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Dorothea Orem Self-Care Theory
What is state of nursing during Dorothea Orem's time?
Dorothea Orem is one of the foremost theorists in the field of nursing in the United States who developed the self-care theory between 1949 and 1957. Orem developed this theory at a time when nursing was characterized by deficits in the training of practical nurses (Basavanthappa, 2007, p.72). During this period, there was a huge need to upgrade practical nursing training and determine the subject of nursing as a profession and practice. Nurses not only knew how to talk about nursing but also struggled with the practical aspects of this profession. As a result, the quality of nursing in general hospitals was relatively low and need significant upgrade.
What are her motivating factors for her theory?
Orem was motivated by various factors to develop her theory including the state of nursing during that period. Due to the state of nursing, Orem developed the theory in order to upgrade the quality of nursing in general hospitals across the state (Alligood, 2013, p.241). The other motivating factor the theory was her experience in the nursing field that incorporated private duty nursing, teaching, and hospital staff nursing. Third, Orem was motivated to develop the theory by working on a project that focused on enhancing practical nursing training and developing her concept of this profession and practice.
Theory Development
Orem's theory development included definition of metaparadigm concepts and creation of a new concept of nursing to address the deficiencies in practical nursing training. She defined nursing as an art or helping service instead of technology while health is when an individual is whole or sound both structurally and functionally ("Dorothea Orem's Self-Care...
Orem defined environment as enthronement factors, elements and conditions as well as the developing external environment. She defined human being as a person with the ability to reason and use symbols as well as a unit that functions biologically, socially, and symbolically. Orem's Self-Care Theory is valuable because it provided the basis for creation of a body of knowledge for nursing education and delivery of nursing care in real situations in the nursing field (Alligood, 2013, p.243).
Overview of Theory
Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Theory is based on several concepts including the concept of self-care, the concept of self-care deficit, and the concept of nursing system. The concept of self-care refers to activities that a person initiates and conducts personally to maintain health and well-being. The concept of self-care deficit specifies situations when nursing is needed i.e. when an adult is limited or unable to provide ongoing effective self-care. The concept of nursing systems describes how nurses and patients work collaboratively to meet the patient's self-care needs through technologies and processes developed by professionals in the healthcare field. The strengths of this theory include its provision of a comprehensive framework for nursing practice, specification of situations when nursing intervention is necessary, and alignment with health promotion and maintenance. The weaknesses include its focus on illness, consideration of health as dynamic and changing, and defining the system as a single whole thing.
My definition and approach to nursing is as a practice that focuses on a person's health needs, desires, and goals and using these characteristics as the basis of nursing process and care. Orem's theory is congruent with my definition and approach…
References
Alligood, M.R. (2013). Nursing theorists and their work (8th ed). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.
Basavanthappa, B.T. (2007). Nursing theories. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd.
"Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Theory." (2012, February 4). Nursing Theories -- A Companion to Nursing Theories and Models. Retrieved September 12, 2015, from http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/self_care_deficit_theory.html
Green, R. (2012, September). Application of the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory to the Care of Children with Special Health Care Needs in the School Setting. Self-Care, Dependent-Care & Nursing, 19(1), 35-40.
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