Sign Up Now
Get instant access to over 1 million+ study documents
OR
Already registered? click here to login
By creating your account, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and student honor code.
It was assumed that this shock to the system also would bring a form of therapy in its wake.
As enterprise managers became conscious that they could no longer count on involuntary subsidies from the state budget, they would be required into producing goods that could be sold on real markets, at prices that would cover up their costs. It was anticipated that within a period of one-half of one year or so the changeover should be completed. From there on the Russian economy would be growing at a strong pace, and no more foreign economic support would be needed. By the summer of 1992 it became clearly obvious that the project was failing. Enterprises had acted in response to the government's austerity measures not by refining markets, but by developing a subsequently constant practice of non-payments and losses of government subsidies were met by reduced payments on due taxes and wages. Failures to receive payments from customers were met by refusals to pay suppliers and reduced government orders were met by reductions in output, but could not result in closures since there was no bankruptcy law.
It was also understandable that the related ambitions of bringing strength to government finance had met with equal failure. Price increases was spiraling out of control, ending up at well more than 2,000% for the year as a whole, and persistent deficits in the state budget would come to haunt the government for several years to come. There was mass poverty of the population, serious crumble of the country's infrastructure, and a general widening of the technology gap against the industrialized world....
In August 1998, a brewing economic crisis produced a substantial break down, leaving investors with tens of billions of dollars in losses.
In the policy debates that surrounded the preliminary breakdowns of fast general change, two different sides emerged. One side, representing many market analysts, argued that the reason behind the initial failures was linked to deficient distress. In their view, the collapse of 1998 actually was a good thing, laying the groundwork for the economic upturn in 2000 and 2001.
Results
Consequently, during the early 1990s Sachs recommended to the newly emerging economies of Eastern Europe, the former Soviet Union and Latin America that they too release all price controls, subsidies, sell off state assets and float their currencies in order to shake off the economic lethargy of the communist era. The shocks took the form of sudden drastic radical changes to the structure and incentives within economies (Klein, 2001). As a consequence of reforms, Poland and other countries reached a level of economic development consistent with the membership in the European Union.
References
Klein, N. (2001). The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism. New York:
Metropolitan Books, Henry and Holt Company.
Kolodko, G.W. (2000). From Shock to Therapy: The Political Economy of Postsocialist
Transformation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Combat Veterans With Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Although not limited to veterans, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) may be the single most significant mental health risk to veterans, particularly to those veterans that have seen combat. PTSD is an anxiety disorder, which occurs after a person has seen or experienced a traumatic event including, but not limited to: assault, domestic abuse, prison stay, rape, terrorism, war, or
Freeview Company / Re-Launch of Freeview Analysis of Interpersonal Skills Leadership Team Building Motivation Communication Influencing With over 19 million subscribers Freeview is the most subscribed or popular digital television service in the United Kingdom. Recently they launched Freeview Play enabling their subscribers even more control and choice. Freeview Play has a catch up TV feature, too. The greatest selling point for Freeview is the fact that it free. Subscribers do not have to pay anything to
Abstract This case conceptualization covers a weekly outpatient relationships group consisting of fifteen members, ages 25-50. All group members have been formally diagnosed with Generalized Anxiety Disorder and/or Depression, and some with more than one clinical disorder. Additionally, all members have attended this group for at least six months, most of whom attend regularly on a weekly basis. The case conceptualization includes background information on the clients, behavioral observations, clinical interpretations,
Psychological Interventions Chronic Pain Medical science is increasingly aligning with a biopsychosocial treatment perspective that understands pain and symptoms as coming from multifaceted experience characterized by the complexity that is inherently human (Roditi & Robinson, 2011). Many vectors come together in this biopsychosocial perspective: the physicological and emotional state of the individual tend to dominate, garnering most of the medical attention these variables align with conventional medical and behavioral training (Roditi
Grief is an emotion that all human beings are likely to feel at some time in their lives. For many the grief process can be lonely, confusing and prolonged. For this reason, psychologists have long sought ways to ease this process. Early on researchers found that various forms of art proved effective in aiding individuals in the grief process. This realm of treatment became known as "Expressive art therapies" and
These findings are truly alarming given the fact that fully 65% of the military personnel who have served in Iraq report a history of combat experience and these experiences can clearly result in physical and emotional injuries, with PTSD being expected to develop in between 5 and 15%, with other estimates ranging even higher (Gutierrez & Brenner, 2009). For instance, Gutierrez and Brenner cite the results of a recent