Critics of Title XI argue that by requiring institutions of higher learning to provide equal funding and equal opportunities for men and women is not valid, because there is less public interest, amongst both men and women, in collegiate sports. But such thinking shows how Title IX "threatens the privileged male culture of athletics by challenging assumptions that activities, money, and fame belong to men. Through Title IX, many women have concluded that they have the right to expect equal treatment in athletics. Assumptions of equality -- when they challenge a privileged world -- inevitably create angst and anger. Universities where discrimination against women athletes is substantially greater...find it exceedingly difficult to state that women athletes are as important as men...To the big athletic schools. Title IX can seem like a challenge to bowl games, March Madness, and alumni enthusiasm." (Lazerson, Marvin & Ursula Wagener, 1996, p.8)
It may indeed be the case that there are some losers because of Title IX, like less popular male varsity sports who have seen their funding cut back, because school funds must be equally distributed, even to less popular female teams. But this is not necessarily the fault of Title IX alone, but also the fault of the university emphasis on a few, large, money 'male' sports like football and basketbal. Moreover, a sports fan base takes more than a generation or two to build, as female athletes of the current generation have only had role models for excellence since the late 20th century. For centuries, women were discouraged from participating in athletics at all, because...
Title IX and its Impact on Collegiate Athletics Among the more influential pieces of federal legislation to spring forth from the heady days of America's civil rights movements is Title IX of the 1972 Education Amendments. This critical provision, officially found under Section 20 of the United States Code, states unequivocally that "No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied
The Social issue Even if all colleges and universities correctly apply Title IX to give men and women equal opportunities, which may not be sufficient to meet Title IX's proportionality requirements. Title IX has only been in effect about 35 years; not sufficient to effect a cultural change for women and sports. Therefore, it is to be expected that women may not seek to participate in sports at the same level
S. Congress went ahead and passed the Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1988, furthermore recognized as the Grove City Bill, over a rejection by President Ronald Reagan (Priest, 2003). That rule abolished Grove City College v. Bell and then made the bill plainly obvious that if any part of a school makes the decision to accept federal aid, then every part of the school will then be subject to Title
To that extent, an attempt is made to get a balanced legal perspective by employing at least two bodies of legal expertise. Ann Weatherall, like Harrimon, will be utilized to gain a supporting and, or, contrasting social, environment, political and relationship perspective on gender equity. Weatherall approaches the issues by looking at several different facets of information than does Hariman. In this way, we get an expanded view of those
Ancient as Egypt Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, 20 U.S.C.S. § 1681-1688 law established in 1972 was a groundbreaking law prohibiting sex-based discrimination in much of education. 20 U.S.C.S. § 1681(a) states that "no person in the United States shall on the basis of sex be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving
Awareness of legal considerations and implications can help educators follow what the law requires and avoid legal entanglements (Imber & Van Geel, 2004). 4. How are legal issues and financial issues related in education? Legal issues are related to financial issues in education because if the school gets sued for a legal infraction committed by a staff member, then the school could end up in serious financial trouble. Schools have very
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