Problem Solution Essays (Examples) Essays (Examples)

The text denotes that "the process of problem representation may seem automatic or trivial in some respects, but it is a critical component of successful problem solving. And the ways in which problems can be represented are as varied as problems themselves." (Robinson-Riegler & Robinson-Riegler, 449)

Indeed, there are considerable variables in how one may choose to interpret or be able to comprehend a particular problem. here, for instance, great complexity and a wide range of variables may be present, an individual may acknowledge or dismiss any number of details in representing the problem. This representation will, in turn, critically effect the nature of the problem solution, which will arise out of that which the individual can rationally perceive as appropriate, feasible and desirable where solving the problem is concerned.

orks Cited:

Robinson-Riegler, G. & Robinson-Riegler, B. (2008). Chapter 11. Cognitive Psychology: Applying the Science of the Mind,…

Works Cited:

Robinson-Riegler, G. & Robinson-Riegler, B. (2008). Chapter 11. Cognitive Psychology: Applying the Science of the Mind, Pearson Education, Inc.

Solution-Focused Therapy

The author of this paper is about to offer a brief literature review of what has come to be known as solution-focused therapy. Included in that literature review will be several specific topics or examples that are within the solution-focused therapy paradigm. These include the history of the theory, the use of language to help create a solution-focused therapeutic environment, the role of family history when it comes to solution-focused therapy, the shift from a problems focus to a solutions focus in a way that benefits the client, the development of a short vignette that is based on a family situation, global goals of the treatment method using the language of theory, interventions that should be used at each stage of treatment (those being beginning, middle and end) and a succinct summary of all of the above. There are certainly other methodologies that can be used when treating…

References

Carr, S.M., Smith, I.C., & Simm, R. (2014). Solution-focused brief therapy from the perspective of clients with long-term physical health conditions. Psychology,

Health & Medicine, 19(4), 384-391. doi:10.1080/13548506.2013.824594

Cotton, J. (2010). Question Utilization in Solution-Focused Brief Therapy: A Recursive

Frame Analysis of Insoo Kim Berg's Solution Talk. Qualitative Report, 15(1), 18-

Accounting and Finance Soving Probems Soutions

P4-5: Microsoft Statements of Cash Fow 1999-2001

The Microsoft Corporation uses the indirect method to prepare the statement of the cash fow. The cash fow by operating activities is prepared by reconciing from the net income to the net cash. As being reveaed in the Microsoft statement of cash fow, the net income, depreciation, amortization, account receivabes and others are used to arrive at the net cash. In the cash fow statements, the depreciation and amortization are added to the net income based on its accrua basis.

The Microsoft added the unearned revenue to the net income because the company has aready received money for the product and services not yet fufied. As a resut, the company has the ega obigation to suppy these good and services to the purchaser. In other words, the unearned revenue is an equivaent of the net revenue that…

l. The gross profits represent the overall revenue derived from the total sales minus the cost of sales. Amazon made more sales in 1999 than 1998 because the net sale was $1,639,839,000 in 1999 compared to 1998 net sales, which was $609,819,000. The gross profits in 1999 was $290,645,000 compared to 1998 gross profit, which was $133,664,000.

m. Examples, of accrued expenses and other current liabilities include wages payable, monies that the company owe suppliers and interests payable for bank loans.

n. Total purchase of Amazon's inventory for 1999 are $220,646,000.

Solution Identification

To identify a solution, one must understand the nature of the problems. In addition to what has already been identified, it is worth noting that failure to reach the original objectives is not just an execution problem, but a problem with the objectives themselves. A 20% increase in sales would in most mature businesses be considered phenomenal in nature. So the failure to reach an unrealistic goal is hardly a failure at all; it was inevitable. So a starting point is to set realistic objectives before worrying about why they were not reached.

That said, there is more that the company can do. Never turning over bosses is another solution. One of the identified issues is that there was a new boss who took months to figure out how to do their job. That's not exactly professional caliber. In that case, if there are no professional caliber employees…

References

Clark, D. (2010). Excellence. Big Dog and Little Dog's Performance Juxtaposition. Retrieved February 21, 2014 from  http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/perform/perform.html 

Rouda, R. & Kusy, M. (1995) Organizational development. Cal Tech. Retrieved February 21, 2014 from http://alumnus.caltech.edu/~rouda/T3_OD.html

Rouda, R. & Kusy, M. (1996). Managing change with large-scale, real-time interventions. Cal Tech . Retrieved February 21, 2014 from http://alumnus.caltech.edu/~rouda/T5_LSRTOD.html

Rummler, G. (2010). Continuous process improvement. Big Dog and Little Dog's Performance Juxtaposition. Retrieved February 21, 2014 from  http://nwlink.com/~donclark/perform/process.html

For example, Jones and Charlton note that it is possible to develop appropriate problem-solving techniques in the following four major areas:

1. Identifying the goal which is appropriate and achievable;

2. Identifying exceptions to the usual pattern of problems;

3. Measuring the student's progress towards achieving the goal; and,

4. Providing useful and positive feedback.

Finally, SFBT can be used either as a "stand-alone" counseling approach or in tandem with other techniques. For example, Linton (2005) emphasizes that SFBT ". . . can operate as a stand alone approach or in conjunction with traditional models of treatment. Solution-focused mental health counselors do not view SFBT and traditional models of treatment as incompatible. Collaborating with clients to create counseling goals, be they directed towards abstinence, self-help group attendance, changes in thinking errors, or some other goal of the client's choosing, selves to enhance motivation to change" (p. 298). Likewise, Jones and…

References

de Shazer, S. (1979, Summer). Brief therapy with families. American Journal of Family

Therapy, 7(2).

de Shazer, S. (1986). An indirect approach to brief therapy (Family Therapy Collections, Vol.

19, pp 48-55, Aspen Systems). Milwaukee, WI: Brief Family Therapy Center.

Thus, giving the patient a 'bird's eye view' of his/her life gives him/her a chance to reconsider past actions committed and change these to improve his/her relations with a partner or family member. As in family brief therapies, reconstructing a family's life according to each member's interpretation and reflection helps the therapist identify the family member who adopts a constructive or destructive view of the 'reconstructed family life.' Through SFT, the therapist is able to create a therapeutic process that would be time-efficient and beneficial to patients.

itter and Nicoll (2004) elucidated effectively the effectiveness of brief therapy treatment for couples and families (64):

brief therapists seek to establish in their clients a renewed faith in self as well as optimism and hope for their immediate and long-term futures. It is caring, however, that guarantees the client support and a safe return in a future session, now matter how the…

Bibliography

Bury, D. (2000). "Constructivist paradigms in other therapies." Journal of Constructivist Psychology, Vol. 13, Issue 4.

Bitter, J. And W. Nicoll. (2000). "Adlerian brief therapy with individuals: process and practice." Journal of Individual Psychology, Vol. 56, Issue 1.

____. (2004). "Relational strategies: two approaches to Adlerian brief therapy." Journal of Individual Psychology, Vol. 60, Issue 1.

Disque, J.G. And J. Bitter. (2004). "Emotion, experience, and early recollections: exploring restorative reorientation processes in Adlerian therapy." Journal of Individual Psychology, Vol. 60, Issue 2.

This encourages people to speak their minds, rather than to simply go with the procedural flow. Solution-oriented decision making can be very positive experience for people committed to their jobs, who wish to exhibit excellence and be treated as valued members of a team, and who want to get ahead by distinguishing themselves -- there is no room for people who merely want to punch a clock and work 9-5 at a solution-oriented organization.

A culture of creativity at a solution-oriented workplace creates a safe place for all employees to take risks and to float ideas that may potentially fail -- every successful idea requires brainstorming many failures. A solution-oriented workplace is also 'can do' in its attitude: there is no problem that is too difficult that it cannot be solved, provided enough people work at it for long enough, through mental effort, planning, and implementation.

orks Cited

Ramsey, Robert.…

Works Cited

Ramsey, Robert. (2005). Lead, follow, or get out of the way. Corwin Press.

solution to the problems affecting Leonard Cooper Charter School LAN

Network collision that slows down the network and interferes with print jobs

The problem of network collision is noted by ouse (2006) to be most common in half duplex Ethernet network. The collision observed at the Leonard Cooper Charter School LAN is most likely caused by the two or more devices (printers and competing workstations on the LAN most certainly) attempting to effectively transmit data at al most an exact same time (such as sending a print job).The Leonard Cooper Charter School LAN therefore detects the collisions of the two or more transmitted packets as then effectively discards them. It is important to note that collisions are perfectly normal occurrences on the Ethernet networks.

emedy

For the collisions to be avoided on the Leonard Cooper Charter School LAN, there is a need for the Ethernet to employ Carrier Sense Multiple…

References

Rouse, M (2006).Collision. Available online at  http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/collision

Solution focused coaching involves viewing people as unique, competent, and responsive to suggestions (Visser, 2012). This approach is a respectful change approach (Bodien, 2011) in that it acknowledges and works with the perspective of the client defined solutions that are unique to the client. The solution focused change approach is based on several assumptions (from Bodien, 2011):

Problem analysis and problem diagnosis are not needed to achieve positive change and to solve problems.

This assumption indicates that the focus in the solution focused change approach is on understanding what is desired by the client as opposed to defining and trying to ascertain what factors of the client's history contributed to their current situation or complaint. Thus, solution focused change approach is proactive and allows the client to get right to work as opposed to spending time ruminating on history, causes, etc.

Assumption 2. Vividly describing the desired future is the…

References

Bodien, G.L.S. (2011). The solution focused mindset at work. Retrieved from  http://progressiegerichtwerken.com/en/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/reader-solution-focused-mindset-at-work.pdf .

Visser, C.F. (2012). The solution-focused mindset: An empirical test of solution-focused assumptions. Retrieved from http://www.m-cc.nl/The%20Solution-

Focused%20Mindset%20-%20an%20empirical%20test%20of%20solution-focused%20assumptions.pdf.

Solutions to the Present Value Problems

The study uses the formula below to solve the problems.

Formula:

Original Equation: FV = PV * (1+ i) n

Manipulation: Divide both sides by (1 +i) n

Final Equation: PV = FV / (1+ i) n or PV = FV * (1+i) -n

Where

PV = Present Value

FV =Future Value

i= interest rates n = Number of years.

Using the formula presented above, the paper calculates the PV of the $10,000 bond with the 6% of annual coupon at the end of the five-year. Using the Excel Software 2007 for the calculation, the answers to the problems are as follows:

At 6% interest rates, the PV is as follows:

PV = $10,000 / (1 + 0.06)

PV= $7,472.58

Using the excel formula, the solution is as follows:

Excel Formula

=B1 / (1+B2)^

A

B

FV

10000

Interest Rates

0,06

Number of Years…

"

Defenses against it may be equally inconclusive, but in their fertility they at least promise a solution some day.

Bibliography

dams, Marilyn McCord. Horrendous Evils and the Goodness of God. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1999.

Belliotti, Raymond a. Roman Philosophy and the Good Life. Plymouth: Lexington Books, 2009.

DeRose, Keith. "Plantinga, Presumption, Possibility, and the Problem of Evil," Canadian Journal of Philosophy 21 (1991), 497-512.

Draper, Paul. "Probabilistic rguments from Evil," Religious Studies 28 (1992), 303-17.

Dueck, a.C. Between Jerusalem and thens: Ethical Perspectives on Culture, Religion, and Psychotherapy. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 1995.

Ferreira, M. Jamie. "Surrender and Paradox: Imagination in the Leap." In Kierkegaard Contra Contemporary Christendom, edited by Daniel W. Conway, 142-67. New York: Routledge, 2002.

Griffin, David Ray. God, Power, and Evil: Process Theodicy. Louisville: Westminster Press, 2004.

Hick, John. "The 'Vale of Soul-Making' Theodicy." In the Problem of Evil: Reader, edited by Mark…

A.C. Dueck, Between Jerusalem and Athens: Ethical Perspectives on Culture, Religion, and Psychotherapy (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 1995), 153.

M. Jamie Ferreira, "Surrender and Paradox: Imagination in the Leap," Kierkegaard Contra Contemporary Christendom, ed. Daniel W. Conway (New York: Routledge, 2002), 145.

Larrimore, xx.

Identification

Decision making and problem solving in companies are probably the most important processes in any business. These processes ensure that companies run smoothly and effectively. There are a variety of decision-making and problem-solving processes that ensure the effectiveness of business processes. Often, these are chosen on the basis of their effectiveness in the particular business setting involved. The automotive industry, for example, would not function on the same decision-making process as a childcare business. Particularly, problem identification relate to various problem-solving styles, including the morphological approach, the Kepner-Tregoe approach, inventive problem solving, constraints thinking, the collective-participative style, and the fairness approach. These will be related to five types of businesses, including an automotive business, a restaurant, an electronics business, a DVD store, and a preschool,

The first important step in problem solving is problem identification (Reference for Business, 2010). All five businesses investigated have a problem identification process in…

Sources

Jones, D, Padgett, M., Rose, C., and Weilacker, R. (2009, Aug. 3) Problem Formulation and Identification. Retrieved from:

 http://www.scribd.com/doc/20393304/Team-Sample 

Pashiardis, P. (1994). Problem and Dilemma Identification and Formulation as the Most Critical Element of the Decision-Making Process: Behavioral Biases and Characteristics. International Intervisitation Programme in Educational Administration. Retrieved from:  http://www.eric.ed.gov/PDFS/ED375465.pdf 

Reference for Business.. (2010). Problem-Solving Styles. Encyclopedia of Business, 2nd ed Retrieved from:  http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/encyclopedia/Per-Pro/Problem-Solving-Styles.html

Classic Airlines Marketing Solution:

In addition to being the fifth largest airline company across the globe, Classic Airlines has a fleet of over three hundred and fifty jets that operate in approximately 240 cities with over two thousand daily scheduled flights. Since its inception about twenty-five years ago, the airline company has grown into an organization that consists of 32,000 workers. In the year 2006, the company not only made sales worth $8.7 billion but also gained a profit $10 million as a result of the bumper sales. egardless of these sales, Classic Airlines is not an exception to the challenges that existing airlines have encountered since 2007. Actually, despite making these abundant sales in 2006, the airline experienced a 10% decrease in its share prices because of the growing uncertainty about flying. This growing uncertainty did not only affect Classic Airlines but also affected the general stock prices of…

References:

Chase, J. (2009, October 13). Developing Problem Solutions for Organizations. Retrieved November 10, 2010, from  http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/2213827/developing_problem_solutions_for_organizations.html?cat=35 

Le, T. (2007, January 30). Problem Solution: Classic Airlines. Retrieved November 10, 2010,

from http://letanthanh.com/link_MBA/link_570/wk%206_ProblemSolutionClassicAirlines.htm

"Problem Solution Paper for Classic Airlines (2)." (n.d.). DocShare.com. Retrieved November

" (fom Wold envionmental news, Intenet edition)

Besides developing flexible legislation that will distibute the functions of ecycling between manufactues and municipal sevices thee has to be a definite and developed pogam that would specialize on the optimal and the most exhaust utilization of electonic waste, eduction of e-waste landfills and incineation. Recycling pogam should not be limited to the ecycling of CRT monitos, as thei ownes ae moe likely to bing the whole obsolete compute system to the ecycling, not just compute monitos.

The benefit of integal pogam of ecycling is that it allows using a vaiety of mateials used in the electonics manufactuing like pecious metals, semi-pecious metals, and some electonic items in the euse.

The most impotant pat of the e-waste management is seach of the most appopiate and qualified patnes in the technical o pactical pat of the poblem solution. This poblem is of the essential…

reference: being reused repaired and modernized; being recycled and the most ecologically disadvantageous solution is simply being land filled. But the realization of these practices faces a lot of obstacles mainly of financial character. All of them are quite expensive and do not bring desired return.

That's why scientists and economists agree in the following: recycling of e-waste has to be the concern of electronics manufacturers. Loop industry is the most optimal solution to the problem as the manufacturer becomes responsible for the recycling of the products he makes. Introduction of such practices has the negative outcomes of course. Because technological process becomes more complicated and intensive, requires involvement of additional equipment and facilities on the hand with new labour the net value of the production increases and so the customers would have to pay more for electronics.

Another direction in the solution of e-waste problem is export of e-waste to the developing countries, where the process of recycling is cheaper and the possibility of e-waste to be reused, repaired and modernized is higher. Moreover some third world countries use unpopulated territories for e-waste. Anyways, this kind of solution is not appropriate again, because most of these practices somehow avoid law regulations of these countries and cannot have a mass character. It only creates additional problem which would have to be solved in close future.

As most of experts agree that recycling of e-waste has to be the problem of e-products manufacturers they have to develop different effective strategies and technologies for the most optimal solution of this problem: starting form transportation of e-waste from customer to the process of recycling. At this point global environmental community has to cooperate and share new practices and approaches in solving this problem. It refers both to technology and legislative regulation of the problem.

And in developing own strategy for e-waste management the officials of different countries have to work together and adopt practices of each other that are being effective. Countries of European Union had already made the first steps to the solution of this problem, making manufactures to be responsible for the waste caused by their products. The United Sates and Canada should start to introduce these practices as well, if they want to achieve ecological balance and safe coexistence of scientific and technological progress with health of humanity.

Counseling Therapy Theories

Solution focused brief therapy (SFBT)

The solution focused brief therapy (SFBT) is a type of therapy that is used much in counseling and a lot of time referred to as talking therapy that is based on the social constructionist philosophy. This therapy focuses on the aim or goal of the customer rather than the problem that drove him to seek help. It does not focus on the past events but primarily pays attention to the future.

The SFBT at times referred to as solution-focused or solution-building therapy was initiated and developed by Steve Shazer (1940-2005) in collaboration with Insoo Kim Berg (1934-2007) and their colleagues from the late 1970's in Wisconsin. This therapy is future focused, focuses on the goals and the solutions rather than on the problem (Institute for Solution-Focused Therapy, 2011).

Here, it is the duty of the counselor to invite the client to try…

References

Alan Car, (1998). Michael White's Narrative Theory, Contemporary Family Therapy. Human Sciences Press Inc.  http://resources.metapress.com/pdf-preview.axd?code=j42386l16060v3q0&size=largest 

Cynthia Good Mojab, (2006). Solution-Focused Brief Therapy. Retrieved September 6, 2011

from http://www.lifecirclecc.com/Solution.html

Freedman, J. & Combs, G. (1996). Shifting paradigms: From systems to stories. In Freedman, J. & Combs, G., Narrative therapy: The social construction of preferred realities, chapter 1. New York: Norton.

SBT

Solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) radically transforms the therapeutic process and relationship. As the name suggests, solution-focused brief therapy is about "being brief and focusing on solutions, rather than on problems," ("About Solution-Focused Brief Therapy," n.d.). Instead of drawn-out and costly sessions with therapists, the client receives highly focused therapeutic intervals that do not delve into the past other than what is absolutely necessary. Only three to five sessions are generally warranted for solution-focused brief therapy (Iveson, 2002). The underlying principle of being solution-focused is that therapy should be proactive. The Solution-Focused Brief Therapy Association (n.d.) claims, "so much time and energy, as well as many resources, are spent on talking about problems, rather than thinking about what might help us to get to solutions that would bring on realistic, reasonable relief as quickly as possible." In fact, during the intake interview, the client might not even be asked about…

References

"About Solution-Focused Brief Therapy," (n.d.). Solution-Focused Brief Therapy Association. Retrieved online: http://www.sfbta.org/about_sfbt.html

Iveson, C. (2002). Solution-focused brief therapy. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 8. 149-156.

British Builders

Briefly describe the problems facing the house building industry in Britain

The boom of the housing sector had come crashing with the depression of 2008-2009 when the whole globe tottered under economic instability. The problems stem from the market reactions and the general condition of the industry during the depression. The economy has not yet recovered and the problems that were created in the 2009 scenario continue even now. In 2009, many problems were identified and predicted for the house building sector both in the UK and for the Northern Ireland construction firms from 2010 because of the recession and subsequently many firms were forced ironically to 'enter into an individual voluntary arrangement with its bank and creditors to stay afloat'. (Lynagh, 2010)

There also is the phenomenon of downsizing and as the year rolled along the recession has made the industry financially in a tight spot. Beginning…

References

Ball, Michael. (2010) "The house building industry: Promoting recovery in housing

supply" School of Real Estate & Planning, University of Reading.

http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/housing/pdf/1526670.pdf

Bogdon, Amy S; Can, Ayse. (1997) "Indicators of Local Housing Affordability:

Figure 2: "Information System for Geography" (GIS)

2. The Map View: A GIS consists of a set of intelligent maps and other views depicting features and feature relationships on the earth's surface. Students can use GIS to support their queries, make analyses, and edit information. ith GIS, they can create maps of underlying geographic information and utilize the maps as "windows into the database," as noted by figures (3 & 4).

Figure 3 & 4: Intelligent Maps (GIS)

3. The Model View:

GIS is "a set of information transformation tools that derive new geographic datasets from existing datasets." (GIS) Students can use these geoprocessing functions to retrieve information from existing datasets. The GIS then applies analytic functions, and writes results into new derived datasets.

Figure 5: Example of a Derived Dataset (GIS)

hen students combine data and apply some analytic rules, they can create a model that helps answer questions…

Works Cited www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5015493029

Alibrandi, Marsha, and Herschel M. Sarnoff. "Using GIS to Answer the 'Why's' of 'Where' in Social Studies." Social Education 70.3 (2006): 138+. Questia. 20 Mar. 2008  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5015493029 .

A www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5000637589

Andrienko, Natalia, et al. "Testing the Usability of Interactive Maps in CommonGIS." Cartography and Geographic Information Science 29.4 (2002): 325+. Questia. 20 Mar. 2008  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5000637589 .

Environmental Program Takes Aim at Weeds: Townsend K-12 School District 1 / Montana." School Administrator Apr. 2007: 12. Questia. 20 Mar. 2008  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5020644157 .

problem-solving model in suggesting ways towards solving marketing problem of Classic Airline. It takes into account the internal and external pressures that contribute to the current crisis at Classic Airline, the current objective of implementing strategic marketing plan of solving solution. In addition, potential issues in implementation potential issues are as well considered in insuring impact of the plan. The analysis also touches on the fact that implementation of improved Customer elationship Management (CM) improves the profitability of the organization.

Classic Airlines is the fifth largest airline in the world with a command of up to above 375 jets that are serving cities with flights of over 2,300 daily. Since its inception, from 25 years ago, it has changed to become an organization having about 32,000 employees and even recently it managed to earn $10 million on sale of $8.7 billion in sales. Classic is among the airlines that faces…

References

Bull, C. (2003). Strategic issues in customer relationship management (CRM)implementation. Busiess Process Management Journal, 9 (5), 592-602, hosteddocs.ittoolbox.com/CB110408.pdf.

Hill.Patrissans, A. (2000). Customer Realtionship Management and the Challenge of Internet. Toronto: Cap Gemini Ernst and Young. scholar.sun.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10019.1/1475/BosseS.pdf?

Newell, F. (2000). Loyalty.com: Customer Relationship Management in the New Eraof Internet Marketing (1st Edition ed.). New York, NY: McGraw.  http://www.scribd.com/doc/56202522/Classic-Airlines-Marketing-Solution 

Philip Kotler, K.L. (2006). Marketing Management (12th Edition ed.). Upper SaddleRiver, New Jersey, United States: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Problem Solving in Mathematics

GCSE or the General Certificate of Secondary Education is basically a system that is present in England, Northern Ireland and in Wales. In this system, a student is awarded an academic qualification based on the grades that they attain. The qualification that a person attains is equivalent to either a level 2 or Level 1 key skills qualification. Normally, a student can uptake as many subjects as he or she wants. However, different systems set a requirement for how many subjects or GCSEs a student must take. There is present an international system of IGCSE as well and these subjects can be up taken anywhere in the world. This was just a precise history of what exactly the GCSE system is all about. Interestingly enough, the GCSE system was not the first one of its kind. Prior to this, GCE and the English Baccalaureate System were…

References

Anderson, J. (2009) Mathematics Curriculum Development and the Role of Problem Solving. [E-Book] The University Of Sydney. Available Through: ACSA Conference 2009  Http://Www.Acsa.Edu.Au/Pages/Images/Judy%20Anderson%20-%20Mathematics%20Curriculum%20Development.Pdf  [Accessed: 11th February 2013].

Bloom, B. (1971) Handbook Of Formative And Summative Evaluation Of Student Learning. New York: Mcgraw-Hill.

Boaler, J. (2002). Experiencing School Mathematics: Traditional And Reform Approaches To Teaching And Their Impact On Student Learning. Mahwah, N.J., L. Erlbaum.

Davies, I. (1975) Writing General Objectives And Writing Specific Objectives. In: Golby, M. Et Al. Eds. (1975) In Curriculum Design . 1st Ed. Open University Books .

Intrinsics

The Problem of Temporary Intrinsics:

Perundantists and Endurantists

The objective of this study is to examine and explain the problem of temporary intrinsics and the Perdurantist solution to it. This study will answer whether the conflict between a thing being bent simpliciter and the thing only being able to be bent at a time itself is a reason to reject Endurantism in favor of Perdurantism and how if at all, might Perdurantism itself be at odds with the idea that persisting objects are bent simpliciter.

It is the belief of some philosophers that the individual takes up time since they are held to have "different temporal parts at different times." (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2010, p.1) The spatial parts would be represented by the feet, nose, and head while temporal part of the individual would be the person as they were yesterday, the person as they are today and…

Bibliography

Brower, JE (nd) Aristotelian Endurantism: A New Solution to the Problem of Temporary Intrinsics. Retrieved from:  http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~brower/Papers/Aristotelian%20Endurantism.pdf 

Craig, WL (2000) The Tenseless Theory of Time: A Critical Examination. Analysis. Vol. 294. Retrieved from:  http://books.google.com/books?id=puqwbxLW_KQC&dq=Endurance+and+Temporary+intrinsics+and+Haslanger&source=gbs_navlinks_s 

Haslanger, S. (1989) Endurance and Temporary Intrinsics. Analysis 49/3. 119-25. Metaphysics: An Anthology. 2ed. Blackwell Publishing. 2012.

Lewis, D. (1986) On the Plurality of World. Chapter 4 John Wiley & Sons. Metaphysics: An Anthology. 2ed (ed) Jaegwon, Kim; Daniel Z. Korman; and Ernest Sosa. Blackwell Publishing. 2012.

In fact, the language specifically includes all people in an effort to create a place where all people are free. A law that infringes upon the rights of a citizen to be free is a law that must be changed.

The second part of the 14th amendment upon which the ban on gay marriage infringes is the right to property. Married couples share a great number of benefits not available to persons without a certificate of marriage. One of these benefits falls under the heading of Estate Planning. A married person inherits a portion of the spouse's estate after the spouse dies. A married person also receives an exemption from estate and gift taxes if property is given or left to the spouse. Gay couples are not allowed to receive these benefits in most states, because they are not allowed to be married in most states (NOLO).

Another property benefit…

Works Cited

Mathabane, Gail. "Gays face same battle interracial couple fought." USA Today. 25 Jan.

2004. Web. 17 Mar. 2010.

Olson, Theodore B. "The Conservative Case for Gay Marriage." Newsweek. 18 Jan.

2010: 68 -- 70. Print.

Solution to Problems Associated With Teaching to Test Learning Approach

Teaching to the test which is an educational practice in which the curriculum is focused heavily on preparing the students for standardized testing has several weaknesses. In this section, we present a curriculum-based solution to these problems. It is therefore important that all teachers be aware of the dangers associated with teaching to the test while embracing constructive test preparation approaches that in the end promote an authentic student learning experience.

Mehrens and Kaminski (1989) noted that both the preservice classrooms as well as inservice workshop should eclearly outline the unethical test preparation approaches and activities for the practicing and aspiring teachers. The teachers should be given training in the context of curriculum -- teaching that requires them to effectively direct their instructions towards a very specific set of cognitive skills and content knowledge that is represented by a certain…

References

Jones, K. (2004). A balanced school accountability model: An alternative to high-stakes testing. Phi Delta Kappan, 85(8), 584-590.

Mehrens, W.A., & Kaminski, J. (1989). Methods for improving standardized test scores: Fruitful, fruitless, or fraudulent? Educational Measurement: Issues and Practices, 8(1), 14-22.

Popham, W.J. (2001). Teaching to the test. Educational Leadership, 58(6), 16-20.

Sampson, M.B., Rasinski, T.V., & Sampson, M. (2003). Total Literacy (3rd ed.). Canada: Wadsworth.

Solutions to Marriage Debate

The marriage debate is a polarizing debate regarding, most people assume, whether gay individuals should have the right to marriage or not. On the homosexual side, it is important to be afforded the same rights as married couples both because they wish to enjoy the same benefits accorded those who are married and because the status of married carries with it different connotations. The opposite opinion is marked by individuals who do not want homosexual couples to use the term "married" because it is a union endorsed in the Bible and would be sullied if people that these individuals believe are in active sin were able to claim that they were married. It is a difficult questions and one that has been debated in public places, the media and by politicians. This paper looks at two journal articles with contrasting views that may not offer a…

Works Cited

Brumbaugh, Stacey M, Laura A. Sanchez, Steven L. Nock, and James D. Wright. "Attitudes Toward Gay Marriage in States Undergoing Marriage Law Transformation." Journal of Marriage & Family 70 (2008): 345-359. Print.

Polikoff, Nancy D. "Law that Values all Families: Beyond (Straight and Gay) Marriage." Journal of the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers 22 (2009): 85-104. Print.

JAMES' CASE STUDY

Case Study on James in IDEA

Case Study on James in IDEA

James is a six years old boy living with his parents in first grade. With his intellectual disability, he has been placed under special education classroom having 15 other students. James has some challenges related to learning due to the poor memory and delays in language development. One of the strengths that James has is that he is confident in school and is not easily frustrated. He can communicate effectively with adults but socializing with his peers is a challenge. One of the major challenges that he faces is the fact that he has low achievement in most of the academic areas. These include reading comprehension, mathematics, and written expressions. His interests are in sports, games although he is challenged by isolation from his peers. He has faced delays in cognitive, social and adaptive behavior…

solutions issues raised case perspective global chain strategies located e-Text, Global Operations Logistics: Text Cases: • Case

ISOL case study

The ISLO + Group is an international organization focused on the creation of insulation products, serving customers in numerous industries and markets. The company operates facilities in Spain, France and Italy, with the highest sales volumes being registered in France, and the lowest in Italy.

Currently, the company is looking to increase the volumes of its production in an effort to further enhance its financial results. In this order of ideas, the developments to be engaged in by the firm throughout the duration of the following year (1994 as according to the case) are focused on an increase in the sales volumes, coupled with an increase in the quality of the services delivered by the firm, with the purpose of increasing customer satisfaction and also boosting sales.

Identification of issues…

References:

Case 8 -- 3: ISOL, in the Global Operations Chapter 8.

schemas in Problem Solving

Schemas refer to the certain interpretation-pattern in our minds, which help us decipher and decode information. When new information is received, our mind automatically interprets it according to certain schemas and that makes it easier to understand the new bits of information. Without these schemas, it would become difficult to synthesize new information and thus we would need completely new schemas first to decipher information. Previously embedded schemas are helpful in synthesis of information or knowledge and this process helps in almost every field from learning mathematical concepts to solving problems at work. Problem solving requires certain specific skills like critical thinking, ability to develop creative solutions etc. But above everything else, it is extremely important to first understand and define the problem.

In every organization and almost in every field, we come across problems almost regularly and are required to develop creative and effective solutions.…

References

Driscoll, M. (1994) Psychology of Learning for Instruction Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Price, E. & Driscoll, M. (1997) "An Inquiry into the Spontaneous Transfer of Problem-Solving Skill." Contemporary Educational Psychology 22, 472-494

Kahney, Hank, (1993) Problem solving: current issues- 2. ed. Buckingham; Philadelphia; Open University Press

Confucianism, Catholicism and Islam between 1450 and 1750.

Three major religions, located at diverse axes of the world, Catholicism, Confucianism, and Islam, were faced with similar problems and challenges in the years between 1450 and 1750. Catholicism encountered a militant Protestant Reformation in the shape of Martin Luther King that espoused religion whilst criticizing the Pope. Confucianism, in the shape of the renowned philosopher and politician Wang Vangming, grappled with a future that threatened to challenge its traditional learning and way of life whilst Wahhabism introduced fundamentalist religion into an Islam that had gradually become more secular and detached from the Koran-simulated way of life. The following essay elaborates on their individual problems and challenges.

Catholicism.

Luther's Protestantism effectively ended the many years of sole religious monopoly that the Catholic Church had on Europe. At the same time, Catholicism was also threatened by the new Humanism that tentatively insisted, first…

Sources. (vol. 2) Bedford; New York, *.

1 Strayer, p.751

2 Strayer. p.755

3 ibid.

4 ibid

Managing Operations Across the Supply Chain

Question (a) moving average demand predictions

The predictions in each quarter based on moving average calculations are as follows:

Y2Q1 = 1/N (y1q1 + y1q2 + y1q3 + y1q4)

where Y2Q1 represents forecasts for year 2 quarter 1 and y1q1 .. ynqn are actual demands for year n quarter n and N. represents the number of quarters used to calculate the average.

This nomenclature is used throughout the calculation where YnQn represents Year n Quarter n.

Y2Q1 = 1/4(18+19+18+17) = 18 kayak paddles

Y2Q2 = 1/4(19+18+17+18) = 18.25

Y2Q3 = 1/4(18+17+19+21) = 18.75

Y2Q4 = 1/4(17+19+21+18) = 18.75

Y3Q1 = 1/4(19+21+18+19) = 19.25

Y3Q2 = 1/4 (21+18+ 19+20) = 19.5

Y3Q3 = 1/4 (18+19+20+24) = 20.25

Y3Q4 = 1/4(19+20+24+28) = 22.75

Year

Y4Q1 = 1/4 (20+24+28+32) = 26

Y4Q2 = 1/4 (24+28+32+30) = 28.5

Y4Q3 = 1/4 (28+32+30+31) = 30.25

Y4Q4 = 1/4 (32+30+31+34)…

Reference

Kerin, R., Hartley, S., Rudelius, W., Clements, C., & Skolnick, H. (2009). The Core. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Decision-Making

Assessing a Decision Based on Edward de Bono's Six Thinking Hats Technique

In the book Six Thinking Hats Edward de Bono describes the process of parallel thinking. This process means looking at problems from all angles at once. Edward de Bono uses the example of four people all looking at the same house. One person is looking at the front. Another is looking at the back. The other is looking at the left side. The final person is looking at the right side. These people are all arguing about what the house looks like, while each has a different view of the house. The fact is that what everyone is seeing is part of what the house looks like. But as long as they are all only seeing one side, they will never agree. They will also never really understand what the entire house looks like. The four people…

References

Daft, R.L. (1997). Management. Fort Worth, TX: Dryden Press.

de Bono, E. (1999). Six Thinking Hats. New York: Back Bay Books.

Furnham, A. (1993). "Reaping the Benefits of Teamwork." Financial Times 19 May 1993: 12-14.

Herriot, P., & Pemberton, C. (1995). Competitive Advantage through Diversity. London: Sage.

Alternative Solutions to the Rising Costs of Books

The concept books comes into an existence because of the needs to store information and pass the same information to the next generation. Books have been used for several centuries dated back to the time of bronze age. However, books have passed through revolutionary changes starting from when people write on clay to the time when books have been converted into an electronic format. Earlier books were meant to keep observations and records. Several years afterwards, books have found their places in academics, literatures, politics, and poetry. Over the years, books have witnessed changes of being imprinted from clay to paper. However, rapid development of information technology has transformed books from paper to paperless format and delivered to users in an electronic form generally referred as e-books. E-books refers to the transfer of books into an electronic format where readers are able…

Works Cited

Besen, S.M. & Kirby, S.N. E-Books and Libraries: Economic Perspectives. American Library Association .2012.

Glenn, A.B. .Document Analysis as a Qualitative Research Method, Qualitative Research Journal, 9 ( 2):27 -- 40.2009.

Gray, D.J. & Copeland, A.J. E-Book vs. Print A Per-Title Cost and Use Comparison of a Public Library's Popular Titles. Reference & User Services Quarterly, 51( 4):334 -- 39.2012.

Hermida, J. The Importance of Teaching Academic Reading Skills in First-Year University Courses. The International Journal of Research and Review.3:20-30. 2009.

Unemployment in America

Policy makers in the United States continuously seek the silver bullet(s) -- plural solutions because there is clear recognition that the issue is multifaceted -- that will achieve healthy levels of employment in the nation. Certainly there some paths to increasing employment in the country are less expensive than others, and proposed solutions range across a wide array of complexity and practicality. Invariably, today, education becomes a focal point for discussions and debates about how to increase employment in any nation. This is due largely to the potential promise that solutions based in education can act as levers that are sufficiently effective to induce change.

Thesis Statement

Solutions to unemployment must be developed through the perfection of the alignment between the education young American receive -- in both secondary (high school) and post-secondary (college / university) educational systems -- and the actual labor market.

In his article…

References

Friedman, T.L. (2010, November 23). U.S.G. And P.T.A. The Opinion Pages. The New York Times. Retrieved  http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/24/opinion/24friedman.html?_r=1& ;

Hacker, A. (2012, February 28). Is Algebra Necessary? The Sunday Review. The New York Times. Retrieved  http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/29/opinion/sunday/is-algebra-necessary.html

Obesity and Fast Food

Obesity in America is one of the fastest-growing health concerns facing the nation. Many people blame the fast food industry, along with American's frenzied lifestyles, as major contributors to obesity in the country. When fast food was first introduced in the 1950s, the concept was appealing for a number of reasons. The food was quickly prepared, it was tasty, and it was cheap. These attributes still apply to fast food in the country, but there is a major difference between the 1950s and today. Then, fast food was seen as a "treat," or even a night outing with the family. Today, fast food is an everyday occurrence for most families, and some people even eat most of their meals in fast food restaurants. In fact, fast food often permeates every facet of American's lives, from school cafeterias to office snacks and lunches grabbed on the run.…

References

Manning, Cyril. "Clear Link Between Fast Food, Obesity." Harvard University. 2004. 18 May 2004. http://web1.tch.harvard.edu/chnews/01-2004/obesity.html

contrary, indications of a definite gender pay gap seem to persist. Wanzenreids (2008), for instance, conducted a large-scale study of 108,628 observations on 26,047 executives and 2,598 firms, between the years 1992 to 2003, and showed that women are working for smaller, less profitable firms than men and that female executives earn 14% less than their male colleagues. More so, the gender pay gap is higher towards the upper end of the pay distribution. As recently as 2002, women who worked more than thirty-five hours per week for fifty-two weeks per year earned only 78% as much as men (Giddens, Duneir, & Applebaum, 2003).

Most sociologists (e.g. Alksnis, Desmarais, & Curtis, 2008) seem to think that sexism is the determining factor for the differnce in gender wage, but it may just be that other, less innocuous, reasons may explain the disparity.

These include (1) self-selection by women into female-dominated industries,…

Bibliography

Alksnis, C., Desmarais, S., & Curtis, J. (2008), Workforce segregation and the gender wage gap, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 38, 1416-1441.

Giddens, A., Duneir, M. & Applebaum, R. (2003) Introduction to Sociology, London: Norton & Co.

Wanzenreid, G. (2004). How feminine is corporate America? J. Econ. Inequal, 6, 185-209.

Greening of the Health Care System

The objective of this work in writing is to examine problems and solutions to increase greening of the health care system. Towards this end, this work examines and reports literature in this area of study.

It is reported that Pittsburg, PA was, in the 1940s a place coping with extreme pollution and was known as 'the Smoky City'. However in the 1940s leaders in the city met with architect Frank Lloyd Wright inquiring as to what might be done to improve the city. The leaders chose to change the environment "and stimulate new ways of thinking." (oard on Population Health, 2007, p.45) The businesses in Pittsburg were required to change from coal to gas and other fuels that were smokeless for heating and that begin "a significant green renaissance for Pittsburg and created was "a livable, diverse economic region, with one of the most…

Bibliography

Green Healthcare Institutions: Health, Environment, and Economics, Workshop Summary (2007)

Board on Population Health (BPH)

VA Sierra Nevada is Greening Our Healthcare System (nd) Retrieved from:  http://www.reno.va.gov/docs/GREENING_OUR_HEALTH_CARE_SYSTEM.pdf 

A Practical Approach to 'Green' for Health Care Providers (2009) Deloitte. Retrieved from: http://www.deloitte.com/assets/Dcom-UnitedStates/Local%20Assets/Documents/us_lshc_PracticalApproachtoGreeningforProviders_082609.pdf

This concept says that the low zone represents what the child already knows and can handle alone, and the high zone represents what the child needs mentoring for. With help, Sara could very well pick a gift appropriate to her mother's interest and taste. Because Jane at 10 has a broader experience of the world and more experience with her mother's likes and dislikes, her zone of proximal or potential development will be much larger, however she might very well take advantage of the more complete knowledge of people around her and try to buy or possibly make something really special.

Siegler: Information Processing Theories

Information processing theories have much the same foundations as constructivist or socialcultural theory but seem to focus more on exactly how attention and memory work and grow and change in the child. Attention improves a lot in early childhood although with the younger child, focus…

Unemployment Lynn MA Case Proposal

In the U.S. unemployment has hit record highs. Unemployment of large segments of the working population, with rates as high as 9.5% in the general working population and 18% among young people affect everyone as these individuals are stagnating and struggling to provide for themselves and their families. (Fried, Revell, Rosato, Yahalom, Poppick, & Swiatek 76) The current recession has created consumer restraint as more and more people face and fear unemployment as well as concerns about financial security in general. This has resulted in U.S. unemployment rates based on both lower demand for products and services and corporate hiring conservation. ("Economic Policy" 15-16) In the state of Massachusetts the unemployment rate remains slightly lower than the national average at 7.3% as of October 2011, yet the problem is still one in need of address, and the unemployment rate in the Boston area including Lynn…

Works Cited

Anderson, Eric. "Avoiding a fall in 2012." Times Union (Albany, NY) 27 Nov. 2011:B2.

"Economic Policy." Country Report. United States 5 (2011): 15-16.

Foroohar, Rana. "The Truth About The Poverty Crisis." Time 178.12 (2011): 24.

Fried, Carla, Revell, Janice, Rosato, Donna, Yahalom, Tali, Poppick, Susie, & Swiatek, Greg. "Jobs." Money, 40.11, (2011):76.

Dr. Dole Queue

It might seem that having too much education, like being too rich or too thin, is impossible to achieve. However, according to Adrian Wooldridge's article "Doctor Dole Queue," that is precisely what is happening to a generation of PhD students. After a certain point, there is a diminishing level of returns for the student in regards to getting degree after degree. And certain degrees, such as a PhD in English literature, can actually make the job-seeker less employable, given the lack of utility of the degree in fields outside of academia and the opportunity cost of time and money to get a PhD. Wooldridge primarily uses facts and statistics to illustrate his point, underlining the discrepancy that exists between the claim that 'more education is good' versus the reality that exists for most students in the real world.

In the first paragraph of his essay, Wooldridge states…

References

Wooldridge, A. (2011). Doctor Dole Queue. More Intelligent Life. Retrieved from:

 http://moreintelligentlife.com/content/ideas/adrian-wooldridge/dole-queue

Postmodern Therapy

What Corey describes as "postmodern" therapy is, in reality, largely a series of evolutionary changes. Recalling how evolution works -- in which organisms change form ultimately as an adaptive mechanism -- might be useful here, insofar as many of these "postmodern" approaches seem adaptive in terms of the actual climate of opinion concerning psychotherapy and its medical utility. The chief example that I am thinking of here is "solution-focused brief therapy."

The notion of "solution-focused brief therapy" would have caused Sigmund Freud to spin in his grave, considering Freud devoted an entire book, entitled Analysis Terminable and Interminable, to the question of whether psychotherapy should ideally last forever. However the widespread cultural rejection of the Freudian paradigm is, perhaps, one reason why the notion of long-term Freudian analysis has come to be replaced with the fast food approach. But the chief reason appears to be adaptive: increasingly health…

Workplace Change Using Lewin's Framework

The change plan communicated to the hospital staff will clearly articulate the stages of change in Lewin's framework. The first stage is unfreezing, which requires thoughtful articulation of the need for the proposed change to the stakeholders in the workplace. The motivation for implementing the change plan will necessarily come from the recognition, in this scenario, that the bureaucratic response to a lack of paperwork was ill timed and poorly focused with respect to the priorities of triage. A first step in the communication is to help stakeholders recall that the paperwork procedures are there to serve the staff and patients and not the other way around. Standard operating procedures should reflect the best possible solutions for addressing a problem or situation. A more expedient and agile means of communicating rapid changes in patient status and care needs must be developed, however, this will only…

References

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (n.d.). TeamSTEPPS® Instructor Guide: Specialty ScenariosMed-Surg [Webpage]. Retrieved from  http://www.ahrq.gov/teamsteppstools/instructor/scenarios/medsurg.htm 

NHS Northwest Academy. (2011). Lewin's change management model: Understanding the three stages of change. Retrieved from  http://www.nwacademy.nhs.uk/sites/default/files/86_1722011_lewin_s_change_management_model.pdf

Monetizing Environmental Goods and Services

Monetizing ecosystem services is not essential for ecological sustainability. Thus, all goods and services provided by nature should not be commoditized and given an economic value or price so that they can be traded properly and accounted for in economic decisions to bolster their conservation. Monetization is only effective in the realm of presenting penalties for ecosystem violations, though even then it presents as a flawed system. The monetization of natural resources and ecosystems marks a violation of our integrity and collective human spirit.

Nature and all organic processes already have an inherent value that makes them valuable. It's up to society to realize that value, and to treat these attributes as precious through their time and attention. All attempts to monetize or to ascribe a financial value either artificially or through government support generally manifest as unsustainable. For example, the government often tries to…

References

Ackerman, F., & Gallagher, K. (2000, October). Getting the Prices Wrong. Retrieved from Global Development: [HIDDEN]

Kinzig, A. (2011, November). Paying for Ecosystem Services -- Promise and Peril. Retrieved from Sciencemag.org: [HIDDEN]

Spash, C. (2008). How Much is that Ecosystem in the Window? Retrieved from Environmental Values: [HIDDEN]

Stavins, R. (2009, April). What Explains the Recent Popularity of Market-Based Envrionmental Solutions? Retrieved from [HIDDEN]

So I am glad to see something slow this massive reform down.

Nietzsche: Piddle! "Man does not repudiate suffering… he desires it" (598). He heaps guilt upon himself as a means of achieving meaning. hy should I pay for anything to benefit my fellow man. A pox on healthcare reform!

Rousseau: As I have written, "the sovereign cannot impose on subjects any fetters that are of no use to the community" (33). e do have some obligation to help each other out, and through doing so, help ourselves with the cost savings proposed. I am sad to see abortion offered as an obstacle.

Machiavelli: ell, princes should not be afraid of being seen as mean to those whom they are not likely to get anything from anyway (XVI, 1). So by passing reform in spite of objections, they get the dual benefit of being seen by liberal by those whom…

Works Cited

Adamy, J, and Hitt, G. (2009, December 7) Abortion Emerges as Top Bill Threat. WSJ. Retrieved from  http://online.wsj.com/article/SB126014615617679331.html?mod=WSJ_hpp_MIDDLENexttoWhatsNewsSecond .

Ball, J, and Forrell, C. (2009, December 7). Business Fumes Over Carbon Dioxide Rule. WSJ. Retrieved from  http://online.wsj.com/article/SB126020179812780059.html?mod=WSJ_hpp_LEFTTopStories .

Locke, J. (1980). Second Treatise of Government. Indianapolis, Hackett.

Miachiavelli, N. (n.d.) The Prince. Retrieved online at  http://www.constitution.org/mac/prince14.htm .

Graybar: Case Study

What was the problem at Graybar described in this case? How did this problem affect Graybar's business performance?

Graybar is a wholesale distributing company that deals solely with organizations, not personal retail customers. Still, customer service is an important component of the success of any entity, and Graybar is currently lacking in this particular area. Graybar is failing to adequately segment its customers, a critical component of organizational success. Core customers are defined as customers that place high-volume orders on a regular basis, versus opportunistic customers who only do so when their current distributor has failed to deliver and is experiencing a problem (marginal customers only place orders sporadically) ("Graybar goes for customer analytics," 317). However, opportunistic customers are not necessarily 'bad' customers, rather they are customers that need to be cultivated in a different fashion. Opportunistic customers tend to pay well even though they are not…

References

Cawood, S., Bailey, R.V. (2006). Destination profit: creating people-profit opportunities in your organization. Davies-Black Publishing

Graybar goes for customer analytics. (n.d). Case study.

Hannon, D. (2012). Fast, detailed, actionable analytics at Graybar. insiderPROFILES.

Retrieved from:  http://sapinsider.wispubs.com/Assets/Case-Studies/2012/October/Fast-Detailed-Actionable-Analytics-At-Graybar

Poverty is defined as having a meager annual income, insufficient for meeting basic expenditure. esearch has confirmed that older adults, from the age of 65 years and above, when poor, confront immense burden in meeting with their basic housing, food, healthcare and other expenses. Poverty in the elderly populations is a persistent and grave issue in America. Almost 10% of elderly individuals (aged 65 years and above) belong to families with annual income below America's official poverty line, also termed as the federal poverty level (or FPL). An older adult (age- 65+) who lives alone was labeled as a 'poor' individual if his/her annual income before tax amounted to less than 10, 326 dollars, in 2008. Elderly couples having incomes under 13, 014 dollars were labeled as poor. oughly one in every six elderly individuals was nearly poor, or poor, with income less than 125% of FPL; nearly a third…

References

Butrica, B.A., Murphy, D.P., & Zedlewski, S.R. (2010). How many struggle to get by in retirement?. The Gerontologist, 50(4), 482-494.

Caldera S. (2009). Social Security: Ten Facts That Matter. Washington, DC: AARP Public

Policy Institute. Retrieved 25 July 2015 from  http://assets.aarp.org/rgcenter/econ/fs154_socsec.pdf 

Cawthorne A. (2008). Elderly Poverty: The Challenge Before Us. Center for American progress.

Broken Congress

There is little argument that the status quo in Congress leaves a lot to be desired. Indeed, the approval rating for Congress is rather low and not a whole lot gets done in Congress other than things that cannot be left to chance such as the debt ceiling and minimal budget measures that keep the government working. However, what is being proposed in the "Brand New Congress" site is not going to work, and for a couple of reasons. While the honesty and forthrightness of Bernie Sanders is certainly a break from what is normally seen, the system is a little more broken than Bernie Sanders supports want to believe and Bernie Sanders is not remotely mainstream in terms of his ideas and motivations.

Analysis

First off, it should be addressed that Bernie Sanders is a rather hard-left liberal and his ideas are not within the mainstream of…

References

BNC. (2016). Brand New Congress. brandnewcongress.org. Retrieved 22 October 2016, from  http://brandnewcongress.org/home 

BNC. (2016). Brand New Congress. Brandnewcongress.org. Retrieved 22 October 2016, from  https://brandnewcongress.org/teams

International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an organization of 187 nations that was created after World War II for the purpose of attempting to stabilize the world economy. Its focus in this regard was on providing a monetary system that could effectively manage exchange rates between nations. At the time of its formation, exchange rates were a particular problem in the world's economy and the IMF was instrumental in establishing an effective system that allowed money to be exchanged between nations. This purpose was largely obviated in the 1970s as the system designed by the IMF following the Second World War was abandoned but at such time the IMF became involved in other financial areas. Today, the IMF is involved in three main areas of concern: surveillance, money lending, and technical assistance.

As part of its surveillance responsibilities, the IMF facilitates the cooperation of its member nations so that the financial…

2. The Grameen system of banking, based on the loaning of uncollateralized monies to the poor, would be as effective in the United States as in any other nation. The "get to know your customer" kind of approach is as badly needed in the U.S. As anywhere else as there is large segment of American society that have no access to credit and Grameen provided this opportunity. The Grameen system has worked effectively in other areas of the world and is an example of why the IMF should consider becoming involved. The grass roots approach used by Grameen is more stabilizing than the broad based approach used by the IMF.

3. Studies have indicated that as women become educated and more involved in the business world they correspondingly produce fewer children. Such developments serve to assist the world in its fight against population growth while at the same time provide the framework for economic stability. A report on this phenomenon can be found in a story appearing in the Bloomberg Business Week on April 8, 2009. The story reference several examples of how improved economic conditions have resulted in decreased population growth

Warhurst, Alyson. 'Girl Effect' Could Lift the Global Economy. Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved on March 24, 2012,  http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/apr2009/gb2009048_644459.htm .

Boys Adrift

Book Critique on the book boys adrift

Book critique: Boys Adrift

For many years, there was a great deal of concern expressed about the poor performance of girls in schools. Although girls often excelled during the early grades, boys tended to edge out girls in terms of grades and on standardized tests, particularly in the sciences and math. However, girls have begun to catch up with their male counterparts in the wake of the influence of the feminist movement, which has profoundly changed the ways in which women are educated and viewed by the educational system. Now women are beginning to surpass their male counterparts according to some indicators such as college attendance. Women have not yet become able to earn as much money as men for the same work but their role in society has clearly changed. This has provoked a great deal of anxiety amongst some…

Reference

Sax, L. (2009). Boys Adrift. Basic Books.

Accounting and Finance

Determine the costs that should be capitalized in the machinery account

Capitalization is the act of recognizing costs that provide a future economic benefit by setting up an asset account (Power Point). The costs that should be capitalized include:

Cost of raw materials used during trial runs of machinery $1,000

Additional materials, lumber, steel, and other supplies needed in installation $35,400

Wages paid to company employees to help unload and install the machinery during regular working hours $10,500

Trucking expenses related to the rigging company, which disassembled the machinery in Kentucky and transported it to Pawtucket $104,783

Legal bill related to writing the contract for the equipment $3,000

For any cost that was not capitalized, explain your reasoning

Cost to repair damage from machinery dropped from truck during unloading -- This cost is not included because it is self-inflicting by the company, or rather internally generated cost…

Income Tax Payable 331,000

e. Identify the amounts of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities that will be presented on PF's December 31, 2004 balance sheet. Will these deferred tax assets and liabilities be presented as current or long-term?

Deferred tax asset of $9,000 will be presented on the balance sheet of PF as at December 31, 2004 and will be presented as current. On the other hand, deferred tax liability of $200,000 contingent loss will be presented as long-term on the balance sheet of PF

estphalia

The Peace of estphalia achieved the beginning of a new political order in Europe, one in which the Roman Church had little authority over the emerging independent states, such as the Dutch Republic. It ended the Thirty Years ar that had raged in throughout the Holy Roman Empire, and it also ended the Eighty Years ar between Spain and the Dutch. It was, in large part, a compromise between the warring Protestant and Catholic entities, along with Jewish influence in the Netherlands. Essentially, the Peace of estphalia established a political peace, in which the respective combatants respected the sovereignty of the other and resolved to maintain a political balance. It was moreover the basis for the formation of modern international law.

hat estphalia did not achieve was any solid or real, lasting peace. The practicality of its political peace stemmed from a desire to end the warring -- but…

Works Cited

Holsti, Kalevi. Peace and Conflict: Armed Conflicts and International Order 1648-1989.

NY: Cambridge University Press, 1991. Print.

Problem Solving for Mathematics

It is essential to include families in the exploration of mathematics and science so that children are able to see a correlation between their learning at school and the real world, practical application found at their homes. esearch indicates that there are numerous adults who have difficulty managing their money (Wells, 2015), which indicates the need to teach the correlation between money and math. One of the most readily available ways to produce this effect is by having students understand the vitality of mathematics through the usage of money and the regular counting and exchanging of currency. One of the most viable means of doing so is to give children a 'piggy bank', and enable them to keep any variety of denominations of money. Certainly all of the different types of coinage should be involved in this process; it would also help to include paper money…

References

Beecroft, G.D., Duffy, G.L., Moran, J.W. (2003). The Executive Guide to Improvement and Change. New York: ASQ Quality Press.

Wells, C. (2015). The smart way to teach children about money. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from  http://www.wsj.com/articles/the-smart-way-to-teach-children-about-money-1422849602

Problem Solving

In order to solve problems effectively, a formalized process can be used. These are the basic steps that all problem-solving goes through, but following them ensures that all relevant steps will be taken into consideration. This is better than the alternative, where ad hoc problem-solving can result is sloppiness and errors. Sometimes, such steps are required to resolve a dilemma, such as is the case in this scenario.

The problem in this situation is that there is a discrepancy between the effort that parents are putting into their children's projects. Ultimately, you can only worry about your own child. But the downside to that is that your child has not completed the assignment effectively, and the other child will by virtue of its parent's assistance will deliver a better project. Your child, with a poorer grade, could well be disadvantaged by performing their own work. You are seeking…

A systematic plan must be created to address a multilayered problem. Of course, there are certain things that are impossible to change -- like the recession, for example. But it is necessary to deal with the problems of the larger economy, even if the organization's previous policies did not contribute to the slump. Cutting back on ineffective television and radio advertisements, and focusing on marketing to young people through new media outlets, like the Internet and text messages are one way to use productive resources more effectively.

The fifth step is to plan and execute the solution -- something that is easier said than done. But it is important to remember that "even the best solution is doomed to fail if its implementation isn't carefully planned and executed" (Cochran 2002). A new incentive plan to lure teens with, for example, 'rewards points' on a discount card will convey little value…

Works Cited

Corcoran, Christ. (2002). 6 steps to problem solving. Quality Digest Magazine.

 http://www.qualitydigest.com/sept02/articles/02_article.shtml

Problem Solving in the Workplace

Problem solving is one of the major issues in the workplace because of problems usually occur in the working environment. Since problems are part and parcel of the daily operations in a workplace, effective problem solving and decision-making is crucial towards establishing a suitable workplace for all workers. The significance of problem-solving in the workplace is evident in the significant attention this issue has obtained among business scholars and professionals. Additionally, effective problem solving in the workplace is vital given that people tend to become uncomfortable, fear or hope the problem would disappear, look for someone to blame or look for answers/solutions to the problem (Hicks, 2000). Hicks (2000) provide different steps that can be utilized in resolving problems experienced in the workplace.

One of the major problems or issues that I have faced in my workplace is time management. I experienced this problem during…

Reference

Hicks, T. (2000, January 30). Seven Steps Outlined for Effective Problem-Solving. Biz Journals. Retrieved April 21, 2017, from  http://www.bizjournals.com/phoenix/stories/2000/01/31/smallb3.html

197).

Further, Robinson and Sirard posit that applying a "Litmus Test" helps to identify the specific research questions, study designs, and methods that will most likely contribute to improving individual and overall population health (198). The researchers suggest that a study should only be performed if the researcher(s) knows what the conclusion from each possible result (negative, null, positive) will be, and how the result will incline intervention to address policy, clinical or a public health problem like childhood obesity. If research is conducted as suggested, the authors maintain that studies with a greater possibility of advancing science and directly, not suggestively, improving well being and health, would be the result. Therefore, greater assurance that will be provided that ethical responsibilities of not devaluing the contributions of research participants, and responsibly responding to the need for useful research to the public, particularly if public funds are used for the project,…

Bibliography

Allison, D.B., Pietrobell, A., Faith, M.S., Fontaine, K.R., Gropp, E., & Fernandez, J.R.

(2003). Genetic influences on obesity. In Eckel, R. (ed). Obesity: Mechanisms

and Clinical Management. Elsevier: New York, pp. 1-74.

Ballard, M.B., & Alessi, H.D. (2004). The impact of childhood obesity upon academic.

Refined Solution

A Solution Refinement for Individual Smoking Cessation

Original Issue:

Cigarette-smoking, tobacco addiction and nicotine dependency are widespread and permeating public health concerns. Indeed, the combination of the high rate of addiction to tobacco products and the clear empirical relationship between these products and a number of critical negative and even fatal health outcomes qualifies this is a substantial problem requiring a direct solution. According to the National Cancer Institute (NCI), "smoking is a leading cause of cancer and death from cancer. It causes cancers of the lung, esophagus, larynx, mouth, throat, kidney, bladder, pancreas, stomach, and cervix, as well as acute myeloid leukemia. Smoking also causes heart disease, stroke, aortic aneurysm (a balloon-like bulge in an artery in the chest), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (chronic bronchitis and emphysema), asthma, hip fractures, and cataracts." (NCI, p.1)

This constitutes a very compelling motive for pursuing resolution of the problem…

Works Cited:

Centers for Disease Control (CDC). (2011). Smoking Cessation. CDC.gov.

CDC Online Newsroom. (2011). New study shows smokers underutilize proven treatment and services for quitting. CDC.gov.

Jaslow, R (2011). Great American Smokeout spotlights smoking cessation: What works best? CBS News.

National Cancer Institute (NCI). (2011). Harms of Smoking and Health Benefits of Quitting. Cancer.gov.

Creative Problem Solving

The human condition appears to be creative in nature. Porter (2010) suggested that "ideas appear to arise by chance only when people are actually looking for them. It does not happen to people who are not curious or inquiring or who are not engaged in a hard search for opportunities, possibilities, answers or inventions, " (p.5). The purpose of this paper is to explain a created problem using the Creative Problem Solving Process (CPS). Specifically, this paper will focus on refining the solutions that were presented in an earlier essay.

Original Issue

Within a particular college class room, some of the students regularly come late to the class and left early. These same students also took extended long breaks and were absent from class most of the time. This was not acceptable by the students who always arrived on time and left at the end of the…

References

Goodman, N. (2012). A Secret to Creative Problem Solving. Entrepreneur, 23 May 2012. Retrieved from  http://www.entrepreneur.com/blog/223588 

Proctor, T. (2010). Creative Problem Solving for Managers. Developing Skills for Decision Making and Innovation. Third Edition. Published by Routledge.

To provide the number of constraints and variables, the paper provides the study of Amtrak rail system between Delaware, and New Jersey. The entire datasets held with the 99 trains are 42 tracks and 43 nodes. The datasets gives a problem of 220,000 variables and 380,000 constraints. ith available constraints and variables, the paper uses all possibilities to solve the problems using the algorithms.

To arrive at the solution to the problem, the study uses the new traffic management concepts and other potential solving methods.

3-Part: Structure of the Model;

The paper uses the Ilog Cplex tool to solve the problem. The linear programming as follows:

The algorithms check all constraints and simplify the problem as much as possible using the mathematical point-of-view. Using the system, the study attempts to find the first solution and refine it in order to find the best solution as being revealed in Fig 1.…

Works Cited

Gely, L. Dessagne, G. And Lerin, C. Train Re-scheduling Modeling with Operational Research and Optimization Techniques: Results and Applications at SNCF. SNCF Innovation and Research Department. 2008.

Semet, Y. Schoenauer, M. "An Efficient Memetic, Permutation-Based Evolutionary Algorithm for Real-World Train Timetabling," the Journal, Volume, pp. 110-120, (2005).

PRESOLVE

First Solution

Solar is the Solution, author Steve Heckeroth argues that solar energy is the key to alleviating climate change. Heckeroth builds his argument on the statement that "Solar is a promising source of future energy supplies because not only is it clean, it's remarkably abundant." Another one of Heckeroth's claims is that "relying on coal, oil and natural gas threatens our future with toxic pollution, global climate change and social unrest caused by diminishing fuel supplies." These statements are internally valid; although Heckeroth does not provide quantitative data to back up these statements, they are easy to reference. Moreover, Heckeroth establishes his own credibility as an author qualified to write about environmental science by stating "I have been studying our energy options for more than 30 years." Of course, "studying" something for thirty years does not automatically make a person an expert. Heckeroth is admitting that he is a layperson who…

Work Cited

Heckeroth, Steve. "Solar is the Solution." Dec-Jan 2008. Retrieved online:  http://www.motherearthnews.com/Renewable-Energy/2007-12-01/Solar-is-the-Solution.aspx?page=6