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¶ … rights of juveniles in regard to criminal proceedings have been highly debated for a number of years. It is an issue that continues to be debated and the likelihood is that it will remain so. Needless to say, juveniles charged with criminal offenses do not have the same constitutional rights as those afforded adults facing similar charges. In fact, it is has been only in the past several decades that juveniles had any due process rights at all. Beginning in the mid-1960s, the courts began recognizing the need for providing juveniles with some of the same rights given to adults but the granting of these rights came about only after a shift in policy by the courts.
Traditionally, juveniles that became involved in criminal behavior were not charged with violating a criminal statute. Instead, the states set up special courts, usually identified as juvenile courts that handled juveniles as being involved in a civil action as opposed to a criminal one. This treatment resulted in juveniles being considered as delinquent and not as a criminal. This approach was considered to be more beneficial for the juvenile and avoided the juvenile being labeled as a criminal. The approach grew out of the concept...
This means that the rights granted to juveniles differ from state to state. Some states afford juveniles more rights than others but there are several rights that have been applied to all the states through the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
The first right that has been applied to all juvenile proceedings is that the police must have probable cause to search and arrest a minor. This requirement applies only to searches initiated by the police and to situations where the juvenile is suspected of violating a criminal statute. Because of the nature of special relationships that certain individuals, such as teachers, have with juveniles that place them in a quasi-parental position such individuals may conduct searches of…
References
Holtz, L.E. (1973). Miranda in a Juvenile Setting: A Child's Right to Silence. The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 534-556.
In re Gault, 387 U.S. 1 (U.S. Supreme Court 1967).
Jenkins, R. (2002). An Historical Approach to Search and Seizure in Public Education. Washington State University Law Review, 105- 122.
Juvenile Justice
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Juvenile Justice The Juvenile Criminal Justice System Juvenile courts and detention separate from adult courts is a relatively new concept (ABA, 2010). Before the turn of the twentieth century, the cases for individuals of all ages were managed by the same criminal and civil courts, and the same sentences were handed out to all parties. Of course, this has changed to a great extent since 1899 in the United States, but there
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