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¶ … Memory
In the spaces provided beneath the flowchart, list the term that corresponds with the definition in each box.
ABC/123 Version X
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Sensory memory
Meaningful organization
Short-term memory
Encoding
Storage
Grouping
Rehearsal
Association
Hopper, C. How memory works. PowerPoint. Retrieved from:
http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:BZ81rE0CqEcJ:college.cengage.com/collegesurvival/hopper/practicing_college/4e/prepare/ppt/hopper_ch04_how_memory_works.ppt+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us
Computing IQ Essay
Consider the following scenario:
Kara is 10 years old. She has been given an intelligence test. Her mental age is 13.
According to Sternberg, what is Kara's IQ? Conduct research and interpret her score.
Kara's IQ is 130. One formulation of an intelligence quotient is that of mental age and a child with a superior mental age to her actual years thus has a higher IQ. "Sternberg's discussions on intelligence are very different from a lot of others because he appears to think that other than a static score, intelligence is somewhat malleable and should take into consideration things like culture, gender, age, parenting style, personality, and schooling" (Wilson 2016). Although Kara's intelligence is high and indicates superior mental functioning in terms of "analytical, practical, and creative" ability it is also not absolute and a reflection of Kara's ability to use her potential as well as her innate ability (Wilson 2016).
Choose two theories of intelligence.
Write a 150- to 200-word discussion on the components of each theory, and how they differ in relation to Spearman's g factor.
Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences...
Rather than viewing intelligence in a homogeneous fashion, Gardner suggests that intelligence contains many frequently-ignored components, including musical and kinesthetic intelligence, which are frequently ignored within the context of the educational system of the United States. It is a "challenge" to "an educational system that assumes that everyone can learn the same materials in the same way and that a uniform, universal measure suffices to test student learning. Indeed, as currently constituted, our educational system is heavily biased toward linguistic modes of instruction and assessment and, to a somewhat lesser degree, toward logical-quantitative modes as well" (Lane 2008). Robert Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Human Intelligence views intelligence as more interrelated than Gardner's theory but also suggests that merely citing a raw general intelligence score is not enough to measure intelligence: "Sternberg contends that successful people learn to combine and use aspects from all three components of intelligence -- analytical, creative, and practical forms. It is not enough to be proficient in just one area -- there has to be interplay between all three" (Wilson 2016).
Learning and Intelligence
Write a 100- to 150-word response to each of the following questions.
Q1. Describe the main components of classical conditioning.
Classical conditioning requires the use of a stimulus which provokes a particular reaction which is then paired consistently with a neutral stimulus to provoke the same response. Through the pairing of the provoking, original stimulus with the neutral stimulus, eventually the neutral stimulus provokes the same response as the original stimulus. In Pavlov's classical experiment, a dog was trained to salivate at the sound of a bell by ringing a bell whenever food was presented (which naturally caused the dog to salivate). Even when there was…
References
Lane, C. (20008). Gardner's multiple intelligences. The Distance Learning Technology Resource Guide. Retrieved from: http://www.tecweb.org/styles/gardner.html
McLeod, S. A. (2010). Long-term memory. Simply Psychology. Retrieved from www.simplypsychology.org/long-term-memory.html McLeod, S. A. (2014). Classical Conditioning. Simply Psychology. Retrieved from www.simplypsychology.org/classical-conditioning.html
McLeod, S. A. (2015). Skinner - operant conditioning. Simply Psychology. Retrieved from www.simplypsychology.org/operant-conditioning.html
Paik, H. (2001). One intelligence or many? Alternative approaches to cognitive abilities. Personality Research.
http://www.personalityresearch.org/papers/paik.html
Wilson, L. (2016). Sternberg's view of intelligence. Second Principle. Retrieved from http://thesecondprinciple.com/optimal-learning/sternbergs-views-intelligence/
A psychologist named Ulric Nessier believes that flashbulb memories are formed because they represent an intersection of historical and personal trajectories, and this makes them events that people want to retell and rehearse again and again. It is through these rehearsals and retellings that inaccuracies manage to creep in, and as they are reinforced through repeated retellings they become just as much a part of the memories as the
Intelligence Charles Spearman and his General Intelligence Theory Spearman, a British psychologist, noted that individuals whose score on one mental ability test was excellent tended to maintain an impressive score in other tests as well (Nevid, 2012). On the other hand, those whose score on one cognitive test was unimpressive tended to perform badly in other tests administered. It is on the strength of this observation that Spearman concluded that being
According to him, a theory of intelligence can be adequately mapped with three components: analytic (academic) intelligence, creative intelligence, and practical intelligence. This theory accounts for both cognition and context is also referred as Sternberg's "triarchic" theory of human intelligence. According to Sternberg, intelligence has three aspects. These are not multiple intelligences, as in Gardner's scheme. Where Gardner viewed the various intelligences as separate and independent, Sternberg posited three integrated
Intelligence Testing Few concepts in psychology are more hotly debated than the idea of what constitutes human intelligence. The definition of intelligence has become part of current culture wars as well as an area of intense scientific debate. This paper examines one popular theory of intelligence, Howard Gardner's concept of 'multiple intelligences,' which has been proposed as an alternative to the theory of 'general intelligence,' or intelligence as a concept that
He stated that people are simply good at a variety of skills, although some individuals may have higher levels of specialized intelligences more in the spheres than others. ("Charles Spearman," Major Theories of Intelligence, 2004) in other words, a gifted musician can also be a gifted poet, but these are still different intelligences -- Spearman, in contrast, would suggest the two are interrelated. Spearman also came up with another term
While it is almost certain that intelligence ahs a neurological basis, the extent to which intelligence is determined by neurological and chemical changes is not fully understood. A recent study suggests that changing hormone levels prior to and during puberty have a large effect on intelligence; high salivary testosterone levels in ten-year-old boys showed a positive correlation with intelligence, but a negative correlation in twelve-year-olds (Shangguan & Shi 2009).