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Communication between individuals on the force varies considerably. There is a strict hierarchy in the force, as most people are aware of, claims Officer Friendly. Thus, a person does not speak to their superiors the same way as to coworkers or subordinates. It is important to maintain this hierarchy because it helps the officers have a chain of command that includes respect for authority. Without authority, there would be too much dissention when making critical decisions. Decisions in the force are life/death decisions, notes the officer. There is no room or time for democratic discussions. Officers need a clear chain of command so that decisions are swift and authoritative. To carry out the functions of modern police work, all cops must work together and be on the same page. There is a great degree of collaboration, in spite of the hierarchy. "Officers need to work together, we're in this together," Officer Friendly stated.
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Other special units need to be informed continually of what is going on, and how investigations are proceeding. The need for communication in law enforcement is "tantamount" to other types of issues in the subculture, states Officer Friendly. Communication means that all information is shared openly. It also means that reports are filled out consistently and in a manner according to proper procedure. When law enforcement officers communicate with each other, they can reduce casualties and maximize successful arrests. Working as a collective force in the criminal justice system ensures the safety of all citizens in the community, which is why Officer Friendly also advocates cooperation and communication with citizens. "Modern policing," states Officer Friendly, "must be legitimate through interactions with community members."
Police Subculture The set of beliefs, attitudes, and behaviour followed by the members of law enforcement constitutes what is referred to as police subculture. Owing to the nature of their job, most police officers tend to view members of the general public as potential suspects, untrustworthy and even potentially hostile. Police officers expect support from their colleagues. Consequently, the "us versus them" scenario is created; where "us" refers to the police
Police Reform in Post-Authoritarian Brazil A majority of new democracies entail an unbelievable illogicality of an immensely feeble citizenship coalesced with a stern description of the constitutional guarantees. In order to explicate this disparity it would be prudent to contemplate the significance of political institutions regarding representation of citizen, which were prevalent subsequent to the military establishments attributed as troublesome and a majority of the new restrictions. A few defined in
374). It has been assumed that despite these internal cultural differences, overarching political similarities, shared history, or an interest in national diversity would be enough to unite the Canadian people under a single identity. However, Kymlicka's (2003) close examination of the national and international has illustrated that they are largely shared by most modern, Western nations. Any presumed Canadian uniqueness is largely mythical (p. 368). Of course, mythology can be
According to Rohe and his colleagues, though, "Over time, however, there has been a tendency for departments to expand their programs to involve a larger number of officers and to cover wider geographic areas. Besides these special units, a number of police departments also expect all of their officers to embrace the principles of community policing and to undertake at least some community problem-solving activities" (Rohe et al., 1996,
(1990) Municipal Government Involvement in Crime Prevention in Canada. This work provides insight into the way that municipal government interacts with the police in the organization of crime prevention structures and the delivery of crime prevention services and activities. (Hastings, 1990, p. 108) The idea of municipal government interaction in crime prevention is shown to have been spurred on in Canada by "....the successes of locally organized and community-based initiatives
Organized Crime Popular culture portrayals of organized crime are sordidly romantic. Like medieval royalty, mob families appear tyrannical and noble at the same time. The kingpins are usually kind if ruthless. They love their families and protect them at any cost. Like kings, mob bosses reign over a specific territory and usually respect their competitors and their boundaries. Like medieval nobility, organized crime has hereditary lineage, and sons inherit a title