, 2001). At the same time, the theory is quite abstract, and implementation can be difficult without a great deal of self-awareness, self-confidence, and a thorough understanding of the non-concrete and theoretical underpinnings of nursing knowledge as it is constructed by these researchers (Chinn & Kramer, 2008; Fawcett et al., 2001). In order to implement this theory in nursing practice, the nurse practitioner must first take time to reflect on past and current learning experiences, which should of course be ongoing throughout the nurse's life (Chinn & Kramer, 2008). Through this reflection, the patterns of knowing and certain of the more detailed elements discussed by the researchers should become apparent to the nurse practitioner or student, and then these patterns can be increasingly identified in daily routines and practices. Implementing...

At this point, the theory will be fully integrated in practice.
Barriers and challenges to implementation are solely internal. Psychological and emotional barriers to specific types of learning might exist for individual nurses, and some patterns of knowledge are bound to feel more natural than others. Persistence and openness should overcome such barriers, however.

References

Chinn, P. & Kramer, M. (2008). Integrated theory and knowledge development in nursing. New York: Mosby.

Fawcett, J., Watson, J., Neuman, B., Walker, P. & Fitzpatrick, J. (2001). On…