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In terms of politics, the Catholic Church was both a political and religious institution. As a political institution, it was imperative for the Church to maintain its number of devotees. Hence, while the philosophy of humanism inspired many reformation attempts, these were also driven by the need for more Catholic worshipers, and hence for more political power. When politicians turned away from Catholicism, however, this became a problem.
Probably the most successful as well as most sincerely spiritual reform within the Catholic Church was the Society of Jesus, established by Ignatius of Loyola (388). Loyola began his reform during a painful recovery from a war injury. With a large amount of time to devote to reading, Loyola began to study writings regarding the personal search for Christ. He sincerely dedicated his life to be a soldier of Christ, and as such devoted a writing of his own to this new direction of thought. For him, the search for Christ was inherent...
In a political sense, this discouraged devotees from leaving the Catholic Church in search of a more personal path towards divinity.
From the above, it can be seen that it is impossible to separate organized religion from the society and politics within which it operates. Political and religious institutions are necessarily either in agreement for the purpose of power, or in conflict for the same reason. Religious and political leaders alike tend to search for power rather than spiritual sincerity in their attempts to lead their subordinates.
While the Reformation was therefore inspired by spiritual insights gained by individuals, it nevertheless became a broader movement of politics and social issues as well. The hardship, wars and other social issues of the time served as much as ideological evolution to shape the Reformation both within and outside of the Catholic Church.
Finally, the rise of science and technology due to industrialization militated against institutionalized religion (Bruce, 2002, p. 18). As people became more educated and reliant on science and technology in their everyday lives and work lives, religious disagreements with science and led people to abandon institutional religions as unscientific and backward. People knew that science and technology worked; therefore, religious arguments against science and technology tended to be rejected.
EDSE 600: History and Philosophy of Education / / 3.0 credits The class entitled, History and Philosophy of Education, focused on the origin of education and the "philosophical influences of modern educational theory and practice. Study of: philosophical developments in the Renaissance, Reformation, and revolutionary periods; social, cultural and ideological forces which have shaped educational policies in the United States; current debates on meeting the wide range of educational and social-emotional
The Reformation altered forever medieval life in Western Europe and initiated the era of modern history (Reformation pp). Although the movement is generally dated from the early 16th century during Luther's era of defying Church authority, the conditions that led to this revolution actually existed for hundreds of years and involved complex doctrinal, political, economic, and cultural elements (Reformation pp). The German scholar and religious reformer Melanchthon authored a conciliatory statement
Technology and Society Introduction The relationship between technology and society is pivotal in the development of the modern era: so much of the world has been shaped by advancements in technology over the past 500 years that today’s society resembles little of what the world was like prior to when the printing press or gunpowder were invented. This paper will look at two inventions—the printing press, invented by Johannes Gutenberg in 1440,
Eucharist in Catholicism and Calvinism Our word "Eucharist" is derived directly from the Greek of the New Testament: etymologically, it derives from the word for grace (charis) with a prefix (eu) meaning "good" or "well," but the original Greek word "eucharistia" means, simply enough, "thanksgiving" -- like our word "thanksgiving" it is a noun that derives originally from an equivalent verb describing the action involved (i.e., the giving of thanks). The
Jesus to Luther A Review of the Course "From Jesus to Luther" Key Ideas of the Course The key ideas of the course were those which were emphasized by each of the ten sessions. Each session helped break the history of Christianity into sections, beginning with Christ Himself and how He was the fulfillment of the Old Testament prophecies. I found Fulton Sheen to be a complementary source when it came to