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A secondary psychological problem that should be addressed is the man's evident agoraphobia, or fear of spending time in public or in wide, open spaces. Although this is not uncommon with individuals suffering panic disorders, special treatment as part of the therapeutic process might be valuable. The patient also has a history of previous mental disorders, including depression that should be monitored. Social isolation brought forth by panic and agoraphobia combined with depression could pose a serious risk to his personal safety, should the symptoms worsen. This is another reason that medication seemed to be the most advisable choice.
Identifying panic attacks as severely incapacitating the man's life, rather than occurring as a 'one-time' incident attached to a physical incident was only determined through intense but empathetic probing. Individuals may often misidentify the symptoms of a heart attack and feel frightened of what is mere indigestion. The more severe...
However, clinicians must always be careful that a diagnosis can be a blunt instrument, and does not fully take into consideration individual needs and personal history. Finally, regarding the symptoms of anxiety, it should be noted that some cultures are more willing to tolerate anxiety than others -- someone from a stoic culture that frowns on showing emotion who says he feels mild anxiety might need to be taken more seriously than someone from the dominant culture of the therapist.
(Book & Randall, 2002, p. 130) Both of these lines of research are ripe for additional investigation, as they seem to clearly complicate and possibly exacerbate the social affect of the disorder to a large degree and are secondary problems shared by many who experience the disorder. Other related disorders also give more clear insight into panic disorder, as post traumatic stress disorder has increased in severity as well as
The authors state, "underlying mechanism through which exposure to childhood abuse is associated with increased risk of panic cannot be determined based on these data alone" (p. 888). They offer several possible explanations. Exposure to abuse as a child may result in an extreme and realistic fear of threat to survival. This may be how panic disorder starts. Later, it may persist, or recur spontaneously, even without abusive conditions.
Apparent health can be generally positive or negative; in spite of how it links with the real health; it may be significant to comprehend its function in certain kinds of psychopathology. Negatively apparent health has been anticipated to symbolize a cognitive risk factor for panic disorder (PD), detached from elevated anxiety feeling. As a result, PD may be more likely to take place on a background of negative perceptions
The results were found to be similar with regards to the scales of RCMAS (a 37 item measure), STAIC (for the 20 item state scale measure only), CDI (a 27 item measure) and FSSC-R (an 80 item measure). The trait scale of STAIC showed a few variations but was not strong enough when the Bonferroni correction was applied. The CASI scale presented a higher occurrence in the second group
Taylor et al. (2006) investigated the effectiveness of an internet-based psychological intervention for the prevention of eating disorders among young women who may be at-risk due to their pronounced body weight and shape concerns. The results of the study indicated that individuals were less concerned about their weight following participation in the online program. Specifically, the 8-week, internet-based cognitive-behavioral intervention was found to significantly reduce concerns regarding shape and
Anxiety Disorders Diagnosis of anxiety disorders Diagnosis Differential diagnosis Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) Ethical issues in Psychopharamacology In this paper, we present an elaborate analysis of anxiety disorders involving symptoms, diagnosis as well as the differential diagnosis. The aim of this paper is however to discuss the Psychopharamacological of anxiety disorder with specific discussion of the medication for every case. The ethical considerations on Psychopharamacological are also presented. Anxiety disorders are noted by Oakley-Browne (1991) as