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However saying that'd knows P. But doesn't believe it to be true under all conditions and in all time periods would be a more appropriate and rational way of putting it. We must mention here the principle of Induction which states that: "Unobserved cases and merely possible cases are likely to resemble observed cases" (Bonjour: 57). However when a person refuses to accept this, he is refuting inductive claims. For example, a person might say that all observed cases of grass indicate that it was green in color but there is a chance it might not be so in unobserved cases. Such a person knows something but chooses not to believe it. In such cases, the person would be separately a from B. i.e. cause from result. For example if every time a person touches a hot object, he would feel pain. This means that he knows that touching something hot would result in pain but he' might refuse to believe that this would happen in all future cases. In this case B. is "an independently observable feature...that may or may not result from or be associated with a particular instance of a" (Bonjour 56).
David Hume and Eliot Sober tried to challenge the principle of uniformity of nature with inductive and counter-inductive arguments. They felt that such arguments...
Principle of uniformity of nature states that past experience is a good predictor of future state of affairs of the universe. However both Hume and Sober argued that such uniformity or predictability is not present in nature and thus this principle cannot be used to justify indicative reasoning. A good example of this would be our pattern of daytime and night. We all believe that day comprises of both daytime and night while we agree that the length of each would differ from region to region. Naturally when it is daytime, we know that night would follow soon within the next 24 hours. This is what we know since this is what we have been experiencing since our birth. However this is not the case at the North Pole where day and night each last six-long months. This is an interesting and very factual example of unpredictability and non-uniformity of nature.
References
Bonjour, Lance. Epistemology: Classic Problems and Contemporary Responses. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2002.
Hume, David. Enquiries concerning human understanding and concerning the principals of morals. 3rd ed. With text revised and notes by P.H. Nidditch. Clarendon Press. Oxford.
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This is the problem of induction in a nutshell, and it is something that has alternatively been seen as one of the most severe limitations on true knowledge about the world or as a non-issue in any practical terms. If inductive reasoning cannot be trusted, then all past experience and even experimental data is essentially meaningless in predicting the future and there is no logical reason to assume things should
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