¶ … theory about something, but not many people realize exactly what defines a theory. While there are as many definitions of a "theory," "generally speaking, a theory is an abstract system of concepts with indications of the relationships among these concepts that help us understand a phenomenon." ("SPC3210, Chapter 1") When discussing a theory, it is important to understand that the application of a theory is dependent upon the level of generality. For instance, a theory about communications can apply to the all humans in general, or a specific group of people, or just very specific people in specific circumstances. But whether the theory is "Grand," "Mid-Level," or "Narrow," it must contain a number of specific goals which "can include explanation, understanding, prediction, and social change…." ("SPC3210, Chapter 1") Theories attempt to explain certain phenomena, then based on patterns recognized by the theory, predict something, and finally can cause social change based on the...
Furthermore, they not only allow for predictions about phenomena, but the ability to cause change in that phenomena. Therefore, human experience is often interpreted by whatever theory the individual is using, either consciously or not. This means that a person's experiences are dependent upon the actual circumstances of the moment, but also the way a person views that experience. And the way a person views a phenomena can be in one of three ways: positivistic, interpretive, or critical.
When one "assumes that objective truths can be uncovered and that the process of inquiry that discovers these truths can be, at least in part, value neutral," then one is following the "positivistic" approach. ("SPC3210, Chapter 1") Researchers using this approach strive for complete objectivity and control over the theoretical concepts. When…
