Personalized medicine as a field started developing in response to the recognition that every person is different in terms not only of genetic and genomic information, but also in terms of his or her clinical and environmental information. The fact that all these areas are different for each person means that each person would respond to illness in a different way, including the onset and duration of the condition. For this reason, many professionals have begun to promote this type of medicinal practice as preferable to more traditional, general methods. According to the U.S. News (2012), personalized medicine functions on the premise that each disease is treated on an individualized level. Because the disease manifests itself in an individualized way, it is believed that the treatment should receive sufficient attention to also be individualized. Logic suggests that such a method of treatment would be more effective. To do this, the individual's unique clinical, genetic, genomic, and environmental information is investigated to make predictions about the person's susceptibility to disease, how the disease manifests and runs its course, and what the response to treatment would be. Some areas in which personalized medicine has been used include cancer research, where individuals have been tested for their potential response to certain cancer drugs.

In 2003, the concept of personalized medicine received a significant boost when the sequencing of the human genome provided insight into the biological working of medical conditions. This was an unprecedented development...

Because this is a relatively recent discovery, personalized medicine has not yet become a standard component of clinical practice. However, many professionals are conducting active research into the area.
There are several potential advantages to personalized medicine. One of these is the ability to make more informed decisions regarding one's health and treatment, including preventing possible future diseases. There is also a higher probability of success when treatment is more targeted towards the individual's specific needs and pathologies. On the other side of the coin, there is also a reduced probability of negative or harmful side-effects, especially in cases where treatments can be harsh, such radiation therapy for cancer patients. In the same area, personalized medicine also makes it possible to more accurately predict the probability of disease and focus on prevention rather than reacting once the disease is there. This also creates a higher probability of success once a strategy is used. A further effect of this is earlier disease intervention as well as reduced medical costs, because earlier and more effective treatment decisions can be made.

Genomic and personalized medicine focus on the investigation of the above-mentioned personal factors on individuals in terms of severe, complex diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and diabetes. Although the medical community in the past assumed that these diseases were influenced by environmental factors and the human…