Self-Efficacy Theory Describe Theory Rationale Selecting Theory.

Self-Efficacy Theory

Describe theory rationale selecting theory. 2. Discuss theory works support proposed solution. 3. Explain incorporate theory project.

Self-efficacy theory and the promotion of hand-washing

According to the Centers for Disease Control, hand-washing is one of the most important ways in which to curtail the spread of a wide range of infections and bacteria. Hand-washing can reduce the risks of contracting the common cold, influenza, and other viruses (Wash your hands, 2012, CDC). It can also lessen the chances that bacteria such as E.coli and salmonella will be transmitted from the preparer of food to the diner, or that contaminants from raw poultry and other meats will be spread to fruits, vegetables, and other components of the meal. Hands should be washed thoroughly after preparing food, using the toilet, dealing with animals or children, or handling garbage. But many people fail to take this simple step.

Hand-washing is one of the ideal ways to promote better health because unlike some other measures, it can be practiced by the individual, without assistance from healthcare providers. Stressing the importance of good hand hygiene can give people a sense of empowerment, according to self-efficacy theory. Self-efficacy is defined as "the belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to manage prospective situations" (Cherry 2012). People often feel helpless in the face of preventing illnesses, and assume that something as simple as hand-washing offers little in the way of protection. By stressing the importance of how properly washing one's hands can have a material effect, public health campaigns can counteract this type of thinking.

Additionally, for hand-washing to be preventative, it must be conducted in an effective manner. It is not enough to merely run water over one's hands and hope for the best. The CDC suggests lathering the hands with soap under water and running the water for at least twenty seconds (approximately the duration of time it takes to sing 'Happy Birthday') (Wash your hands, 2012, CDC). Only if people gain a sense of efficacy over their behavior will they undertake the consistent behavioral change of washing their hands frequently.