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¶ … Marx, Sartre (Existentialism), and Skinner (Behaviorism) apply in the business sense (organizational ethics)?
On the surface, it might seem counter-intuitive to assert that two of modern capitalism's most dedicated opponents and critics, Karl Marx and Jean Paul Sartre, could provide advice for a manager in a contemporary organization. But by listening to their criticisms, a manager can help counteract exploitative workplace influences and create a more positive and productive environment.
For example, one of Karl Marx's primary criticisms of capitalism was that workers manufactured more than they could ever need or use, and received only a wage in return. This meant that workers were alienated from the product they produced, and felt little sense of accomplishment or connection to what they created, in contrast to workers in agricultural times. Factory workers slaved on property rented out by an owner who did not labor with his hands. The owner merely collected rent and/or used the property and the worker's bodies to make a profit for himself. Sartre discussed the radical alienation of modern human beings from modern society, noting that previous social bonds had been severed by industrialization, and human beings were terribly, radically free of old ethical systems in a manner that was profoundly disturbing. Humans had to learn to use freedom in a positive, rather than a negative fashion, said Sartre.
A modern manager, cognizant of such critiques, thus must try to create a workplace where a sense of connection to the product, place, and community is fostered. For example, at Google, workers are encouraged to use company time and equipment to pursue their own projects. Google is a place where workers can eat free meals, take free fitness classes, and combine work and pleasure. This creates a sense of togetherness, rather than fosters angst, alienation and exploitation. Skinner's concept of behaviorism, or rewarding positive behavior, is transformed so that giving back to the organization with creative input and ideas is reinforced. Google's mindset shows a sophisticated evolution beyond the concept of giving a worker a crude 'carrot' in the form a small bonus when he or she succeeds in fulfilling a mechanical objective like producing a particular number of widgets.
Childhood phobias usually disappear before adulthood. However, those that persist into adulthood rarely go away without treatment." (Gersley, p. 1) This imposes a considerable responsibility upon the mental healthcare community find ways of identifying the roots causes of phobias and altering the behavioral patterns that cause these phobias to become ingrained. Hickey (2009) indicates that these root causes are often of a traumatic nature and that subjects tend to engage
Behaviorism in the 20th Century System of Psychology Behaviorism The purpose of this work is to provide an outline of Behaviorism, which, is a major system of psychology in the 20th Century. Further the work will provide a substantive treatment of the supportive and critical perspectives associated with the system. Finally this work will include the applications of dualistic activity vs. monistic passivity, source of knowledge: self-generative vs. sensory and mentalism vs.
Behaviorism activity: Written -- Behaviorism Essay Context: Behaviorism a great impact Core Knowledge Planning Objectives philosophies. In assignment, expand discussion earlier activity fully articulate behaviorism impacted philosophies. Behaviorism and its influences According to E.D. Hirsch, the content of education does matter when educating children. Contrary to the notion that students merely need to 'learn how to learn' and subject matter is irrelevant, Hirsch's concept of Core Knowledge is that certain aspects of cultural
Skinner also proposed a full social model of an ideal society based on his principles of behaviorism. The growth of cognitive psychology (aided in no small part by advances in neuroscience and medicine) has served to both discredit many behaviorist claims and to bolster the theory in the eyes of some through an incorporation of cognitive theories (Graham 2010; Mills 1998). Focusing explicitly on how the mind processes, stores, and
Behaviorism and Childhood Development: An Educator and Parent's Perspective "Haven't I told you a hundred times," says a parent to an errant child, "not to put your muddy shoes on the sofa!" Yes, a behaviorist might note, the parent has told the child to do so -- but the parent has not taught the child, only told the child. The act of telling the child not to muddy the sofa in
This interest was initially dispersed, being higher among some children and lower for the angrier and more depressive children. Still, with sustained efforts, the second category of children also registered an increase in its interest towards education. From the theoretical standpoint, this change can be explained by the efforts to stimulate children education. These efforts were directly made by the interns and the volunteers at the summer program, and