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Rome
Following the collapse of the Roman Empire, monasteries became a vital institution in Europe in the Middle Ages. One reason for their crucial role was the continuation of the Roman culture effects in Byzantine, in Constantinople. When western Rome fell, the culture moved to the east. However, the emperors and leaders in this new Byzantine Empire were Christian, so were able to continue the monasteries' cultures.
Further, the bishops of Rome remained in place following the fall of Rome, and many of the invaders of Rome respected these leaders, since they were at least marginally Christian themselves. Thus, as the invaders began to have disputes, they often appealed to the bishops of old Rome for resolution, and in this way, the bishop became the political and spiritual leader of post-fallen Rome. In addition, the Church had long been responsible for the conversion and education of the public, and this role continued beyond the fall of Rome. Since the invaders generally had little formal education, the monasteries were primarily responsible for their learning.
Still another aspect of the monasteries that improved their standing following the fall of Rome was the sophistication and knowledge of and experience in human affairs that the monastery had come to represent. Literature, learning, and scholarly life wad preserved within the monastery, even while the previous areas of Rome were left in disarray.
Perhaps most importantly, the monasteries began to give hope to those devastated by the fall of Rome. Individuals who had once been prosperous now found themselves destitute, and the religious beliefs of the monasteries provided hope for eternal life and salvation. Further, these monasteries provided health care to the wounded or ill, and used these circumstances to further their religious agenda.
Through their cultural maintenance, political status, scholarly ways, and promises of eternal life, the monasteries were able to secure a position in the world following the fall of Rome. Further, through their relations with society in terms of health care and learning, the monasteries held a crucial role in the history of Europe.
References
McKay, J., Hill, B., Buckler-Ebrey, P. (2004). History of World Societies. Boston, MA: Houghton-Mifflin Company.
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