¶ … toddler's temperament, 2) the toddler's behavior, and 3) the unintentional injury. The toddler's temperament takes into account such traits as the toddler's activity level, impulsivity, discomfort, inhibitory control, attentional shifting, fear, high intensity pleasure and sadness. The toddler's behavior (as it concerns risky behavior) includes; the proximity away from the parent, a low latency to engage with a novel environment, play with new toys or a stranger, and a low number of social references to the toddler's parent (visual and auditory signals). The unintentional injury, of course, includes how often they occur as well as the severity of each incidence. One 2009 study determined that "biological risk at birth had adverse effects on Perceptual-motor and Social-adaptive developmental quotients (DQ's), and the easy temperament type had protective effects on Social-adaptive DQ's at the toddler age" (Hwang, Soong, Liao, 2009, p. 821). What is interesting about the Hwang...

study is that it shows that the temperament type "had protective effects." This study seeks to address the research gaps that have overlooked the child (toddler) in context regarding whether the toddler's behavior, interactions with adults and temperament are contributing factors to the amount and severity of incidence of accidents the toddler experiences.
What this study seeks to address are the gaps evident in today's research on the subject of the various influences on injuries that happen to toddlers. Previous literature may have overlooked items such as attention shifting, impulsivity and activity levels.

Other studies have found that ADHD puts children more at risk than their siblings who are unaffected and that risk taking was predicted cognitive and emotional fears. However, most of the studies researched for this paper dealt with adolescents who could be classified as older than toddlers. The literature on toddlers mishaps, injuries and events is…