Nursing -- Leadership and Management ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Davies, A., Wong, C. A., & Laschinger, H. (2011). Nurses' participation in personal knowledge transfer: The role of leader-member exchange (LMX) and structural empowerment. Journal of Nursing Management, 19(5), 632-643.

The purpose of the work.

The purpose of the work was to report results of a study testing Kanter's theory by examining relationships of structural empowerment, leader -- member exchange (LMX) quality and nurses' participation in personal knowledge transfer.

A summary of its content

The study results support Kanter's theory and the relationship between structural empowerment, LMX and nurses' participation in transfer of personal knowledge. The study concludes that health-care organizations should implement and promote policies for nurses' positive work environments so they feel empowered to transfer personal knowledge. It also concludes that nurse leaders should have relationships empowering knowledge transfer in keeping with professional standards.

3. For what type of audience the work is written

The article was written for health care organizations, nurse leaders and nurses in general.

4. Its relevance to the topic

The article conveys a key element of effective nurse leadership.

5. Any special or unique features about the material

There are no specifically unique features in the material. It supports Kanter's theory, established in the 1970s.

6. The strengths, weaknesses or biases in the material

The material is strong in that it supports Kanter's established theory with scientific study. It has weaknesses and biases in that the study was formulated based on Kanter's limited work.

2-Mark, B. A., Hughes, L. C., & Jones, C. B. (2004). The role of theory in improving patient safety and quality health care. Nursing Outlook, 51(1), 11-16.

1. The purpose of the work

This work was designed to examine the relationship between high/low nurse staffing and adverse events in the healthcare setting and build an effective theory.

2. A summary of its content

This study examined the relationship of nurse staffing and adverse events because there has been so much research in that area that allows the team to answer four critical questions in order to develop a theory that will assist that relationship. While they showed the importance of clearly defined constructs, explicit causal relationships, mediators and moderators, the researchers also stressed the importance of considering "systemness" in nurse staffing/adverse events and the effects of "cultural entrapment" on that relationship.

3. For what type of audience the work is written

This was written for healthcare facilities, nurse leaders and the nursing profession in general.

4. Its relevance to the topic

The study is relevant to leadership and management because it informs the idea of proper staffing and proper management to reduce and ideally eliminate adverse events.

5. Any special or unique features about the material

The material is unique in that it addresses a broad swath of information about nurse staffing and adverse events, defining four questions that should be asked and answered in order to develop an effective theory.

6. The strengths, weaknesses or biases in the material

The material is strong in that it is based on review of considerable research. It is weak and biased in that it is confined to the results of that research.

3-McGuire, E., & Kennerly, S. M. (2006). Nurse managers as transformational and transactional leaders. Nursing Economics, 24(4), 179-86.

1. The purpose of the work

This was a study of nurse leaders and their staff in 21 nonprofit hospitals to assess the impact of exceptional intellectual stimulation on the healthcare organization's competitive advantage.

2. A summary of its content

Researchers found that nurse leaders who intellectually stimulate staff by empowering them to think "out-of-the-box" and creatively solve problems are likelier to give their organizations a competitive advantage.

3. For what type of audience the work is written

This work was written for healthcare organizations, nurse leaders and the nursing profession in general.

4. Its relevance to the topic

This is relevant to the topic of leadership and management because it shows how specifically empowering and creative management skills can enhance the organization's competitiveness.

5. Any special or unique features about the material

The material is unique in that it sought out 21 nonprofit hospitals, their nurse leaders and their nursing staffs to engage in a 4-month study and data collection.

6. The strengths, weaknesses or biases in the material

The material is strong in that it sought out actual practitioners. Its weaknesses and biases are connected to its limitation to only nonprofit hospitals to only a certain geographic area and limited to only the 53% who ultimately met the study requirements.

4-Shirey, M. R. (2006). Authentic leaders creating healthy work environments for nursing practice. American Journal of Critical Care, 15(3), 256-267.

1. The purpose of the work

The purposes of the work are: to show ways authentic nurse leader can create health work environments;...

A summary of its content
Literature review led researchers conclude that creating authentic leadership will require better understanding of "authentic leadership," its development, its contribution to healthy work environments, a commitment to longitudinal research and an emphasis on leadership development in all levels of the profession.

3. For what type of audience the work is written

The work is written for nurse leaders, the nursing profession in general and scientific researchers focused on the healthcare industry.

4. Its relevance to the topic

This is relevant to leadership and management because it highlights the importance of healthful nurse leadership for staff retention and high quality healthcare.

5. Any special or unique features about the material

The material is based on review of considerable literature regarding nurse leaders and their impact on the nursing profession and the healthcare industry.

6. The strengths, weaknesses or biases in the material

The material is strong in that it recognizes the importance of healthful nurse leadership to retain nursing staff, avoid burnout, disability, and high absenteeism and increase quality of care. Its weakness and bias are its necessary reliance on anecdotal information to reach its conclusions.

5-Warrick, D. D. (2011). The urgent need for skilled transformational leadership and organizational development. Journal of Leadership, Accountability, and Ethics, 8(5), 11-26.

1. The purpose of the work

The purpose of the work is to integrate actual skills for transforming organizations with the characteristics of a transformation leader in order to strengthen both and provide a workable definition of transformational leadership.

2. A summary of its content

The work gives guidelines for developing transformational leaders and with an eye toward developing leadership programs, defines organizational transformation as "an on-going process of knowing present realities, identifying future ideals, and developing and implementing a process for transforming organizations."

3. For what type of audience the work is written

The work was written for organizations and human resources departments.

4. Its relevance to the topic

The material is relevant to leadership and management in that it attempts to define transformation and delineate steps in a concrete program for developing transformational leaders.

5. Any special or unique features about the material

The material is unique in that it explores the roots of transformation, leadership and organizational goals in order to give usable guidelines for developing a transformational leadership program.

6. The strengths, weaknesses or biases in the material

It is strong in that the author clearly has an understanding of transformation, leadership and organizational goals. It is weak/biased in that the author's bases for steps and conclusions is very limited to a few literary sources and no specifically designed research study.

6-Waterman, H. (2011). Principles of 'servant leadership' and how they can enhance practice. Nursing Management, 17(9), 24-26.

1. The purpose of the work

The work advances the concept of servant leadership in healthcare and social care, and its effects on service, which is what leaders do, community, which is the population for whom leaders perform, and vision, which unites both service and community.

2. A summary of its content

The material applies the concept of "servant leadership," which is in some ways a spiritual concept, to imbue healthcare and social care with a unifying, uplifting vision that enhances both healthcare and community. It also gives the characteristics of a servant leader.

3. For what type of audience the work is written

The work is written for nurse leaders and the nursing profession.

4. Its relevance to the topic

This is relevant to leadership and management in that it takes on a larger, encompassing spiritual view of servitude for effective service, which enhances community according to a unifying vision.

5. Any special or unique features about the material

This is unique in that it imbues nurse leadership with an encompassing spiritual quality that can be lacking in mere business leadership models.

6. The strengths, weaknesses or biases in the material

It is strong in that the concept of servant leader has a long, well-established basis in spirituality that further ennobles nurse leadership. Its weaknesses/biases stem from its nearly exclusive reliance on the spiritual model without sufficient attention to the nuts-and-bolts application and development of nurse leadership skills.

7-Wong, A., & Laschinger, H. K. S. (2012). Authentic leadership, performance, and job satisfaction: The mediating role of empowerment. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 69(4), 947-959.

1. The purpose of the work

Researchers reported the results of a study that tested the relationship of managers' authentic leadership with nurses' concepts of structural empowerment, performance and job satisfaction.

2. A summary of its content

The study results supported the…