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Sigmund Freud’s theory of personality and the structure of the human mind have been among the most influential in all of the social sciences. Freud had a tremendous influence on his contemporaries like Carl Jung and also Alfred Adler, and also went on to influence the next generation of psychologists, culminating in Neo-Freudian psychology and modern psychoanalysis (Funder, 2016, G-7). Jung, Adler, and others then went on to develop their own psychological theories and practices, whereas some followers of Freud became more entrenched in the psychoanalytic tradition, which uses a specialized form of talk therapy that focuses on the patient’s early childhood.
Freud’s methods initiated what has become nearly synonymous with psychotherapy: talk therapy. Free association, hypnosis, dream analysis, and other methods are used to help a patient bring into conscious awareness that which lies buried in the unconscious mind. Freud would have treated mainly wealthy women—those who could afford his services and who benefitted from his unique approach to mental healing (Funder, 2016). Not all branches of psychology use the same techniques, but almost all acknowledge that talk therapy has a role to play in psychological healing (Funder, 2016, p. 345).
It is not just on the therapist’s...
Freud’s theories have influenced everything from philosophy to literary criticism (“Sigmund Freud,” n.d.). However, Freud did not develop his theories in a vacuum. Freud was also a product of his time, and his ideas evolved within his cultural and historical milieu. Freud fled his native Austria because of Nazism, and lived through not just the atrocities of the Holocaust but also the horrors of the Second World War. Because of what Freud witnessed, he eventually developed his more pessimistic theories of the darkness that dwells in the human spirit: what Freud would conceptualize as the death wish as well as the innate tendency towards anger or aggression (Funder, 2016). His awareness of his own sexual urges also helped Freud develop his systematic theories like the Oedipus complex (“Sigmund Freud,” n.d.).
Funder (2016) points out that Freud’s theories came about in part as a result of the patients he had been seeing. A surprising number of Freud’s female patients had experienced childhood sexual abuse, often by their own fathers (Funder, 2016, p. 346). From working with these women and noting patterns in their psychosocial development Freud conceptualized his theory about the role sexuality plays in early…
References
Funder, D. C. (2016). The personality puzzle (7th ed.). New York: W.W. Norton & Co. “Sigmund Freud,” (n.d.). Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://www.iep.utm.edu/freud/
(Hobdell; Fordham, 1998) Freud also contributed to sociology and closely linked the works with psychoanalysis. The consideration that Freud's work is about individuals has alienated sociologists from considering the work as a sociological Inquiry. While the psychoanalysis was progressing and gaining ground in Europe and America, Sociologists were being influenced by the theories that related to socialization. This was more related to the gender roles in children, and about sexuality.
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