Human Behavior Essays (Examples)

Human Behavior and Relationships in

The roles that males and females may also vary -- although a woman biologically gives birth to a child, a man may assume more or less care for the child, depending upon the situation of a couple. A man who loses his job and has a wife who must support the family temporarily may care for his child, even though a biological explanation for human behavior might theorize that a man has less of a hormonal attachment to the child, and the species would benefit if males generated more children with a wider range of females.

The psychodynamic approach also examines the interaction between culture and biology but from a more personal perspective, given its origins in psychoanalysis. Freud asked the question of why human beings marry outside of their kinship group, even though the first object of affection for both men and women is the mother, specifically the mother's breast during the oral stage of human development (Stevenson, 1996). Culture dictates that the child submit to the father and sublimate the Oedipal desire to kill the father, thus resulting in a more stable society, for no society could exist where parricide was condoned. Biological explanations would note, however, this…… [Read More]

Human Behavior Values Cultural Design and Control

Human Behavior: Values, Cultural Design, And Control

We are all controlled by the world in which we live, and part of the world has been and will be constructed by men. The question is this: Are we to be controlled by accidents, by tyrants, or by ourselves in effective cultural design?" - B.F. Skinner

Cultural Design is much like "instrumental conditioning," where people are conditioned to respond favorably to a situation or stimulus that produces positive reinforcement. Pavlov first introduced the idea of conditioning in animals. Conditioning or cultural design however, can also be related to human behavior. How exactly does cultural design relate to the concepts of dignity vs. punishment? Why are moral struggles considered noteworthy to so many people?

The plight of so many individuals is finding purpose and function in life. One may argue that by subjecting persons to punishment, their dignity suffers and thus they are positively reinforced to produce only positive outcomes. Cultural Design however, implicitly connotes ideas of control and responsible, restriction of freedom and values. These ideas and more are explored below.

Ultimately the goal of conditioning or design is to predict behavior. The side effects of punishment may be considered conditioning to…… [Read More]

Human Behavior Explored in the

The characters of God, Stan, and Jesus are also significant in this epic and because they are considered valuable in their roles in the poem, we can assume that Milton found similar value with these characters in life itself. Through these characters, Milton is presenting not only a hierarchy but also a way in which things should operate. God's supremacy is unquestionable in this realm and demonstrated early in the poem through events leading to Satan's attempt to overthrow him. In addition, Adam and Eve have free will, which also allows us to see the power of God through his creations. He did not create robots but real creatures that can make their own decisions -- even when they will be the worst decision of their lives. This foundation provides the perfect backdrop to the story of man and his behavior as he walks this earth.

Adam and Eve prove to be the most effective characters is Milton's attempt to depict mankind. They are the ultimate man and woman endowed with qualities that their descendants could only dream about as they contemplate perfection. Perfection becomes the thing that Adam and Eve take for granted and in this act, they are…… [Read More]

Human Behavior and the Social Environment Family Challenges

Human Behavior and the Social Environment: Family Challenges

Human interactions are guided by the ability of every player to get close to the other in such a manner that allows each of them to handle the issues that affect them. This is mostly witnessed in a family setup, where the people are made to understand the best of what can upset them at all times. This is where the players in a family setup have to consider making up with their desires and addressing everyone's concern for the sake of the family unity. In most instances, the people who must be accommodated are the children because their happiness is premised on the guidance from parents (Papero, 2010). The two most essential theories used to foster our understanding of family relationships are the family systems theory and the attachment theory.

Attachment Theory

Attachment theory explains how the human beings in every setting have to interact and handle their relationships for helping each other stay comfortably. In the case study, Alice and her daughter Maria are seen to be engaged in a relationship challenge. Alice is full of irresponsibility and lacking the ability the parental instinct that a mother must have. Evidently,…… [Read More]

Human Behavior Theories

Human Behavior Theories Application

There are several factors that have been used to explain human behavior in the past and there have been accurate instances that these theories have proven to be applicable and true. The subject of this human behavior study application will be a close friend with whom we study in college. Vincent (not real name) has been a friend from the mid childhood years and we have been through high school together and now at the college. He is an engineering student who has all along proven to be very committed to the academics and been leading in position and performance in high school. Vincent is 19 years old and of the African-American race, his family resides in California and most of the extended family members value collective living and not living separately in different cities. He is not from a rich background and depends mostly on educational grants to go trough his studies. The family struggles with average jobs to ensure the family is provided for and they highly value collective efforts in helping one of them if there is some need that arises. The family does not only depend on average jobs that have little…… [Read More]

Human Behavior to Understand the Range of

human behavior to understand the range of behaviors that people show under the influence of emotions, parenting, culture, attitudes, values, ethics, force and genetics. It is understood through this research how the human behavior can be usual or unusual and acceptable or acceptable. The main focus is on the work of social scientists including Finn, Jacobson, and Payne. Finn and Jacobson wrote an article "Just practice: Steps toward a new practice paradigm" and Payne presented "Modern social work theory." The human behavior theories presented in these two articles are offered here for the purpose of analysis and understanding. There are different behavioral elements that a person can show for example respect, discrimination; cooperation and collaboration (Focus on social work, 2009). It is not possible to behave equally with all the human beings because, articles suggest, emotions play an important role in defining human behavior but at least there should be respect and empathy in human behavior towards all the people in order to justify the right behavior of a social worker. Following is the paper that will deeply discuss the human behavior theories and perspectives as presented by Finn, Jacobson, and Payne in their work.

Human Behavior perspective

There is…… [Read More]

Human Behavior Is Critical to Organizations --

Human Behavior is critical to organizations -- discuss the benefits of self-evaluation/self-assessment as it relates to leaders today 'Understanding human behavior is critical to organizations:'

Discuss the benefits of self-evaluation/self-assessment as it relates to leaders today 'Know thyself.' This principle is not only a vital cornerstone of philosophy and psychology -- it is very important in the world of commerce. Without self-knowledge, a business leader is unable to effectively lead others, particularly persons of different personality types or who come from alternate cultural worldviews. Without engaging in self-assessment, managers cannot understand the needs of subordinates or superiors, customers, or unexpected situational requirements. Self-assessments and self-evaluations, when properly conducted "can lead to the development of a strategic organizational plan with clearly defined short-term and long-term goals, measurable objectives, identified fiscal and personnel resources, and enhanced consumer and community partnerships" (Self-assessments, 2013, NCCC).

To better understand the need for self-assessments, examining an example of a common self-assessment tool is helpful. The DISC self-assessment classifies all workers according to three basic personality types: it determines, based upon a series of questions, if a worker is a dominant, influential, steady, or conscientious-style employee (DISC, 2013, Changing Minds). Dominant leaders thrive in an environment in…… [Read More]

Human Behavior and Social Environment

Democracy Now

Human Behavior And Social Environment

Democracy Now episode critique

Sundance Film Festival

URL: http://www.democracynow.org/

Date of the show: January 24, 2011

Tax Justice Network USA chair Jack Blum; Sheena Joyce, co-director of the new documentary The Atomic States of America, and Robert Redford

This show profiles several movie-makers with features being shown at the Sundance Film Festival. The films deal with areas of social justice. The first speaker appears as a 'talking head' in a documentary entitled We're Not Broke, a film on the widespread phenomenon of corporate tax evasion in America. The second speaker, the director Sheena Joyce, discusses America's long and troubling relationship with the use of nuclear power. The final speaker, Robert Redford, is a well-known actor and director as well as the creator of the Sundance Film Festival. He designed the festival to showcase radical and independent films offering a different perspective upon American public issues.

Rationale (3-5)

The main reason I chose this feature was because the media has been subjected to great scrutiny and criticism in recent months, in terms of the way it covers political issues. However, this program demonstrates that many 'liberal' issues do not receive a great deal of…… [Read More]

Human Behavior in Relation to

Much has been said about violence and the media, but media in general is causing extensive health problems for our nation, too. A parenting Web site notes, "Children who consistently spend more than 4 hours per day watching TV are more likely to be overweight. Kids who view violent acts are more likely to show aggressive behavior but also fear that the world is scary and that something bad will happen to them" (Editors, 2010). Most everyone knows that obesity is a substantial problem facing the nation, and childhood obesity is growing dramatically, as well. The sedentary behavior of watching television and playing video games only contributes to this problem, as does the nation's obsession with fast food and processed food. Interestingly enough, the media is rampant with fast food and junk food advertising, and the children watching these ads clamor for the latest junk foods, so while children are sedentary while they watch the media, they also soak up advertising, which can be just another problem for the health and well being of these future generations.

Many may not think violence in the media is that pervasive, but studies indicate it occurs much more than many people think. The…… [Read More]

Human Behavior a Factor in Assuring Reliable

human behavior a factor in assuring reliable protection?

Because even the most robust and advanced system is not going to work reliability or effectively if the administrators and/or users do not operate and administer it effectively and/or do not know how. Either people know or they do not know and if they do know, the question is do they/will they?

Why is proper understanding so important to effective information security?

Because knowing a rule is one thing. However, understanding why it is necessary and proper is yet another. Knowing why things can or must be done a certain way is important in reinforcing why the procedure is called for or necessary.

How are levels of advanced knowledge reached? Why is a capability hierarchy necessary?

Advanced levels of knowledge can only be effectively reached when lower levels are already learned and firmly in place. A hierarchy is necessary because not unlike a project management trek, one task can (or should/must) precede the other. For example, one would need to know how to open the hood of a car before trying to learn anything about rebuilding an engine.

4. Differentiate awareness from training and then from education.

Awareness is simply knowing what…… [Read More]

Human Behavior Is Critical to Organizations -

Human Behavior is critical to organizations - discuss the benefits of self-Evaluation/self-assessment

There are myriad benefits associated with self-evaluations and self-assessments as they relate to leaders today. In fact, one can argue that such assessments help to provide the very foundation of leadership. It is critical for a leader in today's organizations, which have an increasing amount of diversity to contend with (and which is considered "good for business") (Galer, 2014), to determine a leadership style to lead most effectively. Doing so requires understanding the strengths and assets of one's organization, as well as the strengths, assets and weaknesses of one's self. The principle way that self-assessments can help today's leaders is by providing an objective means of measuring the latter.

It is essential for a leader to conduct self-assessments fairly regularly, for the simple fact that there are several mutable factors pertaining to leadership and individual "traits" (Reilly, 2013) that are likely to change for a leader over time. Many of these are simply the resources that such a leader has to utilize for achieving organization, professional, and even personal objectives. For instance, technology is liable to change over finite, relatively short durations of time. Similarly human resources personnel…… [Read More]

Human Behavior and the Social Environment Hbse

Tuck Everlasting:

Human Behavior and the Social Environment (HBSE) and the life cycle

The Tuck family in the young adult novel Tuck Everlasting is in many ways shut off from the normal processes of development: it is denied the ability to grow older and thus its members remain in the same stage as when they were granted immortality. Most individuals proceed through a period of biological, psychological, and sociological development particular to the individual's life cycle. For example, it would be expected that Jessie Tuck would eventually leave his parents, start his own family, and then begin to age like his mother and father (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman 2009: 7). As parents gradually take on the infirmities expected of those growing older, quite often children will become caretakers of the elderly, restoring the favor the elderly bestowed upon them as children (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman 2009: 618-619). However, the Tuck family lives in a state of social suspension. Jessie cannot enter into relationships with other people outside the family because he is immortal. Also, his parents remain in a relatively powerful dynamic in relation to Jessie (it is they who decide to keep Winnie at first, fearing she will reveal the secret…… [Read More]

Human Science Sources and Human Behavior Related

human science sources and human behavior related articles and literature. There will be a deep analysis of what had been written about the sleep trends and the activity of the human brain, the optimum sleep hours required for optimum performance. Some of the search terms that will feature in this research literature will be cognitive ability (Thoracic Sleep Group, 2010) to refer to the extent to which the various participants are able to recognize concepts and imbibe them. Wakefulness is yet another term that will feature to refer to the ability and the duration that participants are able to comfortably pay attention to academic issues in class or library. Sleep deprivation (Steadyhealth, 2007) is yet another term that will be predominantly used in this case to refer to the lack of sleep hours that are equal to the average sleep hours that will have been calculated from the collected data in the research.

Hypothesis

The hypothesis in this case will be that there is a relationship between getting enough sleep and performing well at school. The better the student gets quality and sufficient sleep, the better the concentration during the school hours hence boosting the concentration of the student and…… [Read More]

Human Behavior Has Long Been

Abnormal psychology, a sub-field of psychology, has no established core theory, unlike other scientific disciplines such as math, physics, or chemistry (Long, 2009). In order to treat patients with psychological disorders, professionals in the field use knowledge gained from clinical psychology studies, particularly information gained from studies related to psychopathology. Beginning in the 1900's, researchers proposed several theories and treatments of abnormal psychology which centered on the relationship of psychological, physical, and social conditions in the individual and society. During its beginnings, psychology was often studied in conjunction with philosophy, but today it is more commonly applied in the fields of neurology and physiology (Comer, 2003). Modern day psychological theories have found practical applications within the areas of business, personal development, computers, health and even sports. This holds true for the field of abnormal psychology as well.

Models

Studies in abnormal psychology follow three different theoretical models (Long, 2009). These models are used to identify and possibly treat abnormal behavior, and are labeled as psychosocial, biological/medical and sociocultural. A brief look at each will define their applications in the discipline.

The psychosocial model deals with an individual's personal interactions with their environment (Long, 2009). Psychosocial study focuses on stress triggers…… [Read More]

Explanation Behind Observed Human Behavior

Human behavior observation that will be made here entails observing a willing participant who is a student at a local college. The observation will run through five days with each observation span lasting 30 minutes from 9:00 PM which is the time that the college library closes and 9:30 PM which is the regular time that the participating student indicated that he usually sleep. This timing was deemed appropriate since it would not significantly interfere with the academic activities of the student as the behavior observation exercise was meant to uphold the rights of the student and the ethics necessary. The aim of the observation will be to see if there are any behavioral changes in the participant across the week from Monday through to Friday and to locate the possible causes of these behavioral changes.

The college is located away from any major town and majority of the students live within the student housing units where they interact freely and frequently. There are a number of degrees that are offered in the college, from the science-based to the social sciences hence a mixture of students pursuing different degrees. The college is based on liberal principles and there is no…… [Read More]

Understanding Human Behavior in a Religious Environment

Human Behavior in the Social Environment

The way human beings behave when they are in a social environment varies as compared to when they are alone. In isolation, people will behave in such a manner that portrays their identity. However, when in the company of many people in a social place, people tend to experience tension and the desire to please other arises. Therefore, the kind of personality people show when in the public watch is likely to be misleading (Dewey, 2013). This study gives an account of what was experienced by the researcher while in the in a church service. In this church session, the worshippers are freely interacting. The observer notes everything about them including their ethnicity.

The interaction session

At the interactive session, the people here noted to be having their discussions in some groupings. These groupings were made up of women, men or children isolated groups. This shows that the people here were interested in making groups for themselves that were based on gender. The people in this forum demonstrated that they were not interested in intermingling across the genders. The organization theory holds that people who share a common believe will easily interact than those…… [Read More]

Understanding of Human Behavior

Human Relation -- A Social Science Perspective

Fundamental differences between the social sciences and the natural sciences

Science is commonly taken to be an attempt at predicting, understanding, and explaining our world, using distinctive modes of analysis for developing theories. However, defining a collection of attributes that distinguish sciences from religion, fortune telling, astrology and other such disciplines (not categorized under sciences), which also aim at understanding and explaining our world, is not a simple task (Okasha, 2002). Wittgenstein maintained, in the context of games, that no fixed group of features exists for defining a "game" -- one can, however, find a loose collection of common features that most games possess; Okasha feels that sciences can also be explained in a similar manner. On the basis of some common features among sciences, two branches of science -- social and natural sciences -- will be contrasted in this paper (Donmez & Domigall, 2011).

Social sciences

The field of social science focuses on human society, societal institutions, social groups, social relationships among people, and cultural and material goods as manifestations of human coexistence. Different branches of study in social sciences all address the above subjects (Bayer, 1992).

The scientific study of human…… [Read More]

Ecosystem Effects of Human Behavior on Ecosystem

Ecosystem

Effects of Human Behavior on Ecosystem

Humans often have the ability to remake an ecosystem entirely, disturbing every aspect of it to the extent that the ecosystem can be changed so much that it is destroyed. This paper examines one ecosystem that has been significantly damaged by human behavior and then projects what future human behavior might bring to this environment.

The ecosystem that I will examine is that of the Owens Valley in central California. This area has been the subject of a number of studies about environmental change (and harm) as well as decades of political rancor. This last is an essential part of the discussion about the fate of many ecosystems, and one that is too often ignored when assessing environmental change. In the case of the Owens Valley, the political climate of California must be considered a key element of the environment.

The abiotic feature of Owens Valley include its geographic elements. Even before most of its water was diverted to Southern California via a series of aqueducts it was an arid region (Reisner, 1993, p. 24). The Sierra Nevada mountain range creates a rain shadow over the valley, which results in the mountains' preventing…… [Read More]

Hospers' View of Human Behavior

The desire to change itself must be implanted with schooling, and may have its roots in genetic factors. However, it is equally impossible to predict with absolute certainty, even given known genetic and environmental circumstances, who will flourish. What of the 40% of individuals with the same genetic makeup and social influences who do not become schizophrenic? Unlike a stamp-imprinter, a human being apparently 'set' at an early age can make a surprisingly unique and better 'stamp' than its designers might expect. Additionally, many individuals with favorable life circumstances do not succeed, despite the stamp label manufacture's belief that their imprint is perfect, given the care put into the design.

Of course, Hospers would say this is due to other factors beyond the individual's control or the observer's perception -- but ultimately, the way his philosophy of determinism functions seems like a self-fulfilling prophesy and only works when rationalizing backwards from an individual's known life outcome. It is thus of limited utility as a prescription for planning one's life and making ethical decisions, like most deterministic philosophies.… [Read More]

Menace II Society Human Behavior

The question that Caine struggles with is whether life has any real meaning, taking into account the ugly, cruel, but still unimaginably changeable circumstances under which many people are able to live -- "in particular, young black men caught in a web of presumption and prejudice about their alleged natures and what they might be capable of -- becomes the fundamental question" (Flory 2008) for Caine and for the entire film.

environmental perspective. Less than thirty minutes into the Menace II Society, Caine's grandfather asks him if he even cares if he lives or dies. This question is a philosophical topic, as suggested by Camus, but it is also a psychological question because what happens when a person becomes ambivalent about their life? And what drives them to become so? There is some suggestion that focusing on race by delineating how a presumed guilt of African-Americans and other related conditions (e.g. family, drugs, street life, etc.) may force them to think a certain way as well as force them into making certain choices that may not only degrade them but that they find difficult to avoid (Flory 2008). It is important when analyzing Caine's character that there are many extraneous…… [Read More]

Human Behavior in Organizations Understanding Human Behavior

Human Behavior in Organizations

Understanding human behavior is critical in organizations

The existence of an organization does depend on the employees; therefore, it is important to understand human behavior. Understanding human behavior will make it easy to work in an organization composed of employees with different personality, attitudes, values, perception, motives, and abilities. Managers should understand behavior because they work with people; interact with them in terms of communication, and in terms of work. Managers should understand the likelihood of individual differences arising among the employees. When a manager notes a difference, the next thing to do is learning the source of the difference. By so doing, the manager will leverage the difference effectively because the complexity is understood; therefore, managers may understand why people behave differently. This case is evident in organizations with a diverse workforce; therefore, managers should recognize the cultural differences that may exist (Brett, Behfar and Kern, 2006).

Behavior is unpredictable and managers cannot perform satisfactorily without understanding the people around him or her. Employees behave differently in their workplaces and the organizations may require understanding their individual differences. Instead of managers wasting time in judging the differences between individuals, job tasks, they should understand the…… [Read More]

Human Behavior Psychopathology Human Behavior

Case Study

Modified Gestalt theory would support the idea that Chris has a strong genetic predisposition for developing schizophrenia, given his brother's illness. He was raised in an unstable home environment, because of his father's alcoholism that may have exacerbated the young Chris' sense of constant stress and his difficulty to perceive the world in a hostile, non-threatening fashion. Chris is rational at times, other times he is paranoid, and goes through various degrees of awareness about his state of rationality (hence the usefulness of the Gestalt stress on the 'present point in time' to describe sanity). A resumption of medication may be necessary, although this may not be necessary for throughout the duration of Chris' life.

Chris has been disturbed by a shift in the relationship of his marriage. His wife wishes to have another child and he has just unexpectedly re-encountered a threatening individual from his past. Psychotic episodes can be trigged by negative life events, and Christ perceives his wife's request as a negative stress. He has also suffered a mild physical trauma to his ankle which disturbs his state of physical homeostasis. The fact that his authoritarian role models at home who did not present him…… [Read More]

Humans Behavior Discriminative Control of Punished Stereotyped Behavior

Humans Behavior: Discriminative Control of Punished Stereotyped Behavior

The problem of controlling behavior in humans who are challenged in their mental scope is of concern. While the majority of people shun the use of force, and punishments and the modern thinking on enforcing appropriate behavior is leaning to therapeutic and learning modes, altering the environment and peer pressure, there could be some truth in the use of punishment being effective in controlling impulsive and undesirable behavior. These traits and appropriate settings for the same have to be seen in the general light of the literature in psychology over the issue. For example researchers have gone deep into the exact use of discriminative control and response is still in infancy, and using the background of mental retardation, Doughty et al. (2007) have researched the results of the use of differential punishment and the antecedent stimulus using three adults with mental retardation without automatic reinforcement behavior. The stereotypy occurred frequently in the presence of a stimulus correlated with and without punishment of stereotypy. Latency measures according to the researchers show that the antecedent stimulus correlated with punishment helped in the growth of the suppression of stereotypy. These can thus indicate that discriminative…… [Read More]

Human Behavior Through the Lens

From issues mundane to issues involving the survival of humankind itself, Prospect Theory helps people to analyze the way they analyze the world in order to come up with a much better understanding of the potential risks and outcomes they are faced with. The assignment of value within the decisions and outcomes has a bearing on the decisions themselves, and as each group of people assigns certain value to both the specific, shorter-term outcomes as well as the aggregate outcomes, the decisions and the human decision making process becomes much more complex.… [Read More]

Theoretical Perspectives to Human Behavior

As the individual will assume that this kind of behavior is appropriate given their ancestry and the way the reacted to different stimuli. (Plomin, 2008)

Moreover, many individuals will have select attributes that are passed down from previous generations. This will determine if the person is susceptible to certain mental conditions (i.e. schizophrenia and depression). These factors will play an important part in deciding biochemical and genetic causes affecting the behavior of the individual. (Plomin, 2008)

These ideas can explain human behavior by focusing on how genetic and biological elements are influencing the way someone reacts to various stimuli. This is compared with others in their family to understand the issues impacting them. When this happens, there is an emphasis on past challenges that influenced these relatives and how this is shaping the person. (Plomin, 2008)

Behavioral neuroscience is focusing on specific genetic factors which can be incorporated in understanding the influence of psychology on an individual. This is when there is a study of the different genetic and biological characteristics in conjunction with their impact on thought patterns. When this happens, mental health professionals will look at how this is shaping the way that someone reacts to various events.…… [Read More]

Application of Theory to Social Concerns or Human Behaviors

Social Concerns

Theory to Social Concerns or Human Behaviors

The Theory of Social Concerns or Human Behaviors provides a broad framework into which more narrowly focused research can be viewed from. This analysis will consider three individual research journal articles and first provide an overview of the work that was conducted. Then this analysis will try to relate the study and its results to the broader theories mentioned. The external factors related to a child's development can have a substantial influence on their development as well as be highly correlated with MEB issues later in life. The paper will conclude with a short discussion of why this research is important to society in regard to public health initiatives.

Parenting a Child with a Disability

Parents who have children with disabilities often have additional challenges that are presented in the situation when compared to the responsibilities of parents when their children do not have disabilities. As a result, having a child with a disability can pose a significant risk to the parents' physical and emotional well-being (Ha, Greenberg, & Seltzer, 2011). However, the effects of having a child with a disability are not equal in all cases and can affect families…… [Read More]

Causes of Human Behavior Compare

However, unlike Leucippus, Holbach is not simply interested in the science of materialism, and is more apt to entertain different explanations for specific types of matter. There is more to be understood than mere appearance in the rearrangement of material essences: "Determinism is universal, in Holbach's view, but different sorts of bodies may have peculiar properties that require peculiar explanations. Despite his avowed materialism, Holbach does not demand the sorts of reductive explanations of mental events that materialism might ordinarily seem to require (LeBuffe 2002). For Holbach, there is more interesting unpredictability in the behavior of types of matter, and the observation of what Leucippus might call mere surface differences.… [Read More]

Hardwired Is Human Behavior Response

" (ND, p.1) According to Ryan the human brain is an "evolved system" and one that is organized "to an underlying evolutionary logic." (ND, p.1) It is the claim of evolutionary psychologists that "the human brain has not changed" and furthermore, that it has not been "under any evolutionary pressure to do so -- in any significant way over the past 100,000 years, and therefore, modern man maintains the 'mind' of his Stone Age ancestors." (ND, p.1)

Lynch (2004) author of 'The Neuro Revolution: How Brain Science is Changing Our World" states that "emotions and feelings are mediated by distinct neural systems. Whereas emotions are automatic responses to stimuli, feelings are 'private, subjective experiences' that emerge from the cognitive processing of an emotion eliciting state."(p.1) Therefore, it can be understood that indeed human brains are to some extent hardwired however, the individual's cognitive processing capacity has a great deal to do with how the individuals reacts to specific stimuli.

The work published in the 'Brain Mysteries' publication (2008) states that human imaging studies "have for the first time identified brain circuitry associated with social status, according to researchers at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) of the National Institutes…… [Read More]

Communal Property Human Behavior With Respect to

Communal Property

Human behavior with respect to communal property is a critical issue of our time. The individual profit-maximizing activities of each individual all contribute to the erosion of critical common resources. There are a number of perspectives that help to explain why this occurs.

The tragedy of the commons explains this phenomenon. Hardin (1968) notes that individuals seek to maximize their outcomes -- this could be wealth or it could be utility. In either case, such behavior is strictly oriented to one's own personal well-being. The concept of perfect rationality is applied only in a narcissistic context. This is true even in collectivist societies, because such societies seldom view the human race as the collective unit. Thus, nobody makes their decisions with the good of the entire species in mind. The tragedy is that the cost of things is not reflected in our decision-making. In economics, the concept is externalities, and includes things like pollution. Pollution is something that is the result of an individual decision but affects everybody, and perfectly illustrates the tragedy of the commons. Where the cost of some outcome is not priced into the action, or is priced in a way that people do not…… [Read More]

Hormones and Heredity Human Behavior

Unfortunately, hormone effects and interactions can be so complex that even the best known hormones are not completely understood." (MacDougall) Hormones are most often discussed in connection with sexual behavior. But they are responsible for almost every reaction and action. When a person takes on too much stress, stress hormones are to blame and these hormones cause the behavior from that. Similarly during a phase of depression when a person is undergoing acute pessimism, the production of endorphins stopped or is lowered which is the really cause of depression. For this reasons, medication is given which balances chemical reactions in the body to normalize behavior. Human behavior is thus a sum total of different influences including heredity, hormones, environment and psychology. Dr. Leary has explained this in an apt manner when he said:

The science of human behavior in the largest sense of the word behavior, the sense which includes all that human beings do, all that human beings have. In this sense of behavior it is the behavior of the whole, integrated personality which is under investigation....Psychology deals with the organism as a whole, as an integrated and orientated individual in contact with other individuals in a complex external…… [Read More]

Mind and Human Behavior Theories

Mind and Human Behavior

Define and discuss a particular theory of consciousness

Consciousness can be best grasped in context as a facet of an interactive wakeful state wherein most cognitive processing occurs non-consciously. However, on combining non-conscious and conscious processing in the wakeful state, how can we differentiate one from the other, how can consciousness be defined, and what purpose does it serve? The conclusions drawn with respect to the former question critically influence how the latter question is answered. What property makes a state non-conscious rather than conscious? This section will support the argument that, out of all possible answers commonly put forth (i.e., accessibility, intentionality, reflexivity, subjectivity), the element-- reflexive, auto noetic-consciousness -- is the only one observed solely in the state of consciousness (Peters, 2013).

The Quantum Theory of Consciousness

The consciousness issue has opposed traditional approaches, in which the human brain is perceived as a computer having synapses and neurons, functioning as bit states. The following perplexing issues, in particular, are still unsolved: (1) conscious experience's nature (conscious experience is also termed as inner life or qualia), (2) combining of dissimilar processes of the brain into unified objects, concepts, and self-image (3) switch from pre-consciousness to…… [Read More]

Understanding Human Behavior and the Social Environment

Functionalism and Interaction Theory to Poverty

Functionalism and interaction theories provide an understanding of various social happenings including poverty. The similarities held by the theories recognize the fact that poverty in our contemporary society occurs due to the influence of different factors, which makes them vulnerable to poverty. Functionalism theory assumes that the social stratification is important to stimulate special intelligence and knowledge to respond to various social problems including poverty. The theory recognizes that the variability in the abilities of individuals to respond to different situations attests to the poverty seen in the society. In addition, functionalism theories also stress that the social stratification and inequality are factors that are inevitable and important to society. The privileges linked to the high status positions in the society contribute to poverty. Individuals considered coming from the high status exploit those of the middle and lower classes; hence, poverty. Cumulatively, functionalist theories hold a belief that poverty motivates the poor to adopt strategies against poverty and provides insights for individuals, not in poverty (Zastrow & Ashman, 1990).

In contrast, interaction theorists recognize that poverty is socially constructed. Interaction between members of the society result in shared ideas that can either predispose the…… [Read More]

Structured Critical Reflection Human Behavior & Social

Structured Critical Reflection Human Behavior & Social Environment Theories

In preparation for this reflection, I plan to describe and show how some of my experiences have affected me and taught me more about the nature of society and goodwill. Reflections are an important part of academics and virtually any aspect of life. It enables introspection, self-evaluation, and ways to see things from a different perspective, a different angle. The experiences that transpired over the time of taking this course taught valuable lessons and imparted important principles. One such experience was the Brightwood Community Center. It is a faith-based non-for-profit organization that taught about caring for others and reconciliation.

It was during the experience there, I saw some of the most touching and impactful moments that warrant a deeper reflection. Some of the services offered at this organization, like SPARK and Survival Skills for Women help empower people and children to learn new skills. They also offer clothing and food services promoting sharing and a sense of community. Some of the themes reflection from this experience, like community, compassion, and connection will be discussed through the rest of this assignment.

Some theories useful for reflection of this experience like empowerment theory…… [Read More]

Theories of Personality and How They Affect Human Behavior

psychology, theories of personality abound. Two of the most significant theories of personality include psychodynamic and humanistic/existential theories. Although these two theories share some features in common, they are based on widely different assumptions about human nature and human behavior. Each describes the way personality impacts human behavior under certain situations. However, psychodynamic theory presumes that human personality is static and less likely to change. Humanistic and existential theories are built on the assumption that human personality is dynamic. The differences between psychodynamic and humanistic theories of personality also have an impact on their approaches to treatment interventions and therapy.

Psychodynamic theories of personality are based on the theories of Sigmund Freud, who believed that human personality is determined by subconscious factors and the person's psycho-sexual nature. The personality is divided into three main and immutable components according to the psychodynamic worldview. Those three components include the id, ego, and superego. The id is the part of the personality that is childlike, needy, and interested in instant gratification. The ego is the part of the personality that is constructed in the social world, and in which the individual becomes heavily invested. The superego operates like a general conscience of moral…… [Read More]

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Culture S Influence in Human Behavior

Appreciating Diverse Views on Abnormal Behavior

Experience and genetic inheritance influence human behavior. The manner in which individuals grow is driven by social circumstances and experiences within the setting of their inherited genetic potential (Walker, 2002). The scientific concern is just how the hereditary potential and experience interact to generate human behavior. The text illustrates that abnormal behavior is that behavior that deviates from the normal or what is expected. Most people avoid what they define for themselves as abnormal behavior. For instance, we will probably opt not to sit next to a person acting in an odd manner or dressed in weird clothes in a train or bus. People hate individuals who smell dirty, and if possible we try to stay away from them. Based on this, the abnormal behavior seems to be that which is outside the parameters of the norm in the society.

Every individual is born into a cultural and social context and later develop numerous social relationships. The features of a person's social environment affect how s/he learns to behave and think through rewards, example, punishment, and instruction. This setting entails school, home, religion, and neighborhood. Additionally, a child's information interactions with peers, friends, media,…… [Read More]

Rose When Determining the Human Behavior Lead

rose when determining the human behavior lead to varying answers depending on the presupposed paradigm. (VASILACHIS DE GIALDINO, 1992). In the paper presented by Peterson Armour, I think the topic had the tendency to answers the raised questions differently, depending on whether the Epistemology of the subject is rejected or accepted. The author has tried his best to form a conclusion, which is independent from his personal views.

To discuss the ontological, axiological, and epistemological assumptions made by the author made in this study, a few questions need to be analyzed. How this 'reality' can be realized? What is the association between the knower (in this case the author and the respondents of the survey) and the known (the effects homicide on family members)? What principles, personality and assumptions guide the process of determining the achievements of this study? What is the possibility that this research will be repeated by other researchers or victims to assess the quality of the research and the reliability of those findings?

In the study, Armour (2002) states, "family members share the loss of their loved one, bear the stigma associated with murder, endure the re-victimization from outside institution and serve as point of reference…… [Read More]

Human Response to Physical Structure Environmental Psychology

Human Response to Physical Structure:

Environmental psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on explaining human behavior in relation to the physical environment. In this case, the physical environment basically incorporates plants, animals, and material objects that have a significant impact on behavior at various levels. However, this branch of psychology does not focus on the interactional procedures among people as emphasized on other branches of psychology. In analyzing human behavior, it adopts a systems approach that has become the main approach in modern science.

Impact of Physical Structure on Human Behavior:

According to various theories, the physical environment or structure affects human behavior at various levels with instant behavior acting as a function of settings with which it happens (Matthew, n.d.). The individual personality traits of people within a specified country are largely influenced by the nature and type of physical environment that these individuals are subject to for a long period of time. This physical environment consists of various elements including climatic conditions, soil, topography, available materials, and various competitors in the realm.

On the other hand, there are social environments that are developed by the various elements in the physical environment. These elements that act as…… [Read More]

Human Biological Variation Is Human

Another psychological approach studied the physical basis for emotion. LeDoux (1995, p. 209+) noted, "Scientists concerned with human nature have not been able to reach a consensus about what emotion is and what place emotion should have in a theory of mind and behavior." He proposed, however, that "findings about the neural basis of emotion might also suggest new insights into the functional organization of emotion that were not apparent from psychological findings alone. The brain, in other words, can constrain and inform our ideas about the nature of emotion." This would seem to play into any discussion of genetics vs. culture as emotion is viewed, accurately or not, as a construct of societal norms in large part. Because fear is a common part of human life, LeDoux uses it to investigate his theories. "The expression of fear is conserved to a large extent across human cultures and at least to some extent across human and nonhuman mammalian species, and possibly across other vertebrates as well" he notes, which would indicate that fear is not cultural, in fact, but physical, gene-based rather than a product of society. On the other hand, he also encompasses the familiar Pavlovian model in his…… [Read More]

Human Nature Allows a Person to Demonstrate

Human nature allows a person to demonstrate the cognitive, social and emotional behaviors that enable him or her to function in society and satisfy biological, psychological and emotional needs. The drive to display such behaviors is inborn but is shaped through environmental forces. New behaviors are learned and unlearned through experience and instruction. Functional human beings are able to read the situation, identify their goals and select from a repertoire the most appropriate behaviors to satisfy their needs. Psychodynamic theory explores how the conflict between inner drives and social expectations determine human behavior. Redecision theory attempts to influence human behavior through an exploration of childhood experiences and identifying dysfunctional decisions to replace them with more productive and relevant ones. Finally, constructivist theory seeks to increase the individual's level of consciousness and personal responsibility to encourage functional behavior learning.

THEORETICAL INTEGRATIVE FRAMEWORK ON HUMAN NATURE AND BEHAVIOR

A number of theories such as psychodynamic theory, redecision theory and constructivist theory are used to explain how human nature and behavior are shaped through the interaction of hereditary, environment and personal volition. These theories prescribe enriching explanations of how early childhood experiences may create impressions, meaning patterns and decisions that become rooted in…… [Read More]

Human Factors in Aviation Safety

Human Factors in Aviation Safety

The human beings with their immense capabilities, imagination, creativity, and cleverness have transformed the world into an industrial world that is surrounded by numerous inventions, innovations, and advancements in various facets of life. Aviation industry is also one of the developments of the human beings, which was imagined as an attempt to emulate bird flight. Human beings were engaged in this phenomenon for centuries prior to the emergence of the first flight, which resulted in outstanding civil transport in the form of spaceflight (Campbell & Bagshaw, 2008). However, it is wise to note that the human life is one integral aspect that should not be ignored when any mode of transportation is concerned. To have a safe journey during flights it is demonstrated that aviation safety is essential. Aviation safety principally signifies that prevention techniques in the form of regulation, education, and training should be applied in order to avoid aircraft failures. Aviation safety also refers to the process where flight failures are categorized so that it could be prevented in the future. This also brings the fact into the light that human factor is the core aspect involved and engaged in the aviation industry…… [Read More]

Human Development

Human Development

In order to learn about the development of males in their late teenage stage, between the ages seventeen and twenty, an eighteen-year-old male was interviewed. An individual of this age was chosen since it is believed as the age that acts as a transitory period between teenage and adulthood thus the developmental features are explicitly displayed at this age within the period targeted. The individual interviewed was a student undertaking his A-level studies in a public university. A student at this age was appropriate since common teenagers are still at this level of education apart from a few who could have got a chance in full employment or probably dropped at some level for various reasons. The individual has an African origin but has been brought up in a western culture and he totally adapted to the culture.

In the current society there are a number of emerging issues with regard to sexual orientation, a lot of debates have come up on whether to legalize any other sexual orientation other than the common male-female orientation. In regard to this it was important that this is put into consideration when picking the interviewee and in order to avoid any…… [Read More]

Human Nature Has Been a

He exemplifies by saying that anyone witnessing a child about to fall in a well would immediately turn to rescue the child without seeking any advantages in doing so. But while this position has been argued on the grounds that "such an example is not intended to prove that all men will actually take some action in such circumstances" (Allinson apud Chan 1996), Chan has defended Mencius by emphasizing that what the philosopher "intends to show in the child-falling-into-the-well example is that all men will at least be moved to compassion by such a sight" (Chan 1996). Chan further explains "that all we need to prove the statement is that we carry out some sort of self-examination or thought-experiment. Once we are convinced, that's the proof. We don't need the results of others to confirm our result. That's a case for science." (Chan 1996)

From the conversation above, we can also depict Kao Tzu's position in regards to the nature of man, specifically that it "is indifferent to good and evil," that is to say that man's nature is neither good nor bad. Kao Tzu is said to have built his construction of man's character "out of that realization of…… [Read More]

Human Learning and Memory Learning

When the behavior is followed by a favorable consequence, the behavior is more likely to recur over and over. However, if the behavior is followed by a negative consequence or a painful consequence, then the behavior is less like to happen again.

The third type of learning is Motor Learning. Carlson says that motor learning is "the establishment of changes within the motor system." (433). He claims that this type of learning is a component of the stimulus-response type of learning. However, this type of learning must involve some form of sensory guidance from the environment and it elicits a reaction from the body.

Finally, the fourth type of learning that Carlson describes is Relational Learning. This is the most complex type of learning and it "involves learning the relationship among individual stimuli." (431) Relational Learning involves spatial learning which is the actual process of identifying similarities and differences among stimuli and episodic learning which involves remembering the sequence of events.

Researchers and scientists believe that memory formation takes place when a connection between neurotransmitters in the brain is strengthen by some form of outside stimuli. Carlson claims that memory formation occurs when one or more of the learning types…… [Read More]

Human Influences on the Environment

Human Behavior and the Environment

Environmental psychology makes an attempt to discover and understand the manner in which human behavior influences the environment both positively and negatively (De Young, 2013). The purpose of this paper will be to gain insight on how the environment is affected by human behavior. The focus will be to elucidate the manner in which environmental cues influence behavior, as well as to assess the manner in which behavior can be transformed to nurture sustainability, and how this can ultimately decrease adverse effects on the environment. The paper will also discuss the manner in which social norms have an impact on behavior and beliefs about the environment. Thereafter a number of solutions that could positively alter behavior and practices so as to decrease adverse environmental impact will be provided.

Environmental Cues and how they shape Human Behavior

In accordance with Steg (2013), environmental cues can be described as components in the environment that communicate significant information or instigate an emotional response. Cues are deemed to be an imperative aspect of the manner in which the environment impacts behavior because they stir people to action in association with the environment. Thus, environmental cues tend to shape the…… [Read More]

Human Geography Urban or Local

According to the Oregon Environmental Council the estimated cost per year of environmentally attributed cancer is around $131 million for both adults and children. Much about cremation is unknown but it is believed that the process of cremation emits several harmful chemicals into the air including benzene, mercury (from mercury fillings) and persistent organic pollutants. Modern crematoriums, like any burning industry are regulated by laws and standards that require the removal of certain smells and ash waste from the smoke that is emitted but like any other industry enforcement is spotty if present and standards are not checked after initial certification unless there are overt violations and complains. Self report is the manner in which crematoriums are permitted initially and on an ongoing basis every five years. "Crematoriums are regulated through the Department of Environmental Protection (DEP). They must adhere to emission regulations as well as obtain an operating permit. Particulate matter, carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrochloric acid (HCL) are the regulated emittants. Mercury and dioxin are two other end products of the cremation process that are not regulated at the present time." (University of Florida Environmental Engineering Website: Crematorium Regulations, 2001)

Summary

The air quality in Portland is overall…… [Read More]

Human Factor in Aviation

Moreover, the study compares the effect on human factors on different types of aircraft. The study also reveals the correlation between the anomalies and type of aircrafts.

Human factors cause of Aircraft Accidents

The results of the descriptive statistics reveal that situational awareness is the most contributing human factor to aircraft accidents with the Mean =112. Moreover, the Mean value of the communication breakdown is 80 which rank second as the human factors problem to aircraft incidents. Typically, communication breakdown occurs when the pilot or other aircraft crew is unable to communicate with terminals. Communication is very critical for effective operations of aircraft, a pilot will require to constantly making radio communication when on air to ensure the aircraft safety and the aircraft is on the right direction. Confusion as human factor ranks third with the Mean =70. The descriptive statistics table shows other important human factors that cause the commercial aircraft accidents which include distraction, human,-machine interface and trouble shooting.

Table 2: Global Commercial Jet Fleet

Type of Operation

All Accidents

Fatal Accidents

Onboard Fatalities and / (External Fatalities)

Hull Loss Accidents (Aircraft damage beyond repair)

1959-2012

2003-2012

1959-2012

2003-2012

1959-2012

2003-2012

1959-2012

2003-2012

Passenger

1,450

59

28,834

-790…… [Read More]

Human Resource Management

Human Resource Management

Description of the overall operations and role of the HR department

The HR manager interviewed gave the following points as having the most priority in his department and the functions performed (Campbell Clark, S (2001))

Recruitment and selection

How to follow best practice in drawing up the relevant documentation from advertising a vacancy and formulating a job description through to interviewing and making a sound

Decision in appointing the correct candidate.

Engagement procedure

Providing contracts of employment, written particulars and a staff handbook to meet all legal requirements and give employees all the information they need.

Record keeping

The collection of information in manual or computerized form to enable the company to plan and monitor.

Performance management range of activities to develop and reward good performance and manage poor performance and disciplinary issues.

Dealing with absence

Monitoring and controlling short- and long-term absence to ensure good attendance.

Reward

Looking at salary and benefits packages to reward and motivate staff.

Dismissal and other termination

Looking at valid reasons for dismissal, procedures and employment tribunals.

Description of the HR function you explored in-depth

Increasingly it is recognized that the motivation and development of staff, and the retention of high…… [Read More]

Human Concern Global Warming A

3).

Because of this discovery, scientists and politicians across the world have banded together in order to fight emissions and the use of products that contain CFCs. Most are aware of the grim forecast that awaits humankind if action is not taken -- a world consumed by ocean. Still, some do not believe that human behavior plays a role in global warming. Whatever one's opinion, one can be sure that the worldwide attempts to implement responsible human interaction with the environment has a favorable political outcome -- globalization and the banding together of the world. In the future, history may write that chemistry was at the heart of a global political peace.

Works… [Read More]

Human Nature Reading Comprehension Test

The use of the word MY also suggests that the speaker feels a sense of possession towards the assistant, thus the assistant's departure is seen as a loss of control, not merely a setback to the project as he says.

7. it's an animal urge, Puff. it's nothing to be ashamed of (65)

The word Puff suggests an animal, even if Puff is not an animal -- Puff is being assured that acting like an animal is natural, and not worthy of shame, despite Puff's feelings to the contrary and the ambiguous quality of Puff's name.

8. Remember, when in doubt: don't ever do what you really want to do (69)

This statement goes against the assurances of the naturalness of human behavior and impulses -- go against one's human or animal nature, it suggests, and repress and resist gut instincts. Instead, follow societal dictates and one's own superego.

9. There is nothing that makes you feel dirtier than finally deciding to sell your soul and finding no buyer (76)

After giving up one's morals, and repressing and resisting one's natural impulses, the speaker finds it frustrating that there are no 'takers' to indulge in this corruption.

10. Please, if…… [Read More]

Behavior-Based Safety Bbs Is a

7. Fenn, P., & Ashby, S., 2004. Workplace risk, establishment size, and union density. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 42, 461 -- 480.

8. Griffin, M.A., & Neal, A., 2000. Perceptions of safety at work: A framework for linking safety climate to safety performance, knowledge, and motivation. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5, 347 -- 358.

9. Neal, A., Griffin, M.A., & Hart, P.M., 2000. The impact of organizational climate on safety climate and individual behavior. Safety Science, 34, 99 -- 109.

10. Hechanova-Alampay, R.H., & Beehr, T.A., 2001. Empowerment, span of control and safety performance in work teams after workforce reduction. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 6, 275 -- 282.

11. Kaminski, M., 2001. Unintended consequences: Organizational practices and their impact on workplace safety and productivity. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 6, 127 -- 138.

Turner, N., & Parker, S.K., 2004. The effect of teamwork on safety processes and outcomes. In J. Barling & M.R. Frone (Eds.), The psychology of workplace safety (pp. 35 -- 62). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

12. Section 6: Timetable of Activity. You should complete the GANTT chart below.

Part-time students will undertake the dissertation over 30 weeks, full-time students over 18 weeks.

Make…… [Read More]