Catholic Social Teaching on Migration and Global Justice

Introduction: Migration and Catholic Social Teaching

Population migration is nothing new, but it is happening now to an unprecedented degree, with untold numbers of migrants shifting around the globe — not because they want to, but often because they must. While not all patterns of migration can be considered problematic, Catholic Social Teaching (CST) focuses on and addresses the patterns that are in order to alleviate suffering and promote more humanitarian policies and programs. CST challenges the underlying social, political, and economic structures that impact migration and attitudes towards migrants. Viewed through the lens of CST, some of the prevailing political attitudes toward migration can be clarified and resolved.

The crux of CST is social justice and human rights. As Groody and Cross (2014) point out, there are several CST themes relevant to migration, including the right to stay in one's homeland as well as the right to move when conditions demand it. Moreover, CST recognizes the emergence of a global community in which political boundaries are fluid; national borders can be permeable but still remain intact — like a cellular membrane that lets in oxygen while still allowing for the removal of toxins.

CST Themes and the Right to Migrate

Migration issues are complex, particularly those that do not involve major humanitarian crises such as the one in Syria. The anti-immigration rhetoric in the United States could be better resolved by addressing root causes and structural impediments to economic development in source countries, particularly those in Central America. We need to address distributive justice, as Groody and Cross (2014) claim: "otherwise we end up looking at immigration as a problem in itself rather than a symptom of deeper social imbalances" (p. 81). Instead of focusing on the manufactured problem of immigration, Bishops and their allies can focus on how to empower communities in developing countries to become more resilient and self-sustaining.

Using scripture and rites like the binational mass, the Bishops are promoting a sustainable global peace through a vision of a global community. The theme of reconciliation is about trans-border partnerships — reaching for shared values and interests instead of focusing on differences, disagreements, and divergences. While the Bishops lay the groundwork through spiritual, social, and psychological work that prepares the world for new social norms, policymakers and the business community can collaborate on new ways of fostering trust and global partnerships.

Reconciliation, Global Community, and the Role of the Church

Those who would choose to leave their families to migrate from economic uncertainty have an important contribution to make to the world. Their hope and motivation can be channeled towards the creation of a better tomorrow rather than being squandered on yesterday's ideals.

Conclusion

When there are disagreements as to the methods or paths taken to reach that common goal, there are better solutions than resorting to abuses of power. At times, bringing about a new world through the CST model involves some sacrifices and concessions on the part of all stakeholders. "Defend the weak and the fatherless; uphold the cause of the poor and the oppressed. Rescue the weak and the needy; deliver them from the hand of the wicked" (Psalm 82:3–4). Making sacrifices through altruism and sharing is not a loss but a genuine gain. When those with the right mindset are willing to be honest, it becomes clear that the sacrifices made are relatively small — for otherwise we would not have a win-win scenario.

Bible: NIV.

Groody, D., & Cross, C. (2014). From neighbor to brother and sister. In S. C. Sullivan & R. Pagnucco (Eds.), A Vision of Justice: Engaging Catholic Social Teaching on the College Campus. Collegeville, Minnesota: Liturgical Press.