Designs Essays (Examples)

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Analytic Epidemiology Designs:
In 2011, the United States Food and Drug Administration reported a shortage of vital chemotherapy drugs, which in turn interfered with clinical trials and contributed to probable challenges in evaluating data from those studies. According to the National Institutes of Health, considerable research trials were hindered by shortages of drugs for treatment of infectious diseases and cancer (Allen, 2011). One of the most important aspects of the advancement of disease prevention and treatment is experimental research that incorporates clinical trials. After the establishment of a risk factor, an intervention is usually tested through experimental research methods and designs. In this case, the most important thing is to examine whether the drug essentially prevents or ameliorates symptoms. Experimental research plays a crucial role in analytic epidemiology to an extent it's considered as the "gold standard" of the process.

Epidemiological Context of HIV / AIDS:

Epidemiological study for HIV / AIDS has….

Validity in Quantitative esearch Designs
Validity Quantitative esearch Designs Validity research refers extent researchers confident effect identify research fact causal relationships. If low validity a study, means research design flawed results .

Threats to internal validity in quasi-experimental designs

Quasi-experimental studies have several issues that lead to lack of internal validity of the study. These occur as a result of the experimental conditions not being highly controlled or randomized. This leads to intervention and control groups being nonequivalent leading to issues with study design. This is what is evidenced in the study conducted by Yuan et al. (2009)

where five units assigned a number of 8 to 10 voluntary participants to either the experimental or control groups. There is thought to be a risk of bias in assigning participants to the two groups as a result of this. This comes from the random error that occurs on measurements across the two different groups. This….

Sampling Designs and Evaluability Assessments
Identify and discuss 2 types sampling designs, their benefits and limitations

In essence, non-probability sampling and probability sampling are the only two types of sampling designs.

Non-probability sampling:

A researcher selects a small proportion of the units to represent the whole. The selection is deliberate without any defined procedure. For example, if the objective of the researcher is to study the economic conditions of a particular population residing in a defined area. The researcher deliberately chooses a few towns or cities to represent the entire area under study (Levy & Lemeshow, 2008). Based on the objectives and specificity of the study, the following are some of the sampling techniques under the non-probability sampling.

Purposive or Judgmental Sample

In purposive or judgmental sampling, the researcher selects the sample based on the familiarity of the population and the objectives of the study. The researcher prefers using a purposive sample because the sample under….

True" Experiments vs. Quasi-Experimental Designs
What qualities of the quasi-experimental design are evident in this study?

This study was specifically designed to test the efficacy of a new program designed to improve police responses to cases involving domestic violence. Through the Second esponders Program, trained social workers would follow police after domestic violence-related calls and provide victims with counseling and information about social support services if the victims wished to leave their abusive partners. To evaluate the program, "field researchers contacted eligible subjects and attempted to interview them within 1 week of the domestic violence incident to which police were called; the second interview took place 6 months later" (Lane et al. 2004: 4).

Because the city of ichmond implemented the Second esponders Program in only two of its four police precincts, the researchers chose to use as a control group the precincts where the program was not implemented. The experimental group….

categories of research designs: true experiment, factorial, quasi-experiment, and ex post facto. Under each broad category, there are a number of more specific research designs. For instance, a co-relational design in which the researcher aims to determine the relationship between two or more variables falls under the category of ex post facto designs. Your research design represents the structure of your study. In other words, it reflects the number and type of variables you are studying and the number and type of groups you are using. esearch methods are used to carry out research designs. esearch methods fall under two broad categories: quantitative (e.g., survey, experiment) and qualitative (e.g., case study, grounded theory, ethnography, etc.).
Your problem statement and research questions will help determine your research design, and your research design will help determine your research method.

Using the feedback your instructor gave you following your initial premise in Week 1….

88). To make the non-experimental anthropological study of freshman in a dorm room experimental, a study could be constructed of multiple variable factors (such as high school grades, number of roommates, major, gender) to determine what variables were present in students with higher grades. By submitting questionnaire to students in the dorm room and determining which variables, when present, seemed to correlate with higher grades and were potential 'causal' factors in higher grades, the researchers could then call their endeavor an experimental study. (Note that in this experiment there would be no formal control group, instead seeing what clusters of variables were present in high-achieving students would be the focus).
In general, the great advantage of experiments over other study designs is that, with an experimental design, you can more easily demonstrate cause-and-effect relationships. Doing a simple observational case study of students on a dorm hall would expose the researcher to….


There is also the perpetual problem with qualitative research: namely because it is a single sample size, the study might only be representative of one particular population. However, some qualitative researchers argue that any type of research is subjective: they believe that even the approach of quantitative research disguises idiosyncratic aspects of reality and even the most rigorously empirical construct says more about a researcher's biases than an external reality. The many subjective beliefs about post-tenure review itself within a single department are manifest in the varied responses of faculty members as to the impact of such reviews in Wood & Johnson's study (2005, p. 425). Thus, it may actually be more valuable to study one department, and let readers decide for themselves if the process is appropriate for their educational environment.

Selecting several representative departments (one at a small liberal arts school, one at a large university and selecting departments….

It would seem like bias would be eliminated that way, but this is not the case. There can be associations found on both group and individual levels, and that can be misleading (Goodman, uehler, & Koplan, 1990). A researcher who notices this kind of association can be led to believe that it is something taking place on a group level, where it should actually be attributed to the people in the group on an individual level. It is called ecological bias when this happens, but these studies still have their place. They are less expensive than many other types of studies, and they are also quicker, as they can often be conducted with information that has already been published by other researchers or with public records information (Yehuda & McFarlane, 1995).
The cross sectional study is designed to gather information from a point in time, and from a specific population.….

Posters Designs
Art posters have been particularly important during wartime, as they were responsible for influencing the masses to get actively engaged in joining the war. James Montgomery Flagg's "I Want You for the U.S. Army" (1916) poster is probably one of the most recognized artworks meant to have normal citizens identify with individuals on the front. Similarly, J. Howard Miller's 1942 poster "We Can Do It!" had the purpose of persuading Americans to assist war efforts any way that they could. Whereas Flagg's poster was directly implying that it was mandatory for Americans to join the army, Miller's seems to be addressing a larger public -- one that can contribute to the war through a diverse set of activities.

"I Want You for the U.S. Army" and "We Can Do It" were practically meant to sell the war to simple Americans, considering that they were most likely impressed with the….

Companies frequently fall in love with the data-rich results and think that the results are projectable. This supposition is wrong. Projectabilty is not possible, as the analysis is slanted and deals with a small size. Another general misapprehension is the belief that qualitative research will always give perfect deductions. Actually, the results will not give companies with perfect deductions, but only with adequate information to set up a firm basis for decision-making. Hence, if one wants strength in numbers, we can select quantitative research; when size is not the main factor, qualitative research is one's best choice. (Fitzgerald, 2000)
The choice of whether to select a quantitative or a qualitative design is a theoretical one. It must be kept in mind that these are two different viewpoints, which are not essentially polar opposites, though they seem to be opposites. Actually, basics of both methods can be used together in mixed-methods….

However, Adam received many important private commissions, his designs were highly sought after and they had a more lasting influence than Chambers'.
As a youth, obert went to the oyal High School, Edinburgh and entered the University of Edinburgh in 1743. His schooling was cut short by illness and the Jacobite ising of 1745, so he and his older brother, John, assisted their father in the family business of stonemasonry and architecture. The two brothers then formed a business as partners that became known as the "Adam Brothers."

The Adam Brothers' first commission was decorating the state apartments in Edinburgh, on the first floor at Hopetoun House. They then were commissioned to do projects at Fort George, Dumfries House and Inverarary.

Adam, now becoming a leading Neoclassical designer in England, left to continue his schooling by making the "Grand Tour," traveling to France and Italy in the 1750's and acquainting himself with….

Criminal Justice
There are a large number of study designs that can be used to better understand issues in social sciences, including criminal justice (USC, 2014). Before a study design can be applied to a particular phenomenon or problem, however, they must be understood in terms of the strengths and weaknesses. In addition, most study designs will not be appropriate for a given situation and research goal. To better understand the strengths and weaknesses of particular study designs and appropriate applications this essay will discuss five that would be useful in criminal justice research. Two of these methods will then be used to explore how they could be used to study a professional practice issue in criminal justice.

Study Designs

Exploratory Study Design

Exploratory research is used when little is understood about a particular phenomenon and there is the possibility of future research using more quantitative methods (USC, 2014). The goals are primarily to….

Causation cannot be inferred from non-experimental designs, only relationships. This type of design allows researchers to observe how certain factors co-exist in a natural environment, without any experimental intervention. This allows researchers a first step in testing hypotheses and theories as to what causes a certain phenomenon.
When a study is lacking in internal validity, it means that confounding variables within the study were not successfully eliminated. In other words, certain factors are present in the study that puts into question whether or not the outcomes being measured or observed are really due to the manipulated variable or the condition under study. When a study is lacking in external validity, the findings of the study can not be readily generalized to the population at large. This may be due to a lack of randomization in the sample used for the study. Internal and external validity are inextricably intertwined, and affect….

Qualitative Study Designs
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DEVEEUX EALY CHILDHOOD ASSESSMENT (DECA) program
Devereux Early Childhood Assessment Tool and Qualitative esearch

The Devereux Early Childhood Assessment Program (DECA) is a set of tools for teachers to assess their students' academic performance and social behaviors in order to catch any potential issues early on in order to address them as soon as possible. The program allows teachers to use assessment strategies in order to keep track of their students' progress in the most fundamental steps of development. Due to its very unique and tailored approach, this is a program which could easily facilitate qualitative research methodologies. The DECA program provides teachers with assessment questions and survey materials in order for each teacher to make cognitive recognition of potential patterns. The research shows how the program asks teachers questions "to assess for attachment (e.g., 'During the past 4 weeks, how often did the child do things for himself?'), self-control (e.g., 'During….


Demographic Questions: Age, gender, ethnicity, income, occupation type, employment status, household size

Product/Brand Usage/Purchase questions: How frequent does he/she use such products? What brands are in the home now? How old are these products / how often are kitchen appliances purchased? What attributes are preferred in kitchen appliances? Is the person satisfied with their kitchen appliances?

Lifestyle Questions: How often does the person cook at home? his/her spouse? How sophisticated is the cooking? What types of foods are cooked? Questions can also be asked that are product specific (i.e. how often do you use your blender for smoothies; hand blender for soups, etc.). Ask about styling in general -- the importance of styling in furniture and home decor. Inquire what the customer thinks about the styling on the products that they are presented with. A control group could be asked blindly, with another group informed that the styles are European, to see….

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3 Pages
Essay

Disease

Analytic Epidemiology Designs In 2011 the United

Words: 1020
Length: 3 Pages
Type: Essay

Analytic Epidemiology Designs: In 2011, the United States Food and Drug Administration reported a shortage of vital chemotherapy drugs, which in turn interfered with clinical trials and contributed to probable…

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4 Pages
Essay

Health - Nursing

Validity in Quantitative Research Designs Validity Quantitative

Words: 1280
Length: 4 Pages
Type: Essay

Validity in Quantitative esearch Designs Validity Quantitative esearch Designs Validity research refers extent researchers confident effect identify research fact causal relationships. If low validity a study, means research design flawed…

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5 Pages
Essay

Race

Sampling Designs and Evaluability Assessments Identify and

Words: 1441
Length: 5 Pages
Type: Essay

Sampling Designs and Evaluability Assessments Identify and discuss 2 types sampling designs, their benefits and limitations In essence, non-probability sampling and probability sampling are the only two types of sampling designs. Non-probability…

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2 Pages
Essay

Criminal Justice

True Experiments vs Quasi-Experimental Designs What Qualities

Words: 594
Length: 2 Pages
Type: Essay

True" Experiments vs. Quasi-Experimental Designs What qualities of the quasi-experimental design are evident in this study? This study was specifically designed to test the efficacy of a new program designed…

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2 Pages
Essay

Children

Categories of Research Designs True Experiment Factorial

Words: 580
Length: 2 Pages
Type: Essay

categories of research designs: true experiment, factorial, quasi-experiment, and ex post facto. Under each broad category, there are a number of more specific research designs. For instance, a…

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3 Pages
Essay

Teaching

Experimental and Nonexperimental Designs Experimental

Words: 1020
Length: 3 Pages
Type: Essay

88). To make the non-experimental anthropological study of freshman in a dorm room experimental, a study could be constructed of multiple variable factors (such as high school grades, number…

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3 Pages
Thesis

Teaching

Hypothetical Designs Three Hypothetical Study

Words: 965
Length: 3 Pages
Type: Thesis

There is also the perpetual problem with qualitative research: namely because it is a single sample size, the study might only be representative of one particular population. However, some…

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3 Pages
Thesis

Disease

Epidemiological Study Designs When Doing

Words: 1135
Length: 3 Pages
Type: Thesis

It would seem like bias would be eliminated that way, but this is not the case. There can be associations found on both group and individual levels, and…

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2 Pages
Essay

Military

Compare and Contrast Posters Designs

Words: 620
Length: 2 Pages
Type: Essay

Posters Designs Art posters have been particularly important during wartime, as they were responsible for influencing the masses to get actively engaged in joining the war. James Montgomery Flagg's…

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2 Pages
Term Paper

Business

Quantitative vs Qualitative Research Designs

Words: 925
Length: 2 Pages
Type: Term Paper

Companies frequently fall in love with the data-rich results and think that the results are projectable. This supposition is wrong. Projectabilty is not possible, as the analysis is…

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6 Pages
Term Paper

Architecture

Robert Adam Adam's Compelling Designs

Words: 2279
Length: 6 Pages
Type: Term Paper

However, Adam received many important private commissions, his designs were highly sought after and they had a more lasting influence than Chambers'. As a youth, obert went to the…

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4 Pages
Term Paper

Criminal Justice

Common Study Designs for Criminal Justice

Words: 1163
Length: 4 Pages
Type: Term Paper

Criminal Justice There are a large number of study designs that can be used to better understand issues in social sciences, including criminal justice (USC, 2014). Before a study design…

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2 Pages
Term Paper

Teaching

Experimental Quasi-Experimental and Non-Experimental Designs

Words: 580
Length: 2 Pages
Type: Term Paper

Causation cannot be inferred from non-experimental designs, only relationships. This type of design allows researchers to observe how certain factors co-exist in a natural environment, without any experimental…

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2 Pages
Discussion Chapter

Children

Qualitative Study Designs

Words: 596
Length: 2 Pages
Type: Discussion Chapter

DEVEEUX EALY CHILDHOOD ASSESSMENT (DECA) program Devereux Early Childhood Assessment Tool and Qualitative esearch The Devereux Early Childhood Assessment Program (DECA) is a set of tools for teachers to assess their…

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2 Pages
Essay

Business - Advertising

Innovative Designs I Would Design

Words: 577
Length: 2 Pages
Type: Essay

Demographic Questions: Age, gender, ethnicity, income, occupation type, employment status, household size Product/Brand Usage/Purchase questions: How frequent does he/she use such products? What brands are in the home now? How…

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