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One example of this is shown when explaining why people eat, aside for being a basic need; people eat as a form of interaction or in some instances for entertainment. People are motivated to eat because they enjoy doing it with the company of friends and family. Individuals are motivated to eat for other reasons that may include health consideration in particular. Motivation in this aspect is largely attributed to be an internally driven. Each individual has a different motivation in pursuing a certain goal. This motivation is manifested in the human will or volition; some writers see it as the human spirit. In times of difficulty that a person encounters, it is this internal motivation that surfaces which provides the person added strength to weather the storm. For instance, when the body encounters substantial physical and mental stress, the body secretes adrenaline resulting to a situation wherein the individual is motivated to play harder. Athletes do this by playing through their injuries and their motivation is to win the game.
Another source of motivation pertains to the presence of rewards or incentives. This premise is embodied by the rewards theory. This theory is related with the stimulus and response approach, a person behaves in accordance of a specific stimuli. Motivation is in this regard is seen from an external perspective, a person is motivated to do certain actions in response to its environment or to some external stimuli. In relation, this is positive reinforcement;...
In the same manner, students are motivated to study more if they are given incentives for higher grades. Individuals are motivated to work for the benefit of their organization when they see that their work output is compensated in a just manner. People in the office setting are motivated to work when they know that their superiors are giving them what is due to them, i.e. based on the merit system, when a worker exhibits hard work and dedication in his or her assigned duties, the worker is then rewarded relative to the value of work he or she turned in.
Motivation is a critical factor in determining and analyzing human behavior and action. A clearer understanding of motivation would give us the knowledge in rationalizing the value and implications of certain social behaviors and actions. From my discussion, motivation can be internally and externally conditioned, the synergy of these two factors is important to give us a more definitive perception of interpreting motivation.
References
Beck, Robert. (2000) Motivation: Theories and Principles. New Jersey Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.
Franken, Robert (1998) Human Motivation. New York: Brooks/Core Publishing Company.
Ford, Martin (1992) Motivating Humans. London: Sage Publications.
Houston, John (1985) Motivation. New York: Macmillan Publishing.
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The answer is all of them. They all hold true at some time for certain individuals. As an industrial psychologist the key task at hand is deciding which theory to apply in order to improve motivation at one's own workplace, or if working as a consultant, at the client's workplace. There is no clear answer or magic formula that will tell the industrial psychologist which theory to apply and at