Sign Up Now
Get instant access to over 1 million+ study documents
OR
Already registered? click here to login
By creating your account, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and student honor code.
(Ewert, 1990; paraphrased)
Upon completion of group meetings the 300 individuals were randomly selected from a registration list for the period beginning in may and ending in august 1987, totaling 1000 individuals. Each of the 300 chosen in this random selection process were mailed a questionnaire containing 16 items.
PART III
METHODS
The study was conducted through use of a multimethod methodology which Brewer and Hunter (1989) advocated and a study that was both quantitative and qualitative in nature. The questionnaire was the quantitative section of the study and upon finalization and distribution and then following group focus meetings qualitative sessions were conducted for the purpose of refining the instrument's wording and to inform the researcher of the "issues and concerns of climbers." (Ewert, 1990)
RESULTS
The survey yielded 229 total questionnaires that were useable in this study which was determined to be those at least 76% complete. Ewert states that this response rate is "well within the typical range of responses from social science-based research efforts." (1990) Resulting was that there was not testing conducted on the data of nonrespondent testing. The respondents to this study are self-described moderately or very experienced climbers stated at 54% and 42% respectively. There was a standard deviation stated at 10.2 by Ewert (1990) which suggests."..that there was a wide range of experience within this classification. Just as in most studies this study of 'backcountry' users were primarily male stated at 81% with a mean age of 39 years old which was a standard deviation of 10.7 according to Ewert. It is related that the largest majority of participant/climbers in this study, stated at 87% "were independent climbers rather than engaged with a climbing or outing club. It appears from the reports findings concerning the regulation of the optimal number of climbers per day that the total of 100 individual climbers was seen as reasonable and the majority or 70% reported agreeing that 100 was a good number however, 21% are stated to have indicated "that the allocation limit was too low and 9% reporting that "the allocation limit was too low" while 9% thought 100 per day was too many at once to climb. (Ewert,...
Helens with 1 being "not important" and 5 being "very important.
Motivations for Climbing Mount St. Helens
Source: Ewert (1990)
The largest portion of climbers agreed with the 100 per day climber limitation as being reasonable. It is however noted that each circumstance should be given individual consideration. Detrimental to user satisfaction in Ewert's study on a scale of 1 to 5 with 1 being 'least' and 5 being 'most' important were those items and ratings as follows:
Litter 1.6
Human Waste 1.7
Encounters with other groups 1.9
Trampled vegetation 2.0
People on crater rim 2.0
Airplane/Helicopter Presence or Sounds 2.1
From these findings it can be discerned that the more civilization the less the satisfaction to those who climb Mount St. Helens.
DISCUSSION
This study has established the fact that the reasons that participants in this study climb Mount St. Helens was for viewing the volcano and being able to observe the natural processes and ongoing changes in the volcano area. In the volcano experience, this study has found that Ewert clearly shows that solitude or to develop individual climbing skills are not desired for the purposes of climbing Mt. St. Helens. While these are historically and traditionally believed and even shown to be reasons individuals choosing to mountain climb this study has shown that this just simply is not the case at Mount St. Helens. This study has noted that allowing managers who are on-site the autonomy to deal with individual situations regarding climber limitations would be optimal as shown in the study. Ewert finds in his study that reported perceptions of crowding by participant/respondent climbers in this study were inconsistent in nature as compared to their level of satisfaction. Ewert relates that this indicates..."traditional concerns about crowing should be deemphasized and concerns about access given more attention." (1990)
Bibliography
Ewert, Alan (1990) Mount St. Helens: A Case Study of Managing for…
Bibliography
Ewert, Alan (1990) Mount St. Helens: A Case Study of Managing for Change in Wildland Recreation. Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Stations. USDA Forest Service, Riverside, California.
Specific legislation on rights of way would have to be enacted separately in order to apply to any of the other parks (for instance, the 1915 act creating Rocky Mountain National Park contained rights of way). (Winks 1997) Powers Under the Act of 1970 act, Congress proceeded to create new National Recreation Areas, including "urban parks." The act clearly strengthened the Park Service to protect park units in all ways by
After instituting a controlled burn, forest managers can determine what areas are ripe for vegetation and which are not. Because this article contains one of the many effects of burning, its inclusion in the cannon of literature is important. Houston, Douglas B. (1971). Ecosystems of National Parks. Science. 127 (3984), 648- Though Douglas B. Houston's article is older than some, its topic is one that does not necessarily require a modern
...This whole country is dry...If you don't have to burn it, don't burn it" said the fire marshal from the area (Shay & Johnson 2008). Fire damage at Yellowstone such as the damage that occurred in 1988 and 2008 has come at a tremendous cost: "Since 1984, the annual average number of fires that burn 1,000 acres or more has increased from 25 to 80...and the total average number of
What are the pros and cons of controlled burning in Yellowstone? The pros and cons of controlled burning in Yellowstone National Park have the same consequences -- uncontrollable fire. The pros of controlled burning are twofold. First, studies have proven the positive effects of controlled burning with regards to fire management. As previously stated, controlled burns remove debris from the forest floor that can be considered fodder for larger fires. In
Yosemite National Forest Yosemite History In East Central California, Yosemite National Park spans the eastern portions of Tuolumne, Mariposa, and Madera County. Approximately 3.7 million tourists have come to love and visit the park on an annual basis, spending time on a seven square mile sector of the 760,000 acre park. Yosemite is known for the enormous rocks dating as far back as ten million years in age, with one particular known
We have never prescribed a "let-it-blow policy for tornadoes and hurricanes, a "let-it-erupt" policy for volcanoes or a "let-it-grind" policy for glaciers. Why, then, did we need a "let-it-burn" policy for fires, or surrogate strategies like prescribed fire? Humans and fire have an inseparable history." (p.5) Agee states that the classical view of the succession of plants "...persisted much of the 20th century: the Clementsian view of regional convergence