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¶ … Nursing
ISSUES WITH MORPHINE But misconceptions stand on the way of the effective use of these drugs, which the nurse must be able to answer satisfactorily in order to convince the patient and her son on the appropriateness of their use (Fine).
The importance of the proper management of pain in a patient with a terminal illness cannot be overstated (Broglio, 2008). Pain may not be the most common among the symptoms at the end-of-life stage, but it is what patients and their families fear the most. Unrelieved pain reduces the quality of life and of joy in what remains of that life. It triggers anxiety, depression, loss of hope and the sense of usefulness and worth and also obstructs important decision-making efforts. Family members want the final moments of their departing loved one to as peaceful and comfortable as possible. That is as far as possible from the pain of the approaching end. Pharmacotherapy is still the major approach to the management of pain at this stage of life. Opioids are the main category of painkillers used for such patients because of these painkillers' strength, their accompanying capability to appease fear and calm the patient down. They can also be administered through may routes. Opioids provide sufficient relief from pain in more than ae of terminally ill patients. The most commonly used opioid for terminal illness is morphine (Broglio).
Questions, Answers and Impact of Decisions on Morphine
The first objection to morphine is that it is highly addictive (Fine, 2007). Addiction to painkillers like morphine happens if the severity of the pain is not effectively addressed. Addiction may happen but not usually in terminal cases. It is a bigger concern for doctors if a family member, like the son in this case study, refuses the use of morphine for any reason than for the patient getting addicted to it. Another misconception is the confusion between physical dependence and addiction. Dependence occurs when the body adapts to a drug. Taking it for a long time will make the person dependent on it. Sudden withdrawal will trigger the abstinence syndrome, not addiction. Increased morphine dosage does not mean dependence but the progression of the disease Tolerance is believed to relate to dependence and addiction. More often, doctors suspect…
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Broglio, K. (2008). Pain management and terminal illness. Vol 8 # 4, Practical Pain
Management: Vertical Health. Retrieved on March 13, 2015 from http://www.practicalpainmanagement.com/resources/hospice/pain-management-terminal-illness
Fine, R.L. (2007). Ethical and practical issues with opioids in life-limiting illnesses.
Vol. 20 # 1, Journal in the Proceedings of the Baylor University Medical Center:
National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved on March 13, 2015 from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1769525
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