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Two of the schools in the current study have active GSA's which may account for the acceptance of LGBT students at these schools.
IMPLICATIONS
Practitioners
Procedures for anonymous reporting (Fear of retaliation)
As stated above, fear of retaliation was the major barrier to reporting according to the findings in this study. It is recommended that school develop safe, anonymous reporting procedures such as that described above. In addition, students must feel that retaliation will be addressed and every attempt will be made to protect the student from retaliation, both inside the school and outside the school. Perpetrators must be informed that retaliation will carry serious consequences and that administrators will follow through. Students must be told that any discussion of disciplinary actions discussed among students will cause further disciplinary actions to be instituted.
Further Research
The schools involved in the current study are known as being very gay-friendly. Two of the schools have very strong GSA's. The school without a GSA receives students from the other two schools and therefore may have a similar acceptance of LGBT students. The reported acceptance of LGBT students may be site specific and therefore not generalizable to most high schools. It is recommended that the research be replicated at a number of schools with and without GSA's.
The original design of the study included an item asking students to identify as LGBT or not. At the recommendation of the dissertation committee, that item was withdrawn from the research instrument. The committee was concerned that approval from the Internal Review Board would not be forthcoming if that item were included. The lack of sexual orientation as a variable seriously impacted the findings. In addition, it was discovered that the study sites were not only willing to include that data in the research instrument, they were anxious...
As the IRB approval was not obtained until February 2010, there was not sufficient time to go back to the board for approval of the LGBT identifier. It is recommended that sexual orientation be included in for further research within that specific community.
Conclusion
The design of the study presented a range of limitations. The major limitation to this study was the lack of a demographic variable identifying respondents as LGBT or not. In addition, the design of the study was correlational; therefore, no causal relationships could be determined. The researcher could only determine that the independent and dependent variables were related, but could not conclude that the dependent variables were a result of the independent variables. Other limitations included consistency and possible bias on the part of the respondents. It is assumed that a percentage of students may have responded untruthfully which may have had an impact on the consistency of the data. Two of the schools surveyed included active GSA's and the GSA advisor was the research contact. Both advisors are very popular at their respective campuses and therefore may have had an influence on the student responses to the acceptance of LGBT students.
Research into bystander behavior and student willingness to report violence needs to continue. Fear of retaliation represented the major barrier to reporting according to the findings. Future research should be designed to investigate what students think would reduce their fear of retaliation and therefore increase their likelihood of reporting. This study was quantitative, but future research designed as qualitative in nature may be able to further explore the fear of retaliation. In addition, further research should compare the variables of anonymous reporting and fear of retaliation. With additional information, school administrators may be better prepared to design programs assuring the safety of…
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