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¶ … Map of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Breast Cancer
Lifestyle
Eating Better
Cutting down on alcohol
Giving up Tobacco
Exercising
Controlling Stress
Medications/Surgical
Medications approved to treat breast cancer:
Abitrexate
Abraxane
Ado-Trastuzumab Emtansine
Afinitor et al. (National Cancer Institute, 2016).
Concept Map of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Breast Cancer
Breast Cancer
ETIOLOGY
Primary
The etiology of breast cancer remains mainly unidentified. Risk factors linked with breast cancer can be clustered into three comprehensive contributing factors: i. family history (hereditary) factors, ii. hormonal reproductive factors
environmental factors (DeBruin and Josephy, 2002).
Secondary
Polymorphisms of drug-metabolizing enzymes may influence risk of breast cancer from environmental chemicals, dietary agents, and endogenous steroids (DeBruin and Josephy, 2002).
BREAST CANCER
DIAGNOSIS
History/Physical
Lump or contour change
Skin tethering
Nipple inversion
Dilated veins
Ulceration
Paget disease
Edema or peau d'orange (Medscape, 2015)
Diagnostic/Lab Tests
Chest x-ray (CXR) Complete blood count (CBC)
Basic metabolic panel (BMP)
Lactate Urine analysis (UA)
Urine culture (UC)
Blood cultures x2 sites (Rischer, 2013)
PATHOGENESIS
Primary
When estrogen goes into the cell, it fixes the ER and the complex drifts into the nucleus and results in the production of transcription proteins that prompts changes in the cell. Consequently, owing to estrogen's proliferative features, its cellular stimulus can have adverse outcomes in patients conveying large amounts of these receptors intracellularly (Yager and Davidson, 2006).
Secondary
Contrivance of carcinogenesis continues to be mostly unidentified, but overexpression...
(2013). Unfolding Clinical Reasoning Case Study: Breast Cancer Content/Concept Map. Retrieved 3 February, 2016 from: http://www.keithrn.com/site/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Breast-Cancer-Content-Concepts-Map-for-Case-Study1.pdf
National Cancer Institute. (2016). Drugs Approved for Breast Cancer. Retrieved 3 February, 2016 from: http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/breast
DeBruin, L. S., & Josephy, P. D. (2002). Perspectives on the chemical etiology of breast cancer. Environmental health perspectives, 110(Suppl 1), 119.
Krans, B., Cafasso, J. (2015). Warning Signs of Breast Cancer. Healthline. Retrieved 3 February, 2016 from: http://www.healthline.com/health/breast-cancer/warning-signs#SignsandSymptoms3
Yager, J. D., & Davidson, N. E. (2006). Estrogen carcinogenesis in breast cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 354(3), 270-282.
DIAGNOSIS
History/Physical
Patient voiding diary
-Evidently low volume, force of urinary stream and flow rate
Digital Rectal Exam
-Reveals large rubbery and non-tender gland
Measurement of post-void residual urine
Higher…
References
Lepor, H. (2005). Pathophysiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia in the aging male population. Reviews in urology, 7(Suppl 4), S3.
Roehrborn, C. G. (2008). Pathology of benign prostatic hyperplasia. International journal of impotence research, 20, S11-S18.
Dhingra, N., & Bhagwat, D. (2011). Benign prostatic hyperplasia: An overview of existing treatment. Indian journal of pharmacology, 43(1), 6.
94). The modern legal definition of disease provides a useful starting point for an examination of the concept of disease and how it is regarded by various disciplines. According to Black's Law Dictionary (1990), disease is a "deviation from the healthy or normal condition of any of the functions or tissues of the body. An alternation in the state of the body or some of its organs, interrupting or disturbing
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Then, the patient can receive free care or referrals to specialists from the doctor. GPs thus can provide comprehensive data regarding patients with a variety of conditions, from a wide range of demographic groups. Currently, 3,500 GP practices, encompassing a population of 23 million patients, contribute to the national QSurveillance database. The system is the largest and most regularly updated health tracking system in the world (National disease surveillance,
Pizza Hut, Domino's most dominant global competitor, was clearly way behind all three national pizza chains in 2005, with a very weak innovation story on new products to sell, and more re-shuffling of menu items with aggressive pricing and programs to bring in the lucrative in-store buyer. The net result from this lack of innovation was Pizza Hut losing significant market share. it's expected that Pizza Hut will be more
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Salmonella Fig 1. Salmonella Bacteria The first thing to note about Salmonella (seen in Fig. 1) is that it is a bacteria, and therefore a living organism. However the term "Salmonella" is used loosely in daily conversation to specify an illness caused by that bacteria in humans, and in other animals. Most people have some vague recollection of a "salmonella outbreak" caused by a contaminated food supply being reported in the media,