PICOT Statement for Type 2 Diabetes Management of Asian-Americans

PICOT Question for Management of Type 2 Diabetes of Asian-Americans Diabetes is a lifestyle disease that affects the method the body handles glucose in the blood. Presently, more than 27 million people have been diagnosed of type 2 diabetes in the United States while more than 86 million people are suspected having pre-diabetes problem. The symptoms of type 2 diabetes are blur vision, wounds that are unable to heal, always being thirsty, and feeling worn out.

Poor diet is one of the major causes of type 2 diabetes, and people who eat too much of highly processed carbs, saturated fats, red meat, processed met, and sugary drink have high risks of having type 2 diabetes. One of the major strategies to prevent and manage type 2 diabetes is to eat right type of food by avoiding taking highly processed carbs, red meat, processed and saturated fats. It is also necessary to avoid taking sugary drink.

Despite the benefits that type 2 diabetes patients can derive from eating the right food, cultural barrier is one of the major problems that hinders a quality care for type 2 diabetes. Essentially, the United States composes of diverse ethnic groups and Asian-Americans have some different type of foods that can hinder the management of type 2 diabetes. Objective this project is to use PICOT question to answer how the Asian-Americans with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes perceive barriers to implement dietary and lifestyles changes.

PICOT Question The paper provides the PICOT question to enhance a greater understanding on the method Asian-Americans with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes perceive barriers to implement dietary and lifestyles changes. PICOT Question The PICOT question is a tool that distills essential components of a research concept and research topic. The findings provide the medical information that assists in breaking down the research topic.

The PICOT question is: "How do Asian-Americans with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes perceive barriers to implementing dietary and lifestyles changes to reduce A1C levels in the first 3 months after diagnosis"? P- (Population) - Asian-Americans newly diagnosed for type 2 diabetes. I- (Intervention) -- Implement dietary and lifestyle changes. C- (Comparison ) -- A1C levels before and after lifestyle and dietary modifications. O- (Outcome) -- Reduction of A1C levels. T- (Time frame) - 3 months after initial diagnosis.

PICOT Statement Management of type 2 diabetes for Asian-Americans newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes has been problematic (P) because of cultural attachment to Asian food that can aggravate their diabetes. Food therapy and health education are the effective strategies to make Asian-Americans eat right type of food (I), which can assist them managing their disease (C) and live the normal life (O) within 3 months (T).

The PICO statement reveals that health practitioners has faced challenges to provide a quality care type 2 diabetes patients because culture has been identified as a setback to provide care for Asian-Americans diagnosed of type 2 diabetes. (Tripp-Reimer, Choi, Kelley, et al. 2007). Typically, adherence to cultural foods has made Asian-Americans diagnosed with type 2 diabetes to face challenges in managing their disease. With respect to the therapy and nutritional intervention for the type 2 diabetes, adherence to health and food literacy is an effective strategy to manage the type 2 diabetes. (Deng, Zhang, & Chan, 2013).

Tripp-Reimer, Choi, Kelley, et al. (2007) argue that many Asian-Americans still attach to the concept of acculturation, which is the process by which Asian-Americans attach to the cultural patterns that include beliefs, language and religions. Essentially, the acculturation affects eating patterns and dietary behaviors of Asian-Americans. (Deng, Zhang, & Chan, 2013). While the nutritional therapy has been identified as an effective strategy to manage type 2 diabetes, however, dietary management is difficult to achieve among Asian-Americans.

The accumulated evidence also reveals that many Asian-Americans diagnosed with type 2 diabetes do not follow the dietary routing as well as lifestyle routing because of their strong cultural belief. A survey carried out by Xu, Pan, Liu, (2011) reveals more than 50% of Asian-Americans still adhere to cultural foods making half of Asian-Americans diagnosed with type 2 diabetes to attach to the traditional food. Essentially, dietary acculturation has been identified as a risk factor for patients with type 2 diabetes. The acculturation has negative health effects on Asian-Americans with type 2 diabetes.

For example, "A dependence on Asian staple foods could be challenging to Asian immigrants with type 2 diabetes in western countries because these foods are not appreciated by western health service providers and educators" (Chesla Chun, Kwan, 2009 p 1812). Effective nutritional education is an effective strategy that Asian-Americans diagnosed with type 2 diabetes can use to manage their disease. Many Asian-American patients still adhere to the traditional food because of lack of nutritional knowledge. Thus, health literacy is the solution to manage their health risks.

Health literacy is " a wide range of skills and competencies that people develop over their lifetimes to seek out, comprehend, evaluate, and use health information and concepts to make informed choices, reduce health risks, and increase quality of life" (Deng, Zhang, & Chan 2013 p 106). In the United States, English is the first obstacle that many Asians face when they arrive the United States. Fundamental English literacy skills that include reading, speaking, numeracy and writing are very critical for diabetes management.

Moreover, proficiency in English can assist Asian-Americans to communicate effectively with healthcare professionals about their disease. If large number of Asian-Americans with diabetes are proficient in English, they will be able to manage their diabetes effectively by adhering to the right type of food. PART II This section provides summarize of peer-reviewed articles related to the research topic.

Deng, Zhang, & Chan, (2013) argues that Asian immigrant with type 2 diabetes face challenges to manage their disease because of their attachment to the traditional Asian food, which is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Health education is an effective strategy to change their nutritional behaviors. Marguerite, & Edward, (2004) believe that Asian-Americans face high risks of type 2 diabetes in the United States. The behavioral modification systems is the strategy to lower BMI of Asians, and reduce prevalence of diabetes of Asian-Americans by 60%. Tripp-Reimer, Choi, Kelley, et al.

(2007) point out that health practitioners often face challenges to care for Asian-Americans new diagnosed with type 2 diabetes because of their cultural.