Letter From a Birmingham Jail,

¶ … Letter from a Birmingham Jail," Marin Luther King's audience involved the authorities and African-Americans requesting equality. He also wrote to the clergymen in Atlanta. King wrote the letter in a calm and logical manner and this is how it meets his purpose. From a jail, he writes about oppression, justice, and nonviolent action. King does not discount the frustration his fellow African-Americans feel but he also realizes violent will get them nowhere. He also knew certain actions were justified. He wrote about how he "earnestly worked and preached against violent tension, but there is a type of constructive tension that is necessary for growth" (King) and the "purpose of direct action is to create a situation so crisis-packed that it will inevitably open the door to negotiation" (11). He did not want violence but he did believe that some kind of action was warranted. King believed in the goodness of his fellow man and he had great dreams for America. He knew that racial divides could be conquered as long as men remained rational.

King's appeal to authority, or ethos, emerges when he states it was "was evidenced sublimely in the refusal of Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego to obey the laws of Nebuchadnezzar, on the ground that a higher moral law was at stake . . . To a degree, academic freedom is a reality today because Socrates practiced civil disobedience" (King). Here King illustrates how civil disobedience has good consequences and, in the end, one must follow one's on inclination. When he refers to the Boston Tea Party, he is appealing to ethos because they were disobeying, too. His appeal is logical and more difficult to dispute. The last thing King wanted to do was seem illogical and irrational.