¶ … Employee Drug Testing
Is it Ethical or an Invasion of Privacy?
Last Christmas, I took a part-time job as a cashier in a retail store. On the same day that I was hired, the manager informed me that I would have to submit to a drug test. Since I'm drug free, I had no problem with this. I asked him where I needed to go to complete the test and he proudly informed me that all of the drug screens were done right there on site. I was a little surprised by this, afterall it was a store -- not a lab -- but I didn't really let it throw me that much. The manager then reached into his desk and handed me a large plastic cup that was sealed in a plastic bag. I was starting to get a little uncomfortable at this point.
Here you go." He said, as he handed the bag to me. "Just take this into the ladies room and fill it up to the line in the center. Maggie will accompany you."
Okay. Now here's where it begins to get really creepy. The woman named Maggie not only followed me to the ladies room, but she followed me in and there were not stalls. I informed her that I would have a hard time providing a urine sample with her watching me. She gave me a weak smile and then told me what she must have told all the others before me, "Honey, you ain't got nothin' I ain't seen before."
Not really finding much comfort in her words, I decided to give it a try. After five minutes of standing over the cup, I informed her that I couldn't do it with her in the room.
None of the others had a problem with it. Besides, we've gotta make sure that the urine sample is really yours before we test it."
After fifteen more minutes, I was able to fill the cup to the requisite line and hand it off to Maggie. I washed my hands and walked out of the store. The same day Maggie called me...
I never went back.
This scenario is probably not very common, but pre-employment and random drug testing at work is becoming the norm for the workforce of the 21st century.."..in the old days, it was rare for someone to come to worked stoned on drugs or for managers to have to worry about coke heads in the office." (Castro et al., 1986) Not anymore. Illegal drugs have become so pervasive in the U.S. workplace that drug tests have become routine in almost every industry.
So is drug testing an ethically defensible practice in the workplace? Should employers be able to test applicants prior to offering employment and then randomly there after for the duration of ones employment with the company?
Most feel that the answer to these questions is a resounding yes. If drug-testing programs are managed properly and allow employees to be treated with dignity and respect they probably do make perfect sense.
Every drug-testing program in the workplace should have clear guidelines and policies that are established and followed. To their credit, many companies that utilize random drug testing actually seek first to rehabilitate workers through an EAP (Employee Assistance Program) or some other type of drug treatment curriculum prior to starting the steps of progressive discipline. "To help put impaired workers on the road to rehabilitation, about 30% of Fortune 500 companies...have established in-house employee assistance programs." (Castro et al.)
In the last ten years, since drug testing has become more common place -- drug use on the job has actually decreased. The number of people that are testing positive for drug use at work dropped noticeably. SmithKline, one of the largest labs that conducts drug screenings reported that in 1994 out of 3.6 million…
