U.S. Justice Department
Review the current organization and administration of the three components of the U.S. justice system: the police, the courts, and corrections. This review should consists of a summary of each component system, standard organizational structures of each component system, and a thorough examination of the pressing issues and challenges faced by each component system, including ethical considerations.
The three parts of the U.S. justice system include: law enforcement, the judiciary and corrections. These different pieces work together, to address various problems involving a host of laws and regulations. Once this takes place, it is providing a way of dealing with various challenges. (Garner, 2011)
Law Enforcement
Law enforcement is the branch of the criminal justice system that deals with enforcing the various laws and regulations. They are the first contact that an individual will have with the criminal justice system. In the U.S., there are three different levels of law enforcement agencies to include: federal, state and local officials. They have the responsibility of building a case for the prosecutors. This is a part of enforcing the law that involves prosecuting those individuals who are breaking various directives. Both the police and prosecutors will work together to investigate and arraign those crimes that they believe the individual is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. During a criminal proceeding, law enforcement has the responsibility for: representing the interests of the state and presenting facts to show the proof of guilt of the suspect. They will work against the defense surrounding how: the laws are enforced by the police and the actions taken by them. (Garner, 2011)
The most pressing issues facing law enforcement is how aggressively they are enforcing the law. This can be problematic, because the Constitution specifically states that any suspect who is accused of committing a crime has a number of different rights. A few of the most notable include: the right to a speedy trial, to challenge their accusers, legal representation, to remain silent and the right to have their case heard by a jury. However, during the course of enforcing the law the police or prosecutors could violate key Constitutional provisions. When these kinds of issues are discovered, an ethical situation could exist. Where, they have not exhausted every possible avenue to allow someone to prove their innocence. Instead, they are convicted based on circumstantial evidence that someone is guilty. In the future, new information could emerge that they are innocent. This is significant, because the silence of law enforcement officials is an ethical challenge. As no innocent person, should be forced to go to jail for a crime they did not commit. Yet, when you look beneath the surface the silence (of law enforcement) and the fact that they are not willing to admit that could have made a mistake is a major issue. (Anderson, 2006, pp. 198 -- 209)
Judiciary
The judiciary has the responsibility for ensuring that the defendant receives a fair trial and interpreting the evidence based upon the Constitution. At the same time, the judicial system will allow judges large discretionary powers in making decisions including: guilty pleas, sentencing, appeals and determining what evidence will be admitted during a trial. The way that judicial system is divided is based upon a similar structure as law enforcement through: the federal, state and local levels. However, within this basic structure the judiciary will subdivide. This is accomplished by having different levels in the court system that will provide select services at certain times to include: the municipal, county, district, appellate and the supreme courts. (Garner, 2011)
The most pressing issues are how to ensure that justice is delivered fairly. This can be problematic, as certain ethnic groups will receive sentences that are much more stringent than others. Evidence of this, can be seen with various studies that were reviewed by Anderson (2006). She found that blacks and Latinos will receive higher amounts for bail. At the same time, most judges will limit: the flexibility that these defendants have in plea bargains and they are less likely to receive probation. This is troubling, because these kinds of facts are highlighting how there are some forms of indirect system wide discrimination occurring. As a result, the criminal justice system must find a way to address issues such as this. (Anderson, 2006, pp. 198 -- 209)
Corrections
Corrections is when the defendant has been sentenced for the crime that they have committed. This could occur...
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