Corporation Essays (Examples)

Corporation Ethical ole
Foundations business ethics: What role business society? The study business ethics study legal application moral standards business decisions. In defining business ethics, defining voluntary role business: a business behave law dictate conduct law permits conduct benefit shareholders harmful ? Business Ethics: Case Studies Selected eadings (7th Edition) equired eading: Jennings, M.

The problem investigated concerns a comparison of views in what is referred to as a stakeholder's doctrine in management of business. Stakeholders are viewed as owners and capital investors but, under a social democratic perspective, stakeholders comprise of those persons who have a claim upon the existence of an entity. Precise to say these two perspectives have a bearing that require clarification.

How Corporations Came to be

Corporations came to be as an amalgamation of an extensive number of persons with a unified purpose forming a unit that has come to be the modern day organization. According to Jennings, 2009()

,…

Corporation Diversifying Internationally
In the recent past, after the onset of the economic meltdown, firms, companies and businesses at large have been resorting to less traditional methods and entrepreneurial tactics in order to combat reduced demand, much more competition and increased costs. International diversification was the answer for many firms, following in the tracks of multinational and transnational companies; many businesses have resorted to relocating their plants and facilities to gain a competitive edge. International expansion or diversification can be seen as form of investment for the company, it is a costly and time consuming move to make however the benefits from this decision will affect company performance in the long run. Cost reduction is an evident result of this change, however companies can enjoy many more benefits for instance things such as a more lenient law and regulation system. Different countries also offer different kinds of labor, some have a…

However, liability is limited to the corporation and offers owners' limited personal liability, which is something that is not found in a sole proprietorship or partnership (Corporation: Definition, Formation, Maintenance, 2012). Furthermore, a corporation is also considered to be a stand-alone entity that has separate tax liabilities; as such, the corporation is responsible for paying corporate taxes on any of the profits the company makes, however, each employee is responsible for paying takes on the money that is paid to them in the form of a salary, commission, or dividend (Lorette, 2012).
Limited liability helps protect an individual's personal assets such as their cars, homes, and bank accounts should said corporation be sued by creditors when it cannot pay its debts and the corporation's assets are seized and sold to recoup money (Corporation: Definition, Formation, Maintenance, 2012). However, if it is determined that the personal and business dealings of a…

"An important part of the second phase of the New Deal brought about an anti-monopoly philosophy," including an investigation of corporate price-fixing, the deliberate creation of scarcity on the part of some organizations, agreements between corporations not to compete, and in the abuse of patent laws"(Bryant 1998). However, the desire to limit the growth of industry power was superseded by the need to mobilize the nation for war. hile before, during the 1920s, the numbers of manufacturing jobs had begun to abate, during orld ar II, manufacturing once again became a growth sector (Bryant 1999). hat did emerge during orld ar II, was a desire upon the part of the federal government to control the production and shape of modern industries, and an acknowledge for some regulation of corporate efforts to serve the common good: "The federal government emerged from the war as a potent economic actor, able to…

corporation that I choose is IKEA.
My first choice for a merger will be with Wal-Mart. This is because IKEA is based on the hybrid position of Bowman's Strategy Clock. (Bowman elaborates on Porter's Model of how firms can compete / find their niche by explaining the cost and perceived value combinations that many firms use). The hybrid position is exemplified by IKEA employing moderate price/moderate differentiation where the company offers fair prices for reasonable goods -- for instance discount department stores. ('If it wasn't for Ikea," writes British design magazine Icon. 'Most people would have no access to affordable contemporary design" (Bloomberg Business Week.com p.708)). The company works long and hard to identify functional and quality style materials and least costly suppliers. Whilst it sets the price in middle class tastes, focusing on quality, it also accentuates reasonable price tags, consciously showing its tendency to slit prices. Josephine ydberg-Dumont,…

Other principles include: the Stakeholder Enabling Principle, the Principle of Director esponsibility, and the Principle of Stakeholder ecourse.
For some specialists in the field Friedman's shareholder theory holds water more, while for others, Freeman's stakeholder theory seems to be more suitable for modern times. John Hasnas has studied both theories and stated several interesting findings. For example, he stated that "the stockholder theory is not as obviously flawed as it is sometimes supposed to be and that several of the objections conventionally raised against it are misdirected" (Hasnas, 1998). Hasnas's opinion on Freeman's stakeholder theory is quite different, as he considers the arguments supporting this theory to be significantly flawed. Even more, Hasnas considers that the stakeholder theory benefits from a great deal of undeserved confidence.

However, Hasnas does not consider himself of being in favor of the shareholder theory instead. Furthermore, Hasnas advices the readers to focus on the characteristic…

The dark side of solidarity-based cultures is that they can become overly impersonal, neglecting the needs of the individual in favor of the collective.
A culture with high levels of sociability and high levels of solidarity becomes Communal. A culture with low levels of both sociability and solidarity is described as Fragmented. Organizational cultures with High levels of sociability but low levels of solidarity is Networked, and an organization with high levels of solidarity but low levels of sociability is Mercenary. In The Character of a Corporation, the authors offer readers a checklist and questionnaire to help them determine the nature of their organization's culture. Issues including the organization's physical space and work environment; communications infrastructure and style; concept of time and scheduling; and level of personal identities all contribute to the determination of an organization's culture.

The authors' four main points regarding the Double S. Cube include the following. First,…

XI. Conflict of Laws Principles

The unique nature of corporations creates interesting problems in regard to determining where a corporation can be sued or where the corporation can decide to file its own cause of action. A corporation can also elect to avail itself to the courts in the state in which it is incorporated and can also be subject to service in such state as well but the issue is not so easily decided in other circumstances. The operation of most corporations involve interactions with different states and a determination of the corporation's minimal contacts with other states has a major bearing on when and where a particular corporation can be made a part of litigation. The law in this area is highly dependent on the case law of the various states and there are no hard and fast rules that determine whether a corporation might be subject to service…

This is unlike the C Corporation where shareholders are taxed only when they receive dividends. This provision becomes unethical since it subjects the shareholders to losses and denting of their other sources of income.
According to the Internal evenue Service requirements, all the shareholders are required to make a salary. This implies that all the investors and shareholders are considered employees of the corporation alike, and therefore their wages are equally taxed (AllBusiness, 2012). If the investor offers services to the corporation, he will be additionally considered an employee to that capacity. This remuneration and taxation them becomes unfair since the investor expects returns in a larger scale than the other shareholders.

The solution of the above situation comes in with the distributions to share-holders-employees. It is worth noting that the distribution to shareholders must be included in the shareholders' taxable income during tax calculations. The exception comes in on the…

flurry of ethical fiascos at companies like Enron, Tyco, Peregrine, Adelphia and WorldCom have spurred many corporations to take a close look at the rules that govern their corporate behavior. Enron, likely the most famous of these cases, involved accounting and other forms of fraud at many levels of the company, including the executive level. Clearly, the actions of these corporations represent a failure in the moral and ethical actions of a number of players. In response, there have been a number of calls aimed at tightening ethical considerations within corporations, including restructuring rules within corporations.
estructuring a corporation's rules of conduct has a number of moral considerations. Importantly, it can be argued that the basic, underlying motivation of a corporation is essentially at odds with many other ethical notions held by society. At its most basic, a corporation's goal is to make money. Hessun Wee, columnist with Business Week…

This is important, because it will serve as basic guideline, outlining what activities are most acceptable in the workplace. (Izraeli, 2010)
Oversight is when the corporation is ensuring effective supervision of employees and executives through: the different managers as well as the board of directors. This is important, because it is establishing a system of checks and balances inside the organization. (Izraeli, 2010) ("The Principals of Federal Prosecution of usiness Organizations," n.d.)

The delegation of authority is when managers and the board are watchful of the actions of those individuals (who have increased amounts of influence). This is important, because it places special emphasis on monitoring those people, who are given extraordinary powers within the company.

Effective communication standards / procedures are when the corporation maintains and is building communication at all levels. This is accomplished by having various procedures in place, to ensure that the company is maintaining these high levels.…

corporation will use is an effective marketing strategy. This is because the way they are able to promote themselves to customers will have an impact on their ability to increase sales and earnings. To achieve these objectives, a number of firms will use a wide variety of strategies. In the case of the firm that was studied in previous modules, this is vital part of ensuring that the company is able to remain competitive. To fully understand how this is achieved requires looking at: the distribution, location, timing, variations and target markets. Together, these different elements will provide specific insights as to how the firm can increase its overall bottom line results.
The Distribution

The basic distribution strategy is to use traditional and online resources. This will be accomplished through print advertising in select newspapers and magazines. At the same time, social networking, pay per click advertising and search engine optimization…

Sunbeam Corporation and Chainsaw Al
For Business Ethics Class. Need a Case Study Ethics Case, "Sunbeam Corporation Chainsaw Al." The story Arthur Andersen failed stop "Chainsaw Al" Dunlap hoodwinked BOD intimidated accounting staff, turn manipulated financial reports.

Sunbeam Corporation and Chainsaw Al

Sunbeam Corporation while on the verge of bankruptcy, appointed Albert "Chainsaw Al" Dunlap to steer them to success. Chainsaw Al had been successful in turning around other financially troubled companies which was why he was given the job as the CEO and Chair of Sunbeam's board. However, Chainsaw Al engaged in illegal and unethical accounting practice which gave a false representation of the company's turnaround. Investors sued the company for this and when other board members discovered that Dunlap was actively involved in these unethical practices, he was let go. This paper looks at the problems that arose as a result of Dunlap's behavior and an evaluation of alternative solutions. It…

EMC Corporation Analysis
How would you describe the core competency of EMC Corp? What is the significance of understanding core competencies? Do core competencies provide competitive advantages or value to organizations?

The core competency of EMC Corporation is the research and development, selling, implementing and supporting of their virtualization technologies incouding IT infrastructure systems and platforms. EMC's depth of expertise in virtualization and infrastructure technologies has made the company one of the leading providers of cloud computing platforms, one of the fastest-growing segments of the enterprise computing industry today (Horsburgh, 2003). EMC has structured their business into two major categories incouding EMC information infrastructure and VMWare virtual infrastructure, which provides the company the ability to better serve its global base of customers (McCarthy, Capuanuo, Picotte, 2002). The information infrastructure business is comprised of three different segments including information storage, information intelligence group and the SA information security group. The VMWare virtual infrastructure…

Loops
Deckers Outdoor Corporation describes its business as being "a premier lifestyle marketer that builds niche brands into global market leaders by designing and marketing innovative, functional and fashion footwear" (Deckers 2011 Annual Report). Feedback loops were outlined as being an important component of the Burke-Litwin Causal Model (Falletta, 2008). A feedback loops is a set of elements that is self-reinforcing. There are basically two types of feedback loops, balancing and reinforcing (MindTools.com, 2012). This paper will analyze the feedback loops present in Deckers to identify the opportunities for organizational learning.

Balancing Feedback Loop

A balancing feedback loop is one where the elements in the loop exist in a state of equilibrium. hen an element falls out of equilibrium, the other elements change to rebalance the organization. This restoration of balance happens no matter which element falls out of equilibrium or oven if the organization is moving to a new equilibrium point.…

corporation existed?
Establishing a precise date for the beginning of the corporate form of doing business is subject to considerable debate. There are vestiges of businesses that operated as a continuous organization with changing memberships dating from ancient times. Both the Greek and oman civilizations had businesses and groups that functioned in this manner but the true development of the corporate form as we know it today began to take hold in the Middle Ages. First, the Church, as the era's dominant institution, began recognizing non-business forms of corporations for ecclesiastical purposes. As the world began emerging from the isolation of the Middle Ages and trade began to increase a need for different forms of business organization became more necessary. With the discovery of the New World and the accompanying increase in costs, it became impossible for sole proprietors and partnerships to afford the costs of international trade and the…

Tax
Managing the S Corporation Built-in Gains Tax

Basically there are two types of relatively large corporations that exist in the American corporate system. C corporations were first introduced and they are a type of business that exists as a separate entity from its owners and is taxed as such. This is done so that the owners can deflect certain types of liability from themselves to the corporation itself. The owners are the shareholders of the corporation, and as such they do are not taxed on many aspects of the corporation, but the corporation itself has to pay the tax on assets to federal and state governments. This does set the company up for a form of double taxation though since although the owners are separate from the corporation as far as personal assets (such as homes, land, etc.), they still receive dividends from the shares of stock that they own.…

JVA Corporation has a presence and expertise within the market of nearly two decades, during which period they have been faced with a wide array of challenges, but also opportunities. The company, for instance, has been able to expand into the increasingly popular and evolving technological sector, hiring better trained and specialized staffs. On the other hand however, the company has also faced challenges as a result of macroeconomic conditions, such as the terrorist attacks or the global recession.
Today, the company finds itself in a complex situation in which they have to continue to function at high levels of performance and productivity, but also to reduce their operational costs. This need resulted from the financial hurdles brought on by the economic crisis. When numerous firms have downsized or even declared bankrupt, the JVA Corporation continued to operate and secure the employment of its thousands of employees.

The company as such employs…

McDonald's Corporation is one of the best known global brands. Starting with 2004, McDonald's witnesses a turn around and has become very profitable again, despite a high turnover of CEOs.
McDonald's leadership decided to continue to grow, using many new strategies, such as refurbishing locations, customizing service in each country and geographic area, enhancing &D and product development, as well as marketing and packaging, extending service, offering healthy choices, and so on. These functions of management can best be categorized into four units -- Planning, Organizing, Leading, and Controlling -- all of which are described in the following essay

Planning

McDonalds' has evaluated the current American way of living and transformed itself to meet those requirements. Instead of compelling clients to adjust to their style, McDonald's has transformed itself to adjust to the client. So, for instance, it has extended its breakfast time to the extent that, in some locations, options for breakfast…

The company should operate as a C corporation. There are a few reasons for this choice of business structure. As a sole proprietorship, Bob faces a number of challenges, including the reality that his legal downside includes his personal property. Maintaining his business as a sole proprietorship will also have tax and timing implications for when he wants to pass the business on to his daughter. Therefore, the sole proprietorship should be a non-starter. He has the option of S and C corporations, and there are specific implications for each of these. An S corporation elects to “pass corporate income, losses, deductions and credits through to their shareholders for federal tax purposes” (IRS.gov, 2020). The company is eligible to be an S corporation, as it meets the criteria that the IRS has laid out. One of the risks, however, is in the transfer of ownership to Mandy, in particular if she…

Corporations often use ineffective strategies to tackle workplace diversity issues. For example, many attempt to utilize affirmative action policies prescribe hiring by quota. Such policies are doomed to fail when a company finds itself hiring unqualified people for managerial roles. If that happens, it benefits nobody. People in senior management lose faith in hiring women and minorities and this has a knock-on effect on attitudes throughout the organization as well.
In general, corporate diversity practices emphasize the superficial, be it head counts or some other means. Even more in-depth diversity programs such as having work groups to meet and discuss issues that pertain to that group do little to change the status quo. Such groups may be able to raise specific issues, but they do not inherently address issues of promotion, mentorship, and training that would bring about more meaningful change to the workplace.

Collins describes the current situation as "a new…

Corporations are responsible for the impacts of its decisions and activities on society, the environment, and its own prosperity (What is Corporate Social Responsibility). The practice of selling contaminated product to a market, regardless of which market it is, goes against a corporation's social responsibility. International markets should have the same respect as the home markets for any corporation. There is also the utilitarianism doctrine that says that virtue is based on utility and the conduct should be directed toward promoting the greatest happiness of the greatest number of persons (Utilitarianism). The greatest number of people being served would be the consumers that would consume the products, not the employees in the company. The UN Global Compact also has principles for businesses operating on an international basis. "Principal 1: usinesses should support and respect the protection of internationally proclaimed human rights" and "Principal 2: usinesses should make sure they are…

Clearly, he companies engaged in this practice were operating with direct intention, and a roper governance system would have made this obvious and prevented it.
Software Spying

In another telecommunications case, a company was found to have included spyware in a company-sponsored "software upgrade" to users' cell phones, that enabled the company to collect confidential information from users' phones without their consent (Khaleej Times, 2009). Not only is this practice clearly unethical, but it is also illegal despite a lack of stringency in the detection of such crimes and the prosecution of large-scale corporate offenders such as telecommunications companies. Again, greater transparency and internal control would have allowed this practice to be discovered much sooner, and the risk of discovery almost certainly would have prevented this action from ever occurring. Corporate governance works best when it is so strong it is only rarely and usually accidentally tested; when purposeful actions like…

Corporations and Global Capitalism As an institution, I feel that corporations are playing a negative role in American society. While they provide a lot of great tools for people, from mobile smart phones to services like online shopping, the reality is that behind the scenes of these corporations, things are not so great. The amount of pressure that workers experience when working at Amazon can be immense, and the work does not appear to be particularly rewarding or allow one to really develop any skills. A worker at Amazon is like a pin sorter in Adam Smith’s pin factory: what kind of profession or career is this? It is not one that can make a human being feel good about his job or want to show up to work every day when he knows he will just be sorting pins for the rest of his life. A person needs a job…

"
The analysis cited above continues to describe the ways in which corporate "life" (in the sense of how many different individuals and entities are vital to the running of a corporation in the current climate):

Businesses today must be consumer, profit, and publicly oriented. Only a few years ago, the first two would have sufficed. But, in support of our dualistic argument regarding the marketing concept, that is -- creating exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational objectives more effectively and efficiently than the competition -- Philip Kotler (2000) has labelled marketing as inappropriate in a world of environmental deterioration, population expansion, world hunger and poverty, and neglected, under-funded, and business-like social services. Thus, marketing as exchange has been augmented by the need to preserve or enhance consumer and societal well being, too. Increasingly, this extends beyond 'seeming' to the needed 'substance' of corporate social responsibility.

The above touches on both dynamics of…

Corporations to be Ethical and Responsible
Over the last several years, the issue of corporate ethics has been increasingly brought to the forefront. This is because there has been a transformation in how firms are interacting with various stakeholders. In most cases, there has been a shift in which parties will receive the greatest benefits from particular activities (i.e. The shareholders, board of directors, managers and analysts). This has increased the underlying amounts of mistrust that the public will have in the actions of firms.

To address these challenges, the majority of organizations have been adopting a code of ethics. This is a part of larger effort, to create a series of guidelines that will help everyone to determine the best course of action in a variety of situations. The results are that most people believe this has helped to create a standard which is transforming the work environment. Evidence of…

4% and 3.6% in the total number of jobs from 1985 to 2001. The trend is increasing for most types of transportation modes (see fig. 5).
FIG. 5 - EMPLOYMENT in TANSPOTATION OCCUPATIONS (THOUSANDS) U.S. 1985-2001

Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics

Automotive transportation is flexible, comfortable and is probably the most suitable means of transportation given the increasing distances between workplaces and residential areas. The social studies point to the fact that the urban agglomerations determine workers to live further away from the workplace than they used to live a few decades ago.

The social phenomena that took place in the 2nd half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century led to an increase in the number of workers as more women started to work and the access to education was facilitated. The need for transportation increased as more workers needed to move from one location (e.g. home) to another…

corporations have been increasingly targeted for terrorist activities. Part of the reason for this, is because the traditional targets such as: military and government facilities have become difficult to conduct a successful attack against. As a result, terrorists have begun to focus more of their efforts on attacking various corporate interests. Where, the security is less and the odds are high of being able to inflict enough casualties as well as collateral damage, to create the same psychological impact. This is important, because it shows how terrorist organizations are increasingly changing their focus. Therefore, corporate interests need to be able to adjust to these changes, to avoid the negative impact that this kind of incident could have.
In the case of Host Marriot, they are wrestling with a number of unique challenges. As they are known for being a popular hotel for: tourists, business people and government dignitaries. At the…

corporations, Skype is setting benchmarks by embracing the Nadler-Tushman's Congruence Model. Skype is focusing on various variables that may be a source of influence on its success of embracing change. This means that Skype has the capability to understand the challenges experienced by organizations in the process of introducing change. Skype has used the Nadler-Tushman's Congruence Model to develop several strategies that will ensure that the organization will detect any changes in the external environment. The company achieves this through well-organized interactions within its subsystems. Skype has enhanced its payment methods and the capability of its development through embracing a new payment strategy. This payment strategy is much cheap compared to other softwares; it is convenient for Skype a user.
Alternatively, Skype has embraced another convenient strategy of working together with other partners. This helps the company to realize opportunities for revenue as well as improve the experience of customers.…

(Williams 2011, pp. 218 -- 222)
Critically Analyze the Selection Process at Boeing

The process of becoming hired by Boeing requires showing how an individual must have the skills that the company is looking for. This is because the firm uses a program called ET. This is a tool that managers will use to match the person with the kinds of skill sets that Boeing will require in specific positions. The most common strategy for receiving this training; is to attend the company's 11-week certification program at the Washington Aerospace Training and esearch Center. This will guarantee an interview with the firm. (Dunlop 2011) (Boeing Interview Questions 2012) (Arkel 2007)

Once someone reaches the interview process is when they agree to be subject to a background check and a drug test. During the interview, Boeing will use a round robin behavioral format. This can take place at the company's facilities or it…

Corporations and Environmental Sustainability
Environmental conservation and sustainability has been viewed over the years as public relations activity and away of maintaining good relations with the community and other stakeholders like the government under c they operate. This has however significantly changed and the environmental conservation and sustainability is a social responsibility that any business or organization with a long-term vision has to take into account, plan for and effectively execute in order to not only earn acceptability by the government regulatory bodies, but also to contribute to their own future existence.

Proper and safe disposal of waste material and refuse is one of the major ways that corporations are gauged in their commitment to environmental protection and conservation. Corporations need to take deliberate steps to ensure their wastes area correctly categorized and disposed off in the recommended and approved manner. Toxic wastes must not find their way into the natural resources…

The June 2010 change to the manner in which dividends were deemed payable shifted the requirement from a measure of profit to a balance sheet-based formula in which dividends were only payable if assets outstripped liabilities, essentially.
This is, according to the facts of the case as presented, the only reason the dividend payment might be considered insolvent trading or otherwise contrary to the legal and financial constraints of the company under current Australian law. As the error was again solely the fault of chief financial officer George, the directors incur no liability in this instance.

Part B

As described above, the board of directors at Hampton Park Pty, td. incurred no liability in this case as they relied on information provided by a competent and informed employee in the person of the company's chief financial officer, George, which legally absolves them of liability in this case.

Whether or not the company ultimately…

United Technology Corporations in regard to its strategies, financial performance and general stock performance. The conglomerate's strategy and positioning is presented in regard to its various constituent firms. A conclusion is provided on the basis of the obtained financial outlook.
Financial performance and strategy

Capital markets considerations

UTC's financial and investor ratios

Price to Operating Profit (P/OP)

Price to Book Value (P/BV)

UTC's corporate strategy and positioning

United Technologies Corporation (UTC) is an American multinational conglomerate that has its headquarter in the United Technologies Building which is located in Hartford, Connecticut (UTC,2011).The company deals in research, development as well as manufacture of cutting-edge technology products in various areas such as aircraft engines, HVAC, fuel cells, helicopters, escalators and elevators, fire equipment, security, industrial products, and building materials among other products. The company is a major U.S. military contractor (Stewart, 2005, p.2) for which it produces missile systems as well as military helicopters (Matera, n.d).

UTC (2011) indicate…

corporation is a regular corporation that opts to tax its profits at the personal income tax level. An S corporation must prepare and file an income tax return, but itself pays no tax (if it complies with all of the technical and complex rules of the Federal law). Each shareholder pays taxes on his/her share of S. corporate income on his or her individual tax return. Owner-employees of an S corporation are treated like partners for purposes of employment and benefits.
is set up in the same manner as a regular corporation and then files for IS approval (and sometimes state approval) after hurdling through several IS regulations.

S Corporation allows the small business owner to avoid dealing with the double taxation of profits and dividends. Also, shareholders may be able to offset business losses by the corporation against their personal income, subject to certain restrictions.

Advantages of the S Corporation

Creation of…

In addition to transforming the nature of business orientation from strict private orientation to engagement in public trading, this would increase the capital available for projects of an ever-greater scale. The infrastructural demands of the railroad systems, for instance, would require a legal context in which finances could be drawn from a wider array of sources. This would bear a reciprocal relationship with the evolution of industrial practices and technological capabilities, which would feed into the growing ambition of American corporations to engage in and profit from the building of the nation. By the turn of the following century, America would enter into one of its most prolific periods of economic growth, incited by the sometimes ruthless expansion of corporate rule.

orks Cited:

Carey, C.. (?). Corporations and Big Business. An Essay From 19th Century U.S. Newspapers Database.

Corporate Structure
A corporation is a form of business structure. The corporation is given the same basic rights and duties as an individual. This shields members from the corporation from some liability for the corporation's actions, but also prevents them from utilizing corporate assets in the same way that one would use personal assets. There are some differences between publicly held and privately held corporations; however the basic structure of a corporation remains the same regardless of how the corporation is held. There are three main groups in the corporate structure. The first group consists of the directors of the corporation. The second group consists of the officers of the corporation. The third group consists of the shareholders of the corporation. Individuals may belong simultaneously to more than one of these groups, but each group has different responsibilities.

The first group consists of the directors of the corporation. When forming a corporation,…

Corporate Conduct
Global corporations are often difficult to control because they operate in various countries throughout the world. As such actions that may be illegal in some countries are perfectly legal in others. Furthermore law enforcement officials and governments do not have the power to enforce laws that are outside of their jurisdictions. These issues call into question the effectiveness mechanisms that exist to control global corporate conduct. The purpose of this discussion is to Assess the effectiveness of various mechanisms that exist to control global corporate conduct and recommend a mechanism that I believe is the most effective.

Survey of Mechanisms and their Advantages/Disadvantages

Private Regulation

Private regulations employ civil regulations to compel transnational corporations to operate according to a certain set of standards. According to the "defining feature of civil regulation is that its legitimacy, governance and implementation is not rooted in public authority. Operating beside or around the state rather than…

International Business Machines Corporation in detail. The paper is divided into three distinct parts with the corporate history constituting the beginning of the paper followed by the structure of the corporation, its shareholders, officers and the board of directors. The last part before the conclusion unfolds the precious information pertaining to the financial status of International Business Machines Corporation. The orks Cited eight sources in MLA format.
Business Law

Entrepreneurs set up business ventures and assign people as well as invest heavily in order to reap massive benefits by selling their products and ideas. here investment, sound financial stability, confidence, technical know-how and other factors play a significant role, it has been observed that working on and building trust is what it takes to establish a reputable name in the industry. Over the years since its inception, International Business Machines also referred to as IBM Corporation has successfully managed to gain…

Long-Term Financial Planning
FedEx Corporation

FedEx Corporation was established in 1971 and the company has four distinct business segments that include FedEx Express, FedEx Ground, FedEx Office and FedEx Freight. Over the years, the company has obtained 6-year of CAG (compounded annual growth of 5%). However, the company is likely to obtain similar CAG of 5.9% over the next 8 years based on current economic environment. (FedEx Corporation .2010.

The WACC (weighted average cost of capital) is the average interest rate that a company should pay in order to secure a project. Moreover, WACC is the average rate of return that a company must earn from its current assets to satisfy investors, shareholders and creditors. Since FedEx Corporation is always trying to create value for shareholders, the paper calculates the WACC of the FedEx to evaluate the company ability to generate returns from its assets.

Estimation of WACC of the Company

The WACC of the…

As the globalization started spreading its wings, Whirlpool also became able to establish itself in the emerging market across the world, in UK, in Latin America and in Asia. The highly competitive global market required proper coordination between the executives, management and the working force so that the corporation may provide enough attention for the requirements of the global consumers. With the diversification of the market, the consumer base of Whirlpool also diversified. Soon Whirlpool was making deals and acquiring divisions of appliance manufacturers in the European and Asian market (Arthur, 1991).
In order to maintain the pace of development and to sustain the consumer base, it was necessary for the company to provide enough attention for the highly diversified requirements of the consumers throughout the globe. The major issue was to provide platform that will allow the global and domestic managers of Whirlpool to coalesce and integrate to work…

The general idea in economic circles is that Japan needs to reform these re-numerations to fall somewhere in the middle, between U.S. And Current Japanese percentages. (Okuda) Some economists also feel that a standardized and reasonable system of re numeration should be employed across the global economy. (Gabaix & Landier) Furthermore, it is also important to note that in a recent study on CEO payment vs. market profit Japan was almost equal to the comparable nations, in the nation's larger corporations. (Gabaix & Landier 22) it is worth asking if all these other nations are also lagging behind in their economic growth because of this profit-based compensation, or because of CEO re-numerations, as some claim Japan is. It would also be interesting to ask if the CEOs and their lobbyists are using a lagging economy as an excuse to further widen the CEO compensation gap, rather than as a…

CompuCo Corporation is a corporation that was started in the year 2004 by Pierre Durand and Girard, who are brothers. The corporation begun as a computer retail outlet and expanded to printing of computer manual for distribution of consumer software. The company started in France and spread to other countries globally, including the United States of America, Spain, Belgium, Japan, the United Kingdom, and Germany. The corporation faced numerous challenges as it struggles to achieve its desired competitiveness. This study analyzes some of the changes that are recommendable for the corporation to adopt to enable it achieve its desired international Global Product Development strategy alongside giving some of the steps it will adopt to implement the changes. The essay also identifies of the key reasons as to why the corporation wants to expand its market to the U.S. market.
The changes I would ecommend Dr. Durand to make in the Corporation…

Aid to Dependent Corporations
The government of United States is incurring heavy revenue loss on account of the corporate sector subsidies and other special rebates. The friendly policies of the government aimed at promoting a positive business climate are sadly being exploited. In their interests to evade tax, businesses today are taking undue advantage of the favorable federal policies. In this regard I feel that our governments tax policies and corporate procedures need to be reexamined in order to eliminate the loopholes in them and at the same time support the common welfare schemes. Let us analyze the scenario in a little detail so that we can better appreciate the situation.

One by one our leading business corporations are reeling under accounting scams. I need not mention how well such a giant corporation like 'Enron' managed to disguise its financial information from the government and the stockholders. In the prevailing scenario I…

Featuring an Analysis of a Corporation
Starbucks Company Analysis

In the year 1971, Starbucks opened its first store in Seattle's Pike Place Market. At the time, it engaged in selling ground beans over a small counter. In addition, the location was an open-air market, and its beginning, was more or less similar to a hobby. The friends, who started the now renowned global company, were not profit oriented. However, the joining of Howard Schultz is the primary cause of its current growth. He first expanded to Italy, and in the year 1990, the firm began expanding in the United States. The company expanded its headquarters in Seattle, built other plants, including stores in renowned cities in nationwide (Green).

Its growth was partly because of the contracts the director negotiated with the United Airlines, Nordstrom, Barnes and Noble, and the Sheraton Hotel. In addition, the director made efforts to expand beyond the United…

Hyatt Hotel Corporation
In which state is the company incorporated?

The company is incorporated in the state of Delaware (Sections 242 and 245 of the Delaware General Corporation Law)

Review all of the articles in the articles of incorporation. Which items are required under state law? Which items are permitted under state law but not required? Explain.

Items required under state law - Section 3.2 Annual Meeting, Stockholder's notice shall be in accordance with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Section 3.8, public announcement shall include pursuant to the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated.

Items permitted under state law but not required - Section 3.4 Notice of Meetings - notice of meetings shall be given by way of written, printed or electronic notice and Section 3.11 Inspection of Elections -if required by applicable law, the Board of Directors by resolution shall appoint one or more inspectors.

Do the articles and/or bylaws contain…

Toyota Corporation
Company Overview

Toyota Motor Corporation is a Japanese company which deals with manufacture of automobile. The company is among the largest companies in the world in manufacture of automobiles. In 2008, the company was ranked the largest company for the first time in automobile industry (Wankel, 2009). The company has approximately 600 subsidiary companies in various parts of the globe. These corporations are involved in the manufacture of automobiles, commercial as well as industrial vehicles, and automobile parts. Headquarters of the company are in Toyota city, Japan.

Toyota Motor Corporation started in 1933 as a constituent of Toyoda Automatic Loom Works (Wankel, 2009). The first car to be produced by the company was the Model AA sedan, in early 1936. In 1937, the company was incorporated and it became Toyota motor company. In 1982, the company took its present name (Wankel, 2009). This is when Toyota Motor Company merged with Toyota…

They can participate in a variety of programs from credit unions to service awards, contests, and other programs. There are employee stores in many locations, and childcare facilities in California and Orlando. Because of the allure of Disney, some experts call this capturing the "heart" of the employee. They buy in to the company's belief system and represent it totally, because the entire corporate ideals mesh with their own.
Another motivational technique is an extensive training environment for all employees. They offer an Executive Development Program called "Disney Dimensions," and a program called "Disney Way" that introduces the many diversified companies to management and above, and it offers training in professional and management development. Employees also participate in programs on ethics, integrity, and diversity. Most inspirational is the e-learning program, that will allow employees anywhere in the world to continue their education online.

Motivation at Disney is mostly about the job…

Sprint Corporation
(1) Identification of issues responsible for failure of marketing services strategies of Sprint Corp in meeting customer expectations:

Sprint's 4G network offering wireless broadband services Xohm with download speeds in the range of 2 Mbps to 4 Mbps was the first commercial network across USA to use mobile WiMax technology. However because of limited availability of devices that is able to access the network, Sprint was compelled to use conventional broadband and wireless business models. This move brought the company in direct competition with the present broadband services and 3G services and the product offering was not actually satisfying an unmet customer need and hence the prospects of the service remained narrow. (eardon, 2008)

Sprint is targeting customers of existing cable and DSL cable providers with mobility. However with a small range of devices supporting WiMax currently, majority of the people purchasing the service will get similar mobility as offered by…

International Corporation Walmart
Because of the abilities of the internet and the expansion of global interests, there are many more international corporations today than there were in the past. One of the largest and most recognized of those corporations is Walmart. It operates in nearly all developed countries in the world, and is one of the largest retailers on the planet (Fishman, 2006; Zook & Graham, 2006). While it started out small, the company has grown to enormous proportions. It has become so large that some countries and some communities have taken strong and significant steps to keep the company out. Not everyone is a fan of the company, and not all countries think Walmart is good for business. The way the company comes in and "takes over" is sometimes a problem for much smaller, "mom and pop" businesses that are not able to sell as inexpensively as Walmart. For other…

This is important, because establishing high standards for executives to follow will help to promote the company's long-term interests. The reason why, is because these standards are guiding officials about how they should be interacting with various governments. When you are holding staff accountable for their actions (through the various standards that have been implemented), this helps to improve the image of organization and increase its dominance in key areas. Where, this is establishing a tradition of following the basic cultural standards within a particular region. Yet, it is drawing a line when certain activities can become unacceptable. When you put these two elements together, they are highlighting how the code of conduct will serve as a way of helping to support the most ethical activities (from company executives around the globe). ("Microsoft Standards of usiness Conduct," 2010)
Does the company have any social programs in the country/countries where it…

Kimberly-Clark Corporation is a global manufacturing and marketing company in the consumer products business. The Company is currently concentrating new marketing efforts on emerging markets of Asia, ussia and Latin America. Historically, the Company was an integrated (pulp to finished product) paper products business. It has been reducing its exposure to the basic commodity pulp manufacturing capacity in an effort to improve its profitability in the consumer tissue business. The Company operates with a high degree of ethical behavior. "Doing the right thing" is a critical aspect of the Company's business strategy. The Company's Code of Conduct sets out guidelines for all employees (worldwide) on the topics of freedom of association (right to organize), diversity and non-discrimination, global human rights, workplace safety, and fair dealing with customers, suppliers, competitors and each other. The Company was ranked fifth among the top 100 large U.S. companies by the Corporate esponsibility Magazine. Cost…

Deluxe Corporation is a leader in the check printing industry. However, recent times have struck Deluxe with financial structure problems associated with obtaining the most optimal capital structure. Therefore, the objective of this summary is to assess the recommended capital structure alternative and its impact on the current capital structure.
The current problems with the capital structure are the equity-based financing to which the company will not have the free-cash flow necessary to repurchase the company stock at the accelerated rate projected by Singh. The cash on hand that Deluxe does generate will have to go to maintaining the operating capital to finance daily operations.

Secondly, the firm does not maintain or manage flexibility in financing well. The optimal choice is to issue debt as the company as the 37% tax shield that makes the cost of debt financing very attractive due to the 1/3 reduction in cost. However, this advantage…

This plan is focused on financial stability and profitability, through the reduction of operational costs. In this business strategy, outsourcing plays a crucial role.
eferences:

Dunai, M., 2012, Hungarian town suffers as Nokia announces big layoffs, euters, http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/02/08/us-hungary-nokia-idUSTE8171OU20120208 last accessed on March 21, 2012

Haikio, M., 2002, Nokia: the inside story, Pearson Education, ISBN 0273659839

Layard, ., Nickell, S., Eichorst, W., Zimmermann, K.F., 2011, Combating unemployment, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0199609780

Louis, P.J., Nokia restructuring and issues with outsourcing strategy, Venture Outsource, http://www.ventureoutsource.com/contract-manufacturing/product-market-segments/cell-phones-handsets/nokia-restructuring-and-issues-with-outsourcing-strategy last accessed on March 21, 2012

aby, M., 2012, Nokia announces more major layoffs, TG Daily, http://www.tgdaily.com/mobility-brief/61315-nokia-announces-more-major-layoffs last accessed on March 21, 2012

ugman, a.M., 2007, Multinational enterprises from engineering markets, Berlin oundtable

ugman, a.M., 2009, the Oxford handbook of international business, 2nd edition, Oxford Handbooks Online, ISBN 0199234256

2011, Foreign minister lobbying in Helsinki to keep Nokia in Hungary, Budapest Business Journal, http://www.bbj.hu/politics/foreign-minister-lobbying-in-helsinki-to-keep-nokia-in-hungary-nepszabadsag_61055 last accessed on March 21, 2012

2012, Nokia Corporation, Hoovers, http://www.hoovers.com/company/Nokia_Corporation/crxtif-1-1njht4-1njfaq.html last…

Multinational Corporations
Globalization has a considerable effect on the way businesses are being carried out. With the tremendous growth spurred by technology and development of new business models, we see an increasing instance of corporate outsourcing. This shift is observed in the manufacturing sector also as many multinational corporations are relocating their production centers to offshore locations that offer cheap labor and material costs. The result is the loss of thousands of jobs to foreign countries. The NAFTA agreement has furthered this trend towards offshore manufacturing. The manufacturing sector which employed more than 19 million in 1979 now employs only 14 million, indicating a huge fall.[Clyde Weiss].While increased productivity due to technology may be ascribed to part of this decline, there are also significant concerns about the impact of closure of local manufacturing plants and their relocation overseas. Let us have a brief overview of this emerging practice and the implications…

DELL Computer Corp. Singapore Establish explain Ansoff's Growth Matrix DELL Computer Corp. Singapore market propose specific strategic actions DELL -establish position a global market leader PCs Industry Singapore (based Ansoff's Growth Matrix) choose focus Market penetration, Market developement, Product development Diversification propose strategy Thank .
Dell Computer Co: Market penetration in Singapore

The Dell Computer Company

While Apple and Microsoft are famous for the unique forms of technology they have created, Dell Computer achieved its success through its innovative supply chain model. What set Dell apart from its competitors was its "consumer-oriented focus" and the fact that it allowed for people to "customize their computers during the ordering process. ecause each computer was individually assembled" Dell could keep inventories fairly low and thus reduce waste, storage, and operating costs (Dell, 2010, Printer Ink Cartridges). Dell also gained a strong reputation for catering to the needs of its customers, and for being user-friendly. The…

McDonald Corporation
McDonald's is one of the most established companies in the entire world. Lately though, McDonalds has been sort of slow in their growth as their appearance has become out-of-date in the contemporary world (Royle, T., 2000). The succeeding evaluation will center on the strengths, weaknesses, budget, threats and occasions confronting the company as it endeavors to move onward and reverse the leaning of stagnated growth. The exact tactical selections that McDonald's has begun to act on will also be associated to other main corporations suffering the same destiny, particularly al-Mart. Eventually, the multiple company and practical and business strategies that McDonald's is applying will allow them to not only endure to be a leader in the market, but allow growth for the future.

Internal Strengths

McDonald's has the immense asset of brand identification. They are famous for high quality, low priced, fast and handy food possibilities in a world where…

Not only do these physical retailers represent the same level of competitive increase as the plethora of manufacturers with whom Tolapp is competing, but there are also online retailers and distributors that have very low overhead costs and even larger selections of appliances and competing products, meaning consumers have many different choices available to them other than the Tolapp Corporation not only when it comes to selecting an appliance manufacturer, but even more so in the retail market (QuickMBA, 2012). Though Tolapp might be able to derive some competitive advantage as a manufacturer and retailer, competition for consumer attention will be extreme.
An overall analysis of the manufacturing and the retail markets for appliances leads to some clear implications for the Tolapp Corporation. No matter what the company decides to do or how it decides to grow, it will face serious competition. At this time, focusing on growth and countering…

Each will be tied to different tactical objectives and timeframes. The effectiveness of the process will be measured in terms of adherence to time frames, cost and key market variables such as penetration and market share. Each variable should be quantitative to facilitate ease of measurement and evaluation.
A wide variety of legal issues will need to be considered. Doing business is foreign countries creates significant exposure to risk, in that the foreign legal environment can be substantially different from the domestic one. The nature and intensity of these differences will be considered. Also, it will be considered if there are any legal or ethical considerations domestically as a result of overseas expansion. To use an extreme example, setting up a factory in Cuba would create a host of legal and ethical concerns that would need to be accounted for in the option evaluation process. It will be critical to…

What Sony needs to do is concentrate on creating a mobile Web-enabled series of devices, supporting services, and segmented digital content in both music-based and video content. In short, Sony needs to create an economic ecosystem that rivals the Apple ecosystem as shown in Figure 2, Apple Digital Content Ecosystem:
Figure 2: Apple Digital Content Ecosystem

Source: (Apple Investor elations, 2009)

The most critical objective for the three-year planning horizon for Sony is to emulate the model shown in Figure 2 and apply entirely new series of metrics to how they evaluate integration and cross-model compatibility of their entire product line. The strategic objective for the coming three years has to be centered on creating a scalable ecosystem that can deliver a continual stream of revenues through the licensing of digital music and video content in addition to the introduction of entirely new devices into this ecosystem that have not yet been…

HTC
High Tech Computer Corporation, known almost universally by the acronym HTC, is a Taiwan-based designer and manufacturer of smartphone devices. The company generally creates a base design, gives it a "codename," such as Hermes, and then offers the devices to be sold rebranded by other companies, such as i-mate, or networks, such as T-Mobile or Orange. In 2006 HTC started offering devices in some markets under their own HTC brand (Benou, 2007). The company has long used its own Dopod house brand to sell devices directly in Asia. HTC anticipates continued growth in the smartphone sector (Colombo, 2010). The convenience and excitement delivered by the plethora of mobile digital applications available such as location-based services, multimedia entertainment, social networking services, and e-books continue to push smartphones to the fore of mobile phone purchase choices and increase penetration of smartphones in the mobile phone market (Butler, 2009). One of the games…