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Political Science
Federalist Papers 10 and 51
The Federalist Papers were written between 1787 and 1788 to urge the American people to ratify the American Constitution. James Madison wrote Papers 10 and 51, and most people believe 10 is the most important of all the 85 papers. These papers show how the founding fathers viewed government and how far-reaching their ideas were at the time.
Paper 10 talks about how the country and fledgling government can guard against "factions" or citizen groups that have interests that are opposing to others' rights or the best interests of the entire community. Madison felt that one, large republic would be a better way to manage factions, rather than many small republics (like the states we have today). Many people think that 10 does not advocate partisan political parties. Number 51, on the other hand, talks about appropriate checks and balances in the government and promotes the separation of powers within the national government that still exists today, as well. While 10 may be the most important paper, 51 is the one that is still most often cited.
The differences between the two papers are easy to spot. Ten talks about something that plagues the government and political parties today, and Madison's ideas about how to avoid those problems was largely ignored in the Constitution. The political parties did not exist at first, but they started up rather quickly, and there were contentions between them from the start. Fifty-one, on the other hand, advocates separation of power between the elements of government, and those separations are still largely in place, which can keep one faction of government from growing too powerful and influential. Thus, the ideas of 51 were used and are still in use, while those of 10 were not, and the country may be suffering as a result. The Bush Administration has tried to overthrow some of the balance of powers to make the President more powerful, but largely, 51 is still important, and 10 could have been even more important if it was adhered to by the founding fathers.
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