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¶ … Intercultural Differences and Similarities Between University Life in the Countries of France and Holland: Twente University vs. Novancia University
The objective of the research in this work in writing is to compare leadership styles in Holland and France and specifically, to compare leadership styles at Twente University in Holland and Novancia University in Paris. This will be achieved through a review of literature in this area of study. There are diverse concepts among various cultures of leadership and as noted in the work of Richard D. Lewis (1999) Leaders "can be born, elected, or trained and groomed. Others seize power or have leadership thrust upon them. Leadership can be autocratic or democratic, collective or individual, meritocratic or unearned, desired or imposed." (p.59)
It is not possible to easily transfer a leader from one culture to another culture. Lewis states for example that Japanese Prime Ministers "would be largely ineffective in the United States; American politicians would fare badly in most Arab countries, mullahs would not be tolerated in Norway." (Lewis, 1999, p.59) Business managers find the change from one to another culture rife with challenges however "such transfers become more and more common with the globalization of business, but the composition of international teams and particularly the choice of their leaders requires careful thought." (Lewis, 1999, p.59)
The work of Budrina (2011) states that one of the...
There is a need for leaders who can help teams form a local identity while still retaining the values of the organization as a whole." (2011, p.1) Budrina also states that cultural intelligence
"…is needed to achieve the right blend of flexibility and rigidity, which means "to embrace the local culture, but not to make any retreats on your values. One will get respect from the locals, if one shows understanding for the local culture/religion/behaviour, but equally respect will be gained if the locals can learn something useful from you. It is a two-way avenue, where best results and great working atmosphere is created when locals and expats are learning from each other." (2011, p.1)
There are five stated reasons for cultural intelligence including:
(1) understanding customers
(2) managing personnel
(3) recruiting talent
(4) adapting leadership style, and (5) communicating respect. (Budrina, 2011,…
Leadership in the Netherlands are "based on merit, competence, and achievement. Managers are vigorous and decisive but consensus is mandatory, as there are many key players in the decision-making process. Long 'Dutch debates' lead to action, taken at the top, but with constant reference to the 'ranks'. Ideas from low levels are allowed to filter freely upwards in the hierarchy." (Lewis, 1999, p. 72) Hofstede (1983) conducted a research study across 50 countries and examined these dimensions, as well as employee's attitudes and values through use of standardized questionnaires. Findings reported by Hofstede includes that the Netherlands is characterized by individualism meaning that very loose ties exist between Dutch employees with every individual watching after his or her self-interest and the interest of their immediate family. Dutch individuals have a large amount of freedom and employees in individualist countries are not as loyal to their employer and have less feeling as being part of a group. Leadership styles in the individualistic society is such that is based on the presumed individual needs in a society of individuals who seek after their self-interest primarily. Centralization of organizations and inequalities in power and wealth are downplayed in the Dutch society as much as possible.
IV. Comparison of Leadership: France vs. Netherlands
France and the Netherlands have two things in common historically and that being that each of these European powers that were the runners-up in the global seizure of land…" (Clancy-Smith and Gouda, 1998) Historically, imperial administrators are reported to have carefully studied each other's strengths and weaknesses." (Clancy-Smith and Gouda, 1998) In this endeavor the European collective knowledge of as well as power over Asians and Africans developed and there was a great concern for diversity of the people forming these regions of the world. Writings during the period of the settler societies wrote extensively in French, Dutch, English, Spanish, Portuguese, German or Italian and whenever the Europeans discussed the rights and responsibilities of
Once an international organization has delved into such details about a society, then they would be in a better position to know which areas to assign women and which ones not to and instead assign men and the reverse is applicable too. Yet another significant aspect to look into is the non-verbal communication among the various cultures and the applicability of such between the two genders. It is worth noting
It will be important for me to recognize my own culture and the way it affects my interactions with others. I must understand how the culture I am familiar with differs from that of people I interact with daily. I have to work to understand or uncover any similarities that exist between cultures I interact with as well. This will make communication easier and assure it is based on
Ethical Practice Involves Working Positively Diversity Difference Counseling is a profession that involves associations based on principles and values ethically. Patients are able to benefit by understanding themselves better and through creating relationships with others. Through counseling, the clients are able to make positive alteration in life and enhance their living standards. Communities, organizations, couples and families are different groups of individuals are main sources of relationships (BACP Ethical Framework, 2013,
That model has been adapted from their work and is shown in the following illustration labeled Figure 1 in this study. Figure 1 Personality Development and Cultural Socialization Source: Finkbeiner and Koplin (2002) Finkbeiner and Koplin additionally relate that the constructivist view is one that holds that "individuals construct the world in ways that help them make meaning of it and from it. Thus our cultural identity is the result of cognitive and
Chinese Students Introduction and Statement of Purpose "A language achieves a genuinely global status when it develops a special role that is recognized in every country" (Crystal, 2003, p. 3). In China, English is a compulsory subject from the 3rd grade and designated as one of the primary subjects for national college entrance examinations, and deemed necessary for college students in securing their initial degrees at colleges and universities and a skill
Some of the reasons why Hyundai relocated to Alabama State of the U.S.A. include the failure that she suffered in Korea. With the influx of cheap imported cars and the violent nature of the labor unions in Korea, the company had started to suffer serious decline in profits; this necessitated the move to look for other alternatives of operation. This landed the company in the U.S. As the revolution of