Macrophages also stimulate the production of white blood cells, particularly neutrophils. As these neutrophils die, they (along with dead cells, dead bacteria, and white blood cells) form a whitish material called pus. The appearance of pus indicates the body is attempting to fight the infection. The tissue that results depends on the extent of the injury. If the injury is minor, the damaged tissue is replaced when fibroblasts form new collagenous tissue that heals the wound. Additionally, growth factor released by the connective tissue matrix stimulates the regeneration of tissue. However, if the wound is more extensive, scar tissue may result. Scar tissue is composed of collagenous tissue which is formed as a result of granulations developing in the damaged tissue.

D) as much as possible in your own words: What is prolotherapy? What does the physician do to the site of the damaged tissue? Why is it called proliferation therapy? How does prolotherapy relate to the above questions regarding the inflammation response and tissue repair?

Because of the lack of blood supply, and due to the use of anti-inflammatory...

Through the use of proliferation therapy (prolotherapy), the injured connective tissue is "tricked" into producing an inflammatory response. Proliferation means rapid growth or reproduction of cells. This reproduction of cells is stimulated when physicians inject a substance into the injured area. This substance is mildly irritating, consisting usually of a concentrated sugar solution, lidocaine, and sometimes growth factors. The injections produce an inflammatory response, which promotes healing. In addition, growth factors stimulate the regeneration of new tissue, which can strengthen tendons and ligaments even years after the injury has occurred. The injections, which occur over several months, have also been shown to assist in healing cartilage by strengthening fibrous connective tissue.