most especially Oklahoma have become increasingly alarmed by the number of earthquakes they have experienced in recent months due to the efforts of the oil and gas industry to extract every last ounce of petroleum from the ground using hydraulic fracturing ("fracking") technologies.. On the one hand, these efforts can be viewed as laudable since they optimize the amount of natural energy available, but on the other hand, these extractions methods have caused unprecedented earthquake activity in regions that have not experienced any earthquakes for more than a century. What is particularly problematic about these events is the fact that regulatory agencies have failed to implement effective policies that could potentially prevent these manmade disasters. For instance, according to a recent report by Cook (2015), "Although injection induced earthquakes have become commonplace across broad swaths of the central and eastern United States over the last few years, building codes -- and the national seismic hazard map used to update them -- don't currently take this increased hazard into account" (1). To determine the facts in this situation, this paper reviews the relevant literature concerning the...
Fracking requires that a mixture of various chemicals, water and sand to be injected into oil and gas wells that have been depleted to recover natural gas and oil from shale deposits (Beckrich 10). This mixture of chemicals, water and sand is termed "fracking fluid" which is injected at high pressure underground to fracture the shale contained trapped natural gas and oil deposits (Beckrich 11).
While this practice may seem innocuous at first blush, the harsh reality of fracking is that these methods have caused unprecedented seismic activities in parts of the country that have been immune in the past. While it is understandable that policymakers in the U.S. must maximize the energy reserves available, what has become questionable is just how many adverse effects must be tolerated in the process. For instance, Booher (2015) emphasizes that, "There is growing concern that earthquakes caused by hydraulic fracturing ('fracking') could damage nearby dams, locks, and levees, threatening human lives, the environment, and the integrity of the nation's waterways" (235). This means that there is far…
Works Cited
Beckrich, Amanda. (2012, September). "Fracking for Natural Gas." The Science Teacher 79(6): 10-13. Print.
Booher, Jacob. (2015, Winter). "Fracking-Caused Earthquakes: How Alleged Threats Could Trigger the Corps of Engineers' Section 10 Jurisdiction." Environmental Law 45(1): 235-240. Print.
Cook, Terri. (2015, April 22). "Fracking's hidden hazards." NOVA Next. Web.
Rousu, Matthew C. and Dave Ramsaran. (2015, May). "Guidelines for Conducting Economic Impact Studies on Fracking." International Advances in Economic Research 21(2): 213-215. Print.
Hydraulic Fracturing Fracking Fracking or hydraulic fracturing can be described as a process of drilling deep the earth after which a high pressure water mixture can be directed within the rocks for the gas trapped beneath the sand to be released. The rock is injected with sand, chemical and water at high pressure that will make the gas underneath to flow out on top of the well. As much as fracking has its
The growing opposition to the shale gas industry has conflicted with the need for domestic independence on energy and a reasonable debate is understandably created. Like a Pandora's box, a great and helpful technology has been afforded to the people of this country in the form of hydraulic fracturing, however this technology must be tempered in order for the true and real benefits to be realized. Debate and opposition on
Hydraulic Fracturing ("Fracking") The Legal and Environment Aspects Page 3 Introduction / What is Fracking? / Executive order Page 4 Department of Energy Advisors Page 7 Law Student Article -- Let States Regulate Page 8 European Union on Fracking Page 8 Legal Action in Wyoming / California Controversy Page 9 Writer's Opinion on Fracking Legal Issues in Fracturing Hydraulic Fracturing -- also commonly referred to as "fracking" -- is a technique for extracting natural gas and oil from the
For G&G personnel, it will provide an ability to recognize very early in the evaluation process the potential for fracturing to improve potential target formations, as well as learning what types of formations make the best targets for fracture stimulation. Hydraulic Fracturing -- Design and Treatment Michael B. Smith • 9 -- 10 February This 2-day post-conference course provides a sound engineering approach to fracture treatment design. It covers the fundamental principles
Fracking in Colorado Hydraulic fracturing ("fracking") is not a new approach to locating and exploiting gas and oil in the United States. It has been used as a strategy since 1949, according to Earthworks, an environmental group. Fracking is a strategy oil and gas companies use to retrieve quantities of oil and gas that are trapped in shales, coalbed formations and other underground areas that have previously been drilled. The environmental
Legal Issues in Hydraulic Fracturing Energy is major driving factor in all daily activities, from home use to industries. There are various sources of energy, the major one being natural gas and petroleum. Throughout the years, methods of harvesting these forms of energy have been met by many challenges. However, with the advancing steps made in technology as a field, new ways of harvesting the petroleum and gas energy have been