This paper focuses on Deportation of illegal migrant workers. By all these calculations and research it is obvious that deporting the illegal immigrants from USA having false or no documents is a really very expensive task. This task is not very expensive but also very doubtful and not feasible. To do this deporting of illegal immigrants from USA, unexceptional resources of deployment are required because this violation is spreading like plague in the US society. Therefore, very strong immigrants' courts are required to control this extreme situation of human rights violation.
Migrant Workers
Majority of the immigration policies are centralised and come from Federal level. However, local and state governments are taking more interest in solving problems related to immigration. Lately steps have been taken on local and state level to set up sanctuary cities, laws passed to prevent illegal immigrants to get a job and formation of official link between Immigrations and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and police departments (Johnson and Hill, 2011).
Majority of the policies have been passed by the local and state governments as a result of the failure of federal immigration policy and majority have aimed at limiting service of illegal immigrants. Four States call for every employer to authenticate the position of their employees while twenty-one states require state employers or contractors to use a federal electronic verification system (recognized as E-Verify) to find out every potential worker's legal position. The city of Mission Viejo in California has made it necessary to authenticate the position of their employees via E-Verify while Lancaster has made it mandatory for every worker to E-Verify (Johnson and Hill, 2011). .
However, there are several apprehensions related to E-Verify. This includes its appropriateness, its precision and whether using it would result in biased practices by the employers. According to PPIC research, Arizona's E-Verify system has resulted in the total number of illegal employees. However, due to this more illegal workers have started engaging in informal employment (Johnson and Hill, 2011).
For more than 15 years, efforts have been made at the federal level on the enforcement of border regulation. This, however, is not enough to resolve the issues related to unauthentic immigration. According to the PPIC research, it has been revealed that enhancing the restriction on the border by increasing the number of guards on the Mexican border and constructing fences along some parts of the border has stopped several prospective refugees. 33 But this restriction cannot be sustained due to the economic crunch being faced by different countries and another reason is the family relations that cause people to enter United States illegally. It is quite ironic as enforcement has increased the risk and expenditure of crossing the border line, several illegal refugees stay even longer. 34 Majority of the refugees who once entered U.S. repeatedly have now become permanent residents (Johnson and Hill, 2011).
Furthermore, this border regulation has no impact on the considerable rate of illegal immigrants who come to this country by legitimate means, for instance with a visit visa, and then stay for longer period of time or infringe the rules of their visa. Whether this increase in border security along with the scrutiny in the interior enforcement can result in sustained decreases in the number of refugees or not is yet to be seen. Virtually every policymaker and observer approve of the fact that our present federal immigration policies needs to be changed on an urgent basis. Congress has received numerous proposals to resolve the problem of illegal immigration. Several proposals focus chiefly on enforcement along with the placement of a fence on the U.S.-Mexico borderline and the refusal of citizenship to the children of illegal citizens even if they were born in America.
Other proposals aim at passing laws and reducing the cost for extraditing illegal citizens which reaches billions (Johnson and Hill, 2011).
Costs of Mass Deportation strategy
If mass extradition was followed then it would take many years to deport all illegal citizens. In order to calculate the entire cost of this strategy, it is assumed that a minimum of "ve-year will be taken.
Every cost mentioned in the sections above is conventionally calculated once in order to recognise and deport each illegal citizen from United States. Considering that these goals were achievable even then the government's order pertaining to immigration during and after mass extradition would not be eliminated.
It should be noted that there was a rise in enforcement budgets of about 80%. The initial FY 2005 budget was $9.5 billion and it reached up to $17.1 billion in FY 2010.
Continuing enforcement costs
The massive expenditure will remain a burden for current federal government and this would continue till five years even during the entire efforts of deportation. The expenditures include:
security of borders, entry posts and coastlines
Tracing and arresting individuals who are illegally overstaying their visa, violating the terms and conditions of entry or are committing crimes.
Efforts made to ban the entry of illegal arrivals.
Since the beginning of FY 2005, the expenditure on interior immigration and borders has risen rapidly. The enforcement budgets, including immigration and protection of border and custom, rose to almost 80% and reached $17.1 billion. The original budget was $9.5 billion in FY 2005. Another noteworthy thing is that the entire population also grew during this time reaching up to 10.8 million from 10.5 million. The population declined in December 2007 due to great recession (see Figure 1).
The enforcement efforts continued till 5 years but no improvement was seen. The number of undocumented immigrants continued to be the same as it was before. The federal government was not able to reduce or stop the entry of these immigrants. The CBP and ICE budgets were enough to prevent an increase in illegal immigrants but however, these were insufficient to reduce them. Despite the combination of fresh resources used to prevent the entry of undocumented immigrants, the federal board will still have to spend more to halt the entry of future illegal immigrants.
Figure 1: Taken from Fitz, M, Martinez, G. And Wijewardena, M. (2010)
The budget of IC and the CBP is required to be constant in order to make sure that proper interior and border resources are provided for the prevention of new entries and if they are allowed then appropriate checking and safety measures are taken to avoid law violation such as overstaying on the limited visa or illegal stay. Therefore, a considerable amount is allocated on this purpose. In U.S., the government has approved $11.4 billion budget for Custom and Border Protection, for Immigration and Customs Enforcement U.S. has assigned $507 billion in the year 2010. Thus, a total amount of $17.1 billion revised in the 2008 along with the deportation charges which was around $17 billion.
The budget of ICE and CBP also includes various other immigration-related resources like supporting contraband smuggling prohibition charges which could not be easily neglected from the infrastructural cost. Other than these resources the two main other fields on which the budget must be focused are U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. Thus, it is the high time that the ICE and CBP budget should be revised and should also include two most important programs of USCIS that are U.S.-VISIT and E-Verify. Therefore, practically it is proved that the ICE and CBP budget should be made and maintained properly including maximum enforcement resources for the running deportation time and further. Overall the budget is low and all that is said or believed understate the current enforcement costs which significantly required maintaining interior resources.
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