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The UN has been denied a proper role in the conflict and Annan admits it as being limiting and not very effective.
Middle East, MDGs and the future of our planet
Speaking of his diplomatic initiatives to redefine security, as security from hunger, disease and poverty; towards accomplishment of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), Annan paints an interesting picture of his struggles with African leaders like Mugabe, who refused to acknowledge the use of condoms in the strategy to prevent the spread of AIDS. He captures this shifting in priorities quite well, when he says:" I spent most of my tenure as secretary-general in an international environment obsessed with the potential peril of weapons of mass destruction. ut in HIV / AIDS, which never received anything like the same level of attention, we had a true WMD- and one that was actively unleashing itself in the world." His lament about…
Bibliography
Annan Kofi, Mousavizadeh Nader. (2012). Interventions -- a life in War and Peace, the Penguin Press. Hardcover.
Some of the major elements of strategic considerations include cost of necessary actions for intervening and the possibility of achieving the objectives of the intervention measures.
During the process of identifying the most appropriate course of intervention in a civil war based on the above considerations, international and regional initiatives play a crucial part is driving conflict into civil war. Generally, international influence and intervention seems to not only heighten the intensity of a conflict but also lessen its costs with regards to damages and death (hardwaj, n.d.).
In relation to the conflict in Syria that is gravitating towards a civil war because of the widespread governmental violence against its citizens, appropriate intervention measures are required urgently. Tactical intervention, which was used to end the Libyan conflict and protests, seems to the most suitable mechanism that can turn attrition conflicts into shortened civil wars. This intervention mechanism is mainly effective…
Bibliography:
Brom, Shlomo. The "Arab Spring" and External Military Intervention. May 7, 2013,
http://cdn.www.inss.org.il.reblazecdn.net/upload/(FILE)1359898292.pdf
Bhardwaj, Maya. Development of Conflict in Arab Spring Libya and Syria: From Revolution to Civil War, Human Security Gateway, May 7, 2013, http://humansecuritygateway.com/documents/WUIR_DevelopmentOfConflictInArabSpringLibyaAndSyria_FromRevolutionToCivilWar.pdf
Dodge, Toby. Conclusion: the Middle East After the Arab Spring. The London School of Economics and Political Science. May 7, 2013, http://www2.lse.ac.uk/IDEAS/publications/reports/pdf/SR011/FINAL_LSE_IDEAS__ConclusionsTheMiddleEastAfterTheArabSpring_Dodge.pdf
Intervention Program to Overcoming the Barriers of Utilizing Adult Day Care for Alzheimer Patients
It's like getting your first toy or first book -- the excitement, the feel of the steel, or the smell of the new un-turned pages or the adventure of making new discoveries about it every day -- that is what keeps things new and fresh. However, if that experience is not a choice but a burden where every day one wakes up and has to go through that experience in every aspect of their life -- that is when the experience becomes a disease and one that is without cure. Alzheimer's disease forces a new experience and makes everything anew. Those individuals suffering from Alzheimer's have no recollection of the past beyond a certain point based on the extent of their disease.
In the proposed program here, the practices of care for Alzheimer's will be the…
References
Brotons, M., & Marti, P. (2003). Music therapy with Alzheimer's patients and their family caregivers: A pilot project. Journal of Music Therapy, 40(2), 138-150.
Chavin, M. (2002). Music as communication. Alzheimer's Care Quarterly, 3(2), 145-156.
Cohen, E. (1999). Alzheimer's patients find respite in snoezelen rooms. Princeton Packet, January 29, 1999.
Cohen, G.D. (2001). Criteria for success in interventions for Alzheimer's disease. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 9(2), 95-98.
Intervention
a) Explore the basic reasons why would an intervention fail. Hints: list 5-8 potential reasons (hint: one reason could be unskilled change agent).
Interventions can fail for a litany of reasons within an organization. One such potential reason would be that of available resources in which to enact the change are not readily available. This occurs when resources are scarce and potential uses of those scare resources are numerous in nature. In regards to a University, the organization may not have the funding necessary to facilitate the intervention. This is especially true for smaller universities with a smaller alumni base relative to its peers. A large portion of University revenue is generated through tuition, fee, endowments, gifts, and donations. All of these sources of revenue are contingent on the University's prestige, enrollment, quality, and popularity. In many instances smaller universities may not have the means to adequately address the…
Intervention of States and Human ights
When and how should States intervene in the affairs of other States with poor human rights records? What threshold of violations has to be corssed first? Who decides when it has been crossed?
The sovereignty of states remains paramount and as recognized in the UN Charter. However, other states may surpass the sovereignty clause in cases of gross human rights violations by the host state. For states to intervene in matters of another state, in matters concerning human rights violation, prior documentation of evidence pertaining to violation should exist. These documents give and support reason for intervention in matters of other countries (Knight, 2008).
In the Sudan, documented evidence pointed to gross human rights violations in the Darfur egion. The indiscriminate murder and continued killing of civilians amounted to genocide (Binder, 2008). As such, there rose a need for international intervention to stop the…
References
Charles Knight (2008). Project on Defense Alternatives: What Justifies Military Intervention?.
Retrieved on 03 December 2012 from Http://www.comw.org/pda/0109intervention.html
Clarla Portela (2000). Berlin Information Center for Trans-Atlantic Security: Humanitarian
Intervention, NATO and International Law Retrieved on 03 December 2012 from Http://www.bits .de/public/pdf/rr00-4.pdf
Intervention for Mental Illness
"Cognitive Therapy for Depression"
hat is the specific micro problem?
The specific micro problem being addressed is mental illness.
hat is one specific intervention that has been researched to address this micro-problem?
The intervention that has been researched is the different treatment options to aid mental health, particularly treatments for depression.
Identify one research article that discusses the effectiveness of the intervention.
The research article is "Cognitive Therapy for Depression."
ho are the researchers for this study?
The researchers for this study are Dr. Jan Scott and her team at the University Department of Psychological Medicine.
ho are the subjects of this study?
The subjects of this study are individuals who are currently or who have in the past been treated for depression by mental health specialists.
c. hat is the number of subjects in this study?
It appears from the text that there were 80…
Works Cited:
Kirsch, Irving (2008). "Initial Severity and Antidepressant Benefits: A Meta-Analysis of Data
Submitted to the Food and Drug Administration." PLoS Medicine.
Scott, Jan (2001). "Cognitive Therapy for Depression." British Medical Bulletin: 57:1. 101-113.
S. was faced with a: "critical test..." (1999) when the Serbs began their assault on the Kosovar Albanians in March 1999" and in fact Starr believes this test was of more consequence than the one posed by Iraq in 1991 because in the Gulf War the United States "faced a clear act of international aggression that threatened to put vast wealth in the hands of a murderous and hostile regime." (Starr, 1999) in Kosovo, the situation was quite different because there was "no obvious strategic or economic interest" which compelled intervention and Milosevic, "unlike Saddam...did not threaten any nation outside his region." (Starr, 1999) the Kosovar Albanians are predominantly Muslims and therefore it was not likely that the U.S. would have assisted in addition to the fact that we had not real ties with Kosovo. Starr writes that it is highly unlikely that the United States would have become involved…
Rozen, Laura (1999) Outlaw Nation. Salon website Online available at http://www.salon.com/news/1999/03/27newsa.html
Woehrel, Steven and Kim, Julie (2006) Kosovo and U.S. Policy 7 Aug 2006 CRS Report for Congress. The Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service. Online available at http://italy.usembassy.gov/pdf/other/RL31053.pdf
Intervention in Kosovo: U.S. & NATO Involvement
The probation officer program, however, has managed to survive past Martinson's "Nothing Works" doctrine. Cullen (2002) suggests that even today, when rehabilitation programs have been met with skepticism by some, "probation officers continue to broker or deliver services when they can" (p.255). In my personal experiences with probation officers, each has seemed to have a genuine interest and care for the delinquents with whom they deal. Each has been able to switch between compassionate and strict attitudes when advising and counseling offenders, taking on a sort of parent relationship with the offender. Furthermore, each has given his or her best effort into encouraging the offender to make positive choices, though many of the officers have expressed in private that they are often frustrated by the offenders' inabilities to make good choices. Just as Andrews (1995) suggests that current trends in the psychology of criminal conduct point to treatments that are…
References
Andrews, Don. (1995). The Psychology of Criminal Conduct and Effective Treatment.
In J. McGuire (Ed.), What Works: Reducing Reoffending -- Guidelines from Research and Practice. West Sussex, United Kingdom: John Wiley and Sons.
Cullen, Francis T. (2002). Rehabilitation and Treatment Programs. In James Q. Wilson and Joan Petersilla (Ed.), Crime: Public Policies for Crime Control. Oakland California: Institute for Contemporary Studies.
Cullen, Francis T. And Gendreau, Paul. Assessing Correctional Rehabilitation: Policy,
Teachers who wish to pursue graduate degrees will be supported as much as is feasible with their scheduling. Professional development conferences and motivational speakers will be integrated into the teacher's regular school year.
Scientifically-based intervention programs: Students in need of extra help will receive structured attention and individuated tutoring outside of the classroom. For young at-risk students, parents will be directed to Head Start before their child enters school, so the student can gain grounding in the basics and not fall behind. Curricula from year to year will be scaffolded -- i.e. build upon previous learning. Summer school resource aid will be available for students who need or desire this, to minimize summer 'learning loss.'
Parent involvement: Parents will be required to attend teacher conferences. Parents will be asked to volunteer their time to chaperone school functions and field trips. Also, parents can play a creative role in school life,…
According to Gottman, these theories failed married couples because "it is not based on solid empirical knowledge of what is actually predictive of marital dissolution," (Gottman 1999: 6). Bringing in his aspects of systematic observation as the base for further scientific analysis of marital problems, Gottman understood the need to track and analyze behavior patterns and sequences which actually lead to the end of the relationship, "The aim is to define beforehand various forms of behavior -- behavioral codes -- and then ask observers to record whenever behavior corresponding to the predefined codes occur," (Bakeman & Gottman 1997: 3). Through frequency of behaviors, a scientific approach to marriage theory can be born within a more open and observational environment.
One such observational perspective is that of music integration into marriage therapy. Music therapy has been used in a wide variety of genres and is represented as "the clinical and evidence-based…
References
American Music Therapy Association. (1999). "Frequently asked questions about music therapy." American Music Therapy. Retrieved 18 Mar 2009 at http://www.musictherapy.org/faqs.html#WHAT_IS_MUSIC_THERAPY
Alleyne, Richard. (2009). Marital stress increases heart disease among women but not men. Telegraph. Retrieved 18 Mar 2009 at http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/4938486/Marital-stress-increases-heart-disease-among-women-but-not-men.html .
Bakeman, Roger & Gottman, John Mordechai. (1997). Observing interaction: an introduction to sequential analysis. Cambridge University Press.
Beattie, Gregory S. (2005). Social causes of depression. Rochester Institute of Technology. Retrieved 18 Mar 2009 at http://www.personalityresearch.org/papers/beattie.html .
Introduction
The prevalence of depression in today’s society has necessitated the emergence of different measures by health practitioners and social workers. These measures help the affected individuals overcome the challenges of depression. One highly effective strategy usually employed by social workers is group support intervention program. This approach is believed to be exceedingly result-oriented as it has, with verifiable results, helped many affected patients recover from depressive experience. Attesting to the efficacy of peer support interventions for depressed people, Pfeiffer, Heisler, Piette, Rogers and Valenstein (2010, p. 1), in their comparison between peer support and care alone initiatives, evidentially reveal that "peer support interventions have the potential to be effective components of depression care.” However, a group intervention community has many challenges capable of altering the direction and effectiveness of a peer support community.
Common Challenges Experienced in Group Intervention Services
One key challenge an agency can face in group…
References
Dennison, S. (2008). Measuring the Treatment Outcome of ShortTerm School-Based Social Skills Groups, Social Work with Groups, 31:3-4, 307-328, DOI: 10.1080/01609510801981219
Gianinio M. & Glick, A. (2008). Wearing Two Hats: Clinical and Ethical Implications of Combining Individual and Group Treatment, Social Work with Groups, 31:3-4, 273-287, DOI: 10.1080/01609510801981078
Gitterman, A. (2003). Group Formation: Tasks, Methods, and Skills.
Pfeiffer, P.N. Heisler, M. Piette, J.D. Rogers, A. M. and Valenstein, M. (2010). Efficacy of Peer Support Interventions for Depression: A Meta-Analysis. 1, 29-36, DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2010.10.002
Utay and Miller (2006) described a study in which researchers observed over 100 individuals with unresolved grief reactions. There were three phases of treatment employed with these individuals. The first stage of treatment involved cognitive structuring for the decision to grieve again and for procedure clarification. The second stage involved guided imagery for reliving, revising, and revisiting the scenes at which the loss occurred. The third and final stage involved future-oriented identity reconstruction. The researchers reported that the reliving of the event through guided imagery effectively changed the client's view of reality, and furthermore helped along their grief resolution (Melges & DeMaso (1980), as cited by Utay & Miller, 2006). Moreover, Guided imagery has been established as a versatile and effective intervention.
The importance in assisting the children's mother with the grief process lies in the fact that bereavement is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality, and it…
References
Elliott, K. (2000). Long QT syndrome. Alberta RN, January/February.
Firth, Hurst (2005). Clinical Genetics, New York: Oxford University Press, 378-9.
Gravitz, MA. (2001). Perceptual reconstruction in the treatment of inordinate grief. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 44(1), 51-5.
Joffrion, L.P., Douglas, D. (1994). Grief resolution: faciliatating self-transcendence in the bereaved. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 32(3), 13-9.
Realty therapy, which was developed by psychiatrist illiam Glasser during the 1960's, requires those working with a student with emotional disturbance to develop a positive, friendly relationship, especially with those particular students who do not want such a relationship (ong 2004). Realty therapy differs from other psychological models because it urges everyone who works with the student to enter into a counseling relationship with them, not simply the psychologist (ong 2004).
Research on the use of reality therapy for students with emotional disturbance has demonstrated a positive effect on student behavior. According to Glasser, "Counseling is just one human being helping another with a problem. This is not hard to do, if the person with the problem wants to be counseled" (ong 2004). However, students with emotional disturbance may be defensive and resistant to counseling, thus the school psychologist's job is to motivate them to participate in counseling and to…
Works Cited
Harris, Karen M. (2002, June 22). A school, family, and community collaborative program for children who have emotional disturbances. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders. Retrieved November 11, 2006 from HighBeam Research Library.
Nelson, Ron J. (2003, September 01). Status of and trends in academic intervention research for students with emotional disturbance. Remedial and Special Education. Retrieved November 11, 2006 from HighBeam Research Library.
Sabornie, Edward J. (2004, September 22). Characteristics of emotional disturbance in middle and high school students. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders. Retrieved November 11, 2006 from HighBeam Research Library.
Sugai, George. (2000, September 22). A Self-Management Functional Assessment-
.
The two hypothetical systems working on an individual's brain during the experience of addiction are complementary within and between system changes. The first counteradaptation results in a decrease in the transmission of dopamine and serotonin release during withdrawal phases of the cycle (obinson & Berridge 2001). Effectively, dopamine and serotonin transmission is artificially increased beyond the normative range during drug use, then virtually stopped once the drug has left the body. This intensifies not only the "come down" feeling but also the preoccupation anxieties associated with substance abuse as well as the existing emotional, environmental, or social vulnerability which lead to the initial lapse. Sensitization is the component of addiction which compels an individual to continually seek greater quantities of the substance (obinson & Berridge 2001). Effectively once the brain has been exposed to a chemical which alters neural transmission, the body attempts to return to a homeostatic state.…
References
1. Nesse, R. (1994). An evolutionary perspective on substance abuse. Ethology and Sociobiology, 15, 339- 348.
2. Robinson, T, & Berridge, K. (2001). Mechanisms of action of addictive stimuli incentive- sensitization and addiction. Addiction, 96, 103- 114.
3. Koob, G., & Le Moal, M. (1997). Drug abuse: Hedonic homeostatic dysregulation. Science, 278, 52- 58.
4. Brown, J.M., & Miller, W.R. (1993). Impact of motivational interviewing on participation and outcome in residential alcoholism treatment. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors,7, 211-218.
Intervention for the Improvement of Hypoglycemic Control
Diabetes complication is one of the top health problems in the United States, and the ADA (American Diabetes Association) recommends that people suffering from diabetes should control their hypoglycemic and maintain A1C to < 7% to avoid diabetes complications. To achieve this objective, the "diabetes self-management education (DSME)"(Ni coll, aiser, Campbell, ET AL. 2014 p 207) is an effective tool to enhance hypoglycemic control and improve patients' outcomes. The DSME is an on-going educational process to facilitate the skill, knowledge, and ability of patients to carry out a diabetes self-care. I am a diabetic educator working in the diabetic outpatient clinical setting. My experience has made to understand that patients struggle to manage and control their diabetes after being educated because patients are not allowed to set their goals in order to manage their diabetes. (American Diabetes Association; 2013).
Objective of this paper…
Reference
American Diabetes Association (2013). Standards of medical care in diabetes -- 2013. Diabetes Care 36 (Suppl. 1):S11 -- S66, .
Funnell, M.M. Brown, T.L. Childs B.P. Et al. (2010). National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education. Diabetes Care. 33: 589-596.
Nicoll, K.G. Ramser, K.L. Campbell, et al. (2014).Sustainability of Improved Glycemic Control After Diabetes Self-Management Education. Diabetes Spectrum 27 (3): 207-211.
Norris, S.L., Lau, J., Smith, J.,et al. ( 2002). Susan Sundae, N.L Norris elf-Management Education for Adults with Type 2 Diabetes meta-analysis of the effect on hypoglycemic control.
Furthermore, it is the balance between the needs and requirements for peace and the application of intervention methods and techniques that will be critical focal point of this evaluation.
This also refers to various studies that discuss the limitations of various conflict resolution attempts. A study by Saner and Yiu entitled External Stakeholder Impacts on Third-Party Interventions in Resolving Malignant Conflicts: The Case of a Failed Third-Party Intervention in Cyprus, serves as initial example. This study explores the potentially positive and negative impact of intervention in terms of the influence of the effect that multiple and competing external stakeholders, such as foreign powers, supranational institutions and NGOs, can have on third-party peace building initiatives. The article describes a Swiss NGO-initiated intercommunal project in Cyprus and evaluates the failure of this confidence-building project by looking at the role of external stakeholders in the intervention.
4. Conclusion: the importance of the research…
Bibliography
Dale C. ( 2009) CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION AS STRATEGY FOR NATION
BUILDING IN A PLURALISTIC SOCIETY: In Search for Alternative Solution for Iraq after U.S.-UK Occupation. Retrieved November 19, 2009, from http://myresponsability.wordpress.com/2009/10/27/conflict-transformation-as-strategy-for-nation-building-in-a-pluralistic-society/
Dudouet V. ( 2006) Transitions from Revisiting Analysis and Violence to Peace
Intervention in Conflict Transformation. Berghof Report Nr. 15. Retrieved
Competency development in the balanced approach emphasizes the need for a broader concern with maturational development, especially by means of acquiring the survival skills required for daily living (p. 485).
Interventions that emphasized the balanced approach do look at the deficits and dysfunctions of the individual, but also identify family and community strengths, to draw upon. Not only would this intervention increase competency in the delinquent youth, but also help ensure public safety. Mentoring with a parental education and community organization approach, coupled with an effective sanctioning guidelines with meaningful consequences, is one intervention that would fulfill this criteria.
This type of intervention differs significantly from the interventions commonly utilized in the current system. Most interventions are geared to address a singular facet of delinquency, and regretfully ignore the others. As an example, the Boys and Girls Clubs of America offer a wide variety of programs to help counter risk…
References
Education and career. (2009). Retrieved April 20, 2009, from http://www.bgca.org/programs/education.asp .
Ek, A. (Mar 2008). Cluster profiles of youths living in urban poverty: Factors affecting risk and resilience. Social Work Research, 32(1). Retrieved April 20, 2009, from CINAHL Plus database.
Leve, L. & Chamberlain, P. (Jun 2005). Association with delinquent peers: Intervention effects for youth in the juvenile justice system. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 33(3). Retrieved April 20, 2009, from PubMed Central database.
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. (Aug 1997). Balanced and restorative justice for juveniles. Retrieved April 20, 2009, from http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles/framwork.pdf .
By the 1970s most states had mandatory child abuse reporting laws. These laws aimed at identifying abused children and setting in motion legal procedures to investigate the child's situation and either to provide services for them in their own home or to remove them from their home and place them in a safer environment (Melli, 1998).
Historically, the laws and regulations of the present are the children and grandchildren of the laws that were pioneered in the 1960s and 1970s. Certainly, experience makes any process better and smoother, but essentially, the system of three to four decades ago would have been very similar to today. hat would not have percolated down to teachers, principals and other team personnel yet would have been the knowledge of the new legal system and how to function in it. This uncertainty would have undoubtedly have slowed the intervention as wary professionals move cautiously, balancing…
Works Cited
Crosson-Tower, Cynthia. (2010). Understanding child abuse and neglect. 8th ed. Upper
Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson-Prentice Hall.
Educators' role in child abuse and neglect prevention. (2010). Retrieved 30 July 2010
from http://www.enotalone.com/article/9974.html
Intervention
The notion of 'intervention' has the literal, Oxford English Dictionary meaning of "stepping in or interfering in any affair, so as to affect its course or issue." But its connotative meaning within contemporary culture is more resonant and multivalent in nature. The television show Intervention exemplifies the positive, pop psychology notion of an 'intervention,' in which an individual is saved from an addiction by group of outsiders (usually friends, family, and treatment staff). But many 'interventions' have a negative resonance: more traditional notions of intervention raise questions of sovereignty and legitimacy. At the heart of the conflict between 'good' and 'bad' notions of intervention is the question of autonomy. When is it acceptable and appropriate to impinge upon the autonomy of a human being or of the state? Is it ever moral to not intervene?
Awareness of injustice has increased in the era of Internet-based social networking and communication.…
Intervention
Nursing esearch
Using the COPE Intervention for Family Caregivers to Improve Symptoms of Hospice Homecare Patients: A Clinical Trial
This study was designed to test an intervention for hospice caregivers in order to help them better manage symptoms experienced by patients with cancer. The authors maintain that research indicates caregivers are unable to accurately assess and report the intensity of symptoms and overall quality of life (QOL) of patients with cancer and patients in hospice care.
Three symptoms, pain, dyspnea, and constipation, are commonly are seen in patients with advanced cancer. However, the author's site research that asserts that these symptoms are assessed inadequately and managed poorly in many patients. Pain and dyspnea have been found to create symptom distress, significantly affecting patient QOL.
The authors claim that caregivers must develop the skills needed to function effectively as part of the healthcare team. Building the knowledge base and teaching…
References
McMillan, S.C. & Small, B.J. (2007, March). Using the COPE intervention for family caregivers to improve symptoms of hospice homecare patients: A clinical trial. Oncology nursing forum, Vol. 34, Issue 2, 313-321. Retrieved January 20, 2012, from http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=3&hid=14&sid=b3e07ee7-388a-4d19-97ef-163b481297fd%40sessionmgr15
The following multimodal evaluation procedure is recommended for Carlos:
Semi-Structured Clinical Interview
The foremost component of an informal evaluation of traumatized individuals entails semi-structured interviewing, in which the following details of the patient ought to be garnered:
• Demographic facts
• Employment history
• Medical history
• Educational history
• Social history and • Several specific facts.
Such an interview must be closely founded on minor and major trauma disorder facets (James, 2008). Particular questions to be posed to Carlos are linked to:
• Trauma nature and level of exposure
• Definite trauma integral to PTS (post-traumatic stress) symptoms
• Intrusive thoughts, recollections, emotions, imagery, responsiveness/awareness freezing, avoidance response and other similar symptoms
• Related elements of anxiety, depression, drug/alcohol abuse, anger or violent behavior
• Pre-morbid family and social life, and adjustment
• Familial history of psychological ailments. Essentially, therapists must seek comprehensive information on individual PTS symptomatology elements,…
" (p. 2)
The work of Van Pelt (2010) reports that ADHD is often hidden due to comorbid conditions including "anxiety and substance abuse." (p. 1) The World Health Organization reports that worldwide there are approximately 3% to 4% of adults have ADHD and 4.5% of adults in the United States. There is reported to be approximately 8 to 10 million who do not know that they have ADHD.
Summary of Chapter One
This chapter in this study has presented the topic to be researched or that of ADHD among adults as it relates to the impact upon their behavior in the work environment and the intention to examine intervention strategies for managing work environment behavior among these adults. The study will be a qualitative study although complemented with data presented in a quantitative manner as well. The research is to be conducted through an extensive review of literature and…
Bibliography
Adler, LA, Spencer, TJ, Stein, MA and Newcorn, JH (2008) CNS Spectrums. Expert Roundtable Supplement. Best Practices in Adult ADHD: Epidemiology, Impairments and Differential Diagnosis.
Adult ADHD -- Hidden Diagnosis (2010) Social Work Today. Vol 10 No. 3. Retrieved from: http://www.socialworktoday.com/archive/052010p14.shtml
Clay, R. (2013) Easing ADHD without Meds. American Psychological Association Monitor on Psychology. Feb 2013, Vol. 44 No. 2. Retrieved from: http://www.apa.org/monitor/2013/02/easing-adhd.aspx
Ramsay, R. (2013) Psychosocial Interventions for ADHD in Adults: A Guide for Primary Care Providers. Adult ADHD Toolkit. Professional Education. Retrieved from: http://www.naceonline.com/AdultADHDtoolkit/professionalresources/ramsaytranscript.pdf
On the whole, the Academy calls for the abolition of exemption laws and endorses initiatives to educate the public about the medical needs of children (Committee on ioethics)..
While AAP recognizes the importance of religion to people's lives, it also warns physicians and other health care professionals should put the health and welfare of children over religious considerations (Committee on ioethics 1997). It encourages pediatricians to respect parents' decision but not when their religious convictions interfere with medical care necessary to prevent harm, suffering or death. When this happens, pediatricians should seek the authorization of the court to override parental authority. If the threat to a child's life is imminent, the health care practitioner should intervene over parental objections. Securing court authorization should, however, be the last course of action. The health care practitioner should cooperate with the family in applying appropriate palliative care. Even when the securing of court…
Bibliography
Bender, Denise G. Do Fourteenth Amendment Considerations Outweigh a Potential State
Interest in Mandating Cochlear Implantation for Deaf Children. Journal of Deaf
Studies and Deaf Education: University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 2004
Committee on Bioethics. Religious Objections to Medical Care. Volume 9 number 2
This leads directly to the issue of efficiency, which can be seen quite clearly from the above description to be harmed by government intervention in the short-term; by not allowing the market to find appropriate price point in the rapid manner of supply and demand curves, efficiency is eroded. This is where things get complicated, however, and where a true definition of terms must occur. The concept of efficiency itself is fairly straightforward, but in this context long-term and short-term efficiency must be distinguished. Though short-term efficiency is diminished by government intervention, this is not necessarily the case when major detrimental fluctuations over the long-term are controlled.
It is in the area of market stability that the theoretical quandary of the efficiency issue can be solved. Government regulation quite directly and purposefully, in almost all circumstances, increases market stabilization by controlling prices, providing subsidies, and in some instances controlling the…
interventions for cases of spousal abuse, estimates place yearly cases of women beaten by husband at nearly 2 million (Rue, 1996). Improved records on such incidents have documented the connection between domestic violence and cases severe enough to cause an arrest for either assault of homicide in recent years. y some reports, cases of domestic assault or homicide followed police calls to the address for reports of spousal abuse in 85% of the cases. In addition, in 50% of the cases, threats of violence were made before the incidents (Egan, 2001).
Although a small number of cases of spousal abuse are wife against husband (Rue, 1996), the great majority involves the wife as victim. Experts on spousal abuse believe that in such marriages, the relationship begins as a loving relationship but that gradually the definition of "love" is distorted and includes emotions of jealousy and suspicion. As the marriage progresses,…
Bibliography
John Jay College of Criminal Justice. Accessed via the Internet 11/17/02. http://www.lib.jjay.cuny.edu/research/spouse.html
Rue, Tom. 1996. "Exploring options for victims of spouse abuse." The River Reporter. Accessed via the Internet 11/17/02. http://www.riverreporter.com/news/rue/860320.htm
The achievement gap is a problem for many younger learners that appears to be impacted by racial and socio-economic factors (Harackiewicz, Canning, Tibbetts, Priniski & Hyde, 2016). However, social psychology interventions can be applied to help reverse the negative impacts of these factors and instill confidence in young students on the wrong end of the achievement gap (Spitzer & Aronson, 2015; Yeager & Walton, 2011). This paper will describe an intervention to address the problem of the achievement gap so as to assist in closing it.
The problem of the achievement gap is one that impacts all of society: educational disparities cause disruptions in the balance of economic opportunities for people around the whole country. As one group excels, another falls behind, which means there are fewer opportunities for the latter to succeed. Closing the achievement gap can help to create more equitability in education and allow for more even…
Teen Pregnancy
Description
Teenage pregnancy is described as being pregnant or being a mother below 20 years of age in most of the conducted researches. Only two researches considered had an age limit of 20 years, while another one had a limit of 21 years (Noll, Shenk, & Putnam, 2009).
The rate of teenage child birth differs by a 10 factor in case of first world nations. Netherlands on one hand has a negligible rate of 12 infants per 1,000 teenagers each year while Russia on the other hand has a rate of 100 infants per 1000 teenagers. During the 1990's United States of America spiked with teenage pregnancies which was the same in 1980's as well. Japan and European nations have controlled pregnancy rates (40 infants per 1,000). England peaks the European bloc with teenage pregnancy. One research in 2000 concluded that annually in England, around 90,000 child births…
Bibliography
Amoran, O. (2012). A comparative analysis of predictors of teenage pregnancy and its prevention in a rural town in Western Nigeria. Amoran International Journal for Equity in Health, 2-7.
Dickins, T., Johns, S., & Chipman, A. (2012). Teenage Pregnancy In The United Kingdom: A Behavioral Ecological Perspective. Journal of Social, Evolutionary, and Cultural Psychology, 344-359.
Fonseca, L., Araujo, H., & Santos, S. (2012). Sexualities, teenage pregnancy and educational life histories in Portugal: experiencing sexual citizenship? Gender and Education, 647-664.
Hoggart, L. (2012). I'm Pregnant...what am I going to do? An examination of value judgments and moral frameworks in teenage pregnancy decision making. Health, Risk and Society, 533-549.
Human Resource Management Models
The performance management model is one of the four major human resource management interventions deployed throughout organizations in contemporary times. The others include talent and career development interventions, work diversity dimensions and interventions, and stress management diagnosis and intervention. The performance management model is predominantly concerned with motivating employees to increase their performances. This model hinges on business strategy, employee involvement, and workplace technology -- which are utilized to maximize the performance of both individuals and groups of employees. From these sources, an organization is able to devise reward systems, goal setting, and evaluation of performances to help improve performance efficacy.
The performance management model is pivotal to understanding the sort of leadership styles and attributes in place at Procter & Gamble and Colgate-Palmolive, respectively. Understanding how these organizations choose to motivate their employees -- particularly when viewed through the lens of the aforementioned model --…
PICOT
As Karnik and Kanekar (2012) show, there are many interventions available to health care providers for childhood obesity, which has fast become a "global public health crisis" in the world (p. 1). These interventions include the promotion of family bonding, education, and pharmacology.
The specific aim of this project is to improve outcomes with regard to children's health. By measuring the impact of one intervention against another, primary care providers can better understand which intervention may be more effective in helping to reduce the rate of childhood obesity for their patients.
This study will measure the weight, dietary and physical exercise habits of children and adolescent patients at a primary care facility over the duration of 6 months time. During that time, the patients will be exposed to two separate interventions -- a pharmacological intervention and a health literacy intervention.
The PICOT is as follows:…
References
Karnik, S., Kanekar, A. (2012). Childhood obesity: A global public health crisis.
International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 3(1): 1-7.
Topic for intervention plan: Valuing Diversity
About the topic
Cultivating a diverse workforce can have great power in a corporation. Diversity can be brought about by a different race, demographic, age, residing locations, culture, or even language. Therefore, diversity is not about these categories but about anything that differences one individual from another. It could be ideas skills, thoughts, knowledge, geography, culture or opinions. An organization can achieve diversity by including the differences among the people in the mix when making critical decisions, generating new ideas and solutions to the challenges they face internally as well as to the external clients’ needs (Sabharwal, 2014). It involves encouraging a variety of opinions, embracing new ideas and the focus on building a culture that fosters innovation through valuing of the existing differences.
Why is valuing diversity an Issue
Research has shown that there lacks significant diversity in the commercial industries. Only a…
Doctors of nursing practice have an ethical and professional obligation to disseminate findings that emerge from relevant and timely research. One area of ongoing concern is the near-epidemic levels of childhood obesity that have emerged in recent years due in large part to increasingly sedentary lifestyles and poor eating habits among young people. This paper provides an assessment and reflection on the success of the program design for disseminating the results of childhood obesity research, the challenges that were encountered, and the ethical considerations that may warrant additional attention. A summary of the research and important findings concerning these issues are provided in the conclusion.
Assessment and eflection
Over the past several weeks, my understanding of the national health-promotion and disease-prevention issue has become far more acute. The extent of the childhood obesity problem in this country became increasingly apparent as study after study confirmed the existence of the problem…
References
Berkowitz, B. & Borchard, M. (2009, January). Advocating for the prevention of childhood obesity: A call to action for nursing. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 14(1), 37-41.
Cawley, J. (2006, Spring). Markets and childhood obesity policy. The Future of Children, 16(1),
69-75.
Hannan, M. (2014, April 1). Setting the standard. National Recreation and Parks
biases and presumptions about the mindset and competencies of others can muddy and otherwise make problematic any implementation of organizational development. The second pertains to how an adept organizational development person would go about choosing and implementing the proper interventions when it comes to challenges in the workplace and organization relating to the above. Beyond that, it will be answered how it could or should be measured whether or to what degree the intervention is working after the implemented solution has been implemented. While someone's presumptions or "gut" can be on the money sometimes, there are many other times where these intuitions can be partially or entirely wrong and, regardless, it is wrong to just assume things without solid and complete evidence.
Questions Answered
Question One
The one main reason an organizational development intervention would not work would be one of two things. The first is that the people that…
References
Manning, M.R. & Binzagr, G.F. (1996). Methods, values and assumptions underlying large
group interventions intended to change whole systems. International Journal of Organizational Analysis. 4(3). 268-284.
Rothwell, W.J. & Sullivan, R. (2005). Practicing organization development: A guide for consultants (2nd ed). San Francisco, CA. Pfeiffer.
Future esearch
Implications for practice (i.e. what practitioners can learn from these findings in order to enhance their practice)
The findings from the research are showing that there are a number of effects which are directly related to interventions. However, the reality is that certain amounts of flexibility must be applied throughout the process. To achieve these larger objectives a number of different areas are recommended. The most notable include:
Interventions are important by identifying the significance of major transformations and how they can be introduced. This helps someone to learn how to understand the individual and the best ways to encourage them to change. These practices can be utilized in a professional or educational environment.
The data is showing that these programs help the person to grow and become more involved in work / school.
Interactions are formed with faculty and mentors forging a strong bond.
Analyzing the program…
References
Newman, P. (2012). Bracketing Qualitative Research. Qualitative Social Work, 11 (1), 80-96.
Wiles, R. (2011). Innovation in Qualitative Research Methods. Qualitative Research. 1 (14), 41-60.
TI
esponse to Intervention
esponse to Intervention (TI)
Over the past decade, rapid changes have occurred in general educational practice to increase the focus on early identification of and intervention for students considered at risk. The aptly named response-to-intervention (TI) model of service delivery is generally described as a multi-tiered model whereby students receive interventions of increasing intensity, with movement from one level to another based on demonstrated performance and rate of progress (Gresham, 2007). This sizable paradigm shift has been influenced in part by recent special education legislation, which allows the practice of TI as an alternative to the traditional "IQ- achievement discrepancy" model of learning disability identification and allows 15% of federal special education funding to be allocated toward early intervening services (Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act, 2004). Moreover, TI has gained favor in light of mounting evidence suggesting that intensive intervention during the primary grades is…
References
Aikens, N.L., & Barbarin, O. (2008). Socioeconomic differences in reading trajectories: The contribution of family, neighborhood, and school contexts. Journal of Educational Psychology, 100(2), 235 -- 251.
Barnett, D.W.,VanDerHeyden, A.M.,&Witt, J.C. (2007).Achieving science-based practice through response to intervention: What it might look like in preschools. Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation, 17, 31 -- 54.
Berkeley, S., Bender, W.N., Peaster, L.G., & Saunders, L. (2009). Implementation of response to intervention: A snapshot of progress. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 42, 85 -- 95.
Bradley, R., Danielson, L., & Doolittle, J. (2005). Response to intervention. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 38, 485 -- 486.
Pyramid of Intervention
hat is the purpose of the Pyramid of Intervention?
For students that are struggling in their quest to learn, there are a number of interventions available through various educational channels. One of those interventions is the "Pyramid of Intervention" (POI), and according to professors with the University of South Florida, this pyramid is designed for children who need additional intervention to ensure their continuing development as learners. "A tiered intervention model is an excellent fit with the presumption" -- in the very important period of early childhood -- "that young children…" should be given learning opportunities that take place in the natural environment and in "inclusive settings" in order to meet their needs (Fox, et al., 2009).
Moreover, there has been a need for a particular intervention that addresses the social and behavioral issues young learners go through, and Fox explains that there is a "…substantial body…
Works Cited
Fox, L, Carta, J., Strain, P., Dunlap, G., and Hemmeter, M.L. (2009). Response to Intervention
And the Pyramid Model. University of South Florida / Technical Assistance Center on Social
Emotional Intervention. Retrieved September 18, 2013, from http://nhcebis.seresc.net .
Howery, K., McClellan, T., and Pederson-Bayus, K. (2013). "Reaching Every Student" with a Pyramid of Intervention Approach: One District's Journey. Canadian Journal of Education,
Nursing Intervention in Disaster
The possibility of occurrence of disasters is a reality. With this in mind there should be efforts made to prevent any upcoming or potentially disastrous events. These efforts are what are known as disaster prevention. Disaster prevention therefore refers to efforts put in place to ensure that adverse effects of events that are potentially disastrous are prevented even when the disaster cannot be controlled. Disaster prevention is done at various levels of the society and is undertaken so as to prevent all types of disasters. Nurses are involved to a large extent when it comes to the prevention and mitigation of disasters. Nurses are involved in institutions that can influence change and due to the unique skills that they posses they can make interventions in disasters. To perform efficiently, a nurse must be always prepared to make changes in plan actions at any time and at…
References
Harden, E.G., (2004). The role of nursing in disasters. Retrieved march 22, 2013 from http://helid.digicollection.org/en/d/Jdi018e/2.html
Rittenmeyer, L., (2007). Disaster preparedness: Are you ready? Retrieved march 22,2013 from http://www.nursingcenter.com/prodev/ce_article.asp?tid=726331
Wolters Kluwer Health, (2007). LWW Journals - Beginning with A. Retrieved March 22, 2013, from http://journals.lww.com/smajournalonline/fulltext/2007/09000/spiritual_issues_in_the_aftermath_of_disaster.32.aspx
PBIS Lit
Positive Behavioral Intervention and Support (PBIS) in Elementary Schools and in Impoverished Settings
Extensive research has been carried out examining the design and implementation of Positive Behavioral Intervention and Supports (PBIS) programs in schools, districts, and on even larger state scales. The research is highly consistent in finding positive effects on behavior and learning through the successful implementation of PBIS programs, however there are significant variations found in implementation schemes and in the environmental effects on the success of PBIS programs and interventions. Less research specifically pertaining to the implementation of PBIS on Title I elementary schools is available, however the literature that has been produced in this area clearly suggests difficulties in implementation but some measure of success when programs can be successfully designed and carried out.
There are currently approximately ten-thousand or more schools that have implemented PBIS programs (based on the latest data available and…
References
Barnes, C. (2002). Standards reform in high-poverty schools. New York: Teacher's College Press.
Barrett, S., Bradshaw, C. & Lewis-Palmer, T. (2008). Maryland Statewide PBIS Initiative: Systems, Evaluation, and Next Steps. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions 10(2): 105-14.
Bradshaw, C., Koth, C., Bevans, K.,, Ialongo, N. & Leaf, P. (2008). The impact of school-wide positive behavioral interventions and supports (PBIS) on the organizational health of elementary schools. School Psychology Quarterly 23(4): 462-73.
Bradshaw, C., Reinke, W., Brown, L., Bevans, K. & Leaf, P. (2008a). Implementation of school-wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) in elementary schools: observations from a randomized trial. Education and Treatment of Children 31(1).
Special Needs Intervention
Client Profile
Brenda is a seven-year-old second grader that has been identified as dyslexic. She has significant delays in pre-literacy and numeracy skills have been identified through both formal assessment and performance in classroom activities. Work samples demonstrate that Brenda has difficulty sequencing and recognizing word phenomes and putting them together for reading and writing activities. Brenda does not demonstrate the ability to recognize phenomes in words. Brenda frequently reverses letters and/or the whole words when performing literacy tasks.
An interview with Brenda's teacher reveals that other than her problems associated with dyslexia, Brenda's development and functioning is on target with a majority of her peers. She tends to display shyness and introversion when called upon in class to perform activities associated with literacy and numeracy. She is polite and participates actively in class activities. She is a pleasant child and normally social with her classmates. She…
References
Adams, M., Foorman, B., Lundberg, I. & Beeler, T. (2011). "Phonemic Awareness in Young
Children." Reading Rockets. Retrieved from http://www.readingrockets.org/article/408/
Dyslexiaaustralia.com (n.d.). Dyslexia Testing Services. Retrieved from http://www.dyslexiaaustralia.com.au/information-mainmenu-90/38-disability-discrimination
Dyslexiasymptoms.net. (2011). Dyslexia Symptoms, Tests and Treatment. Retrieved from http://www.dyslexiasymptoms.net/page/2
Torticollis Intervention
Torticollis is a condition which can be either temporary and of a minor inconvenience or it can be chronic and physically debilitating. The implications of the condition can run the gamut of severity and susceptibility to treatment. Torticollis, or a twisting of the neck, can be extremely common but its causes and impact exist across a wide range of variations. The discussion here will offer a concise overview of the condition with consideration of its various suspected causes, its most salient symptoms, strategies for its treatment and existing technologies or adaptive strategies aimed at helping individuals live with the condition.
Condition Background:
Torticollis is not an altogether uncommon presence at the time of birth. hen the condition is present at the time of birth, it is referred to as congenital or inherited torticollis. According to the research provided by the Baby Center Medical Advisory Board (BMAB) (2012) "about…
Works Cited:
Baby Center Medical Advisory Board (BCMAB). (2012). Torticollis. Babycenter.com.
Cunha, J.P. (2009). Torticollis Overview. EMedicine Health.
Mayo Clinic Staff. (2008). Cervical Dystonia. Mayo Clinic.com.
Medline Plus. (2011). Torticollis. NLM.NIH.gov.
Intervention Effectiveness
esponse to instruction and intervention TI2 is reported as a general approach in education to closing the gap in achievement. TI2 methods are constructed upon the esponse to Intervention (TI) model that was an option for schools under the 'Building the Legacy, Idea 2004 reauthorization of the individuals with Disabilities Education Act IDEA. (California Department of Education, 2011) TI and the expanded TI2 are reported as being based upon "17 years of practice that has refined continuous progress monitoring as a strategy for keeping students on a path toward success." (California Department of Education, 2011) TI is reported as a strategy that moves all students through the steps set out in the learning standards and is further more stated to be an approach that views both academic and behavioral achievement of students.
Tier 1-3
Tier 1 included the 'Universal Interventions' which include "preventive, proactive, universal intervention in all…
References
Benchmark interventions -- reinforcement (2011) Department of Education. Retrieved from: http://pubs.cde.ca.gov/tcsii/ch2/bnchmrkrnfrcmnt.aspx
Case Study: El Rancho Unified School District in Pico Rivera, California (2011) International Reading Program. Retrieved from: http://www.reading.org/downloads/resources/rti0707_implications.pdf
Case Study: Pella Community School District, Iowa (2011) International Reading Program. Retrieved from:
The international law is the universal rules and principles guiding the conducts and relations between nation-states, and international organizations. The modern concept of international law started in the 17th century, and has been accepted as the rules and conducts guiding the relations among nation states. In the contemporary international environment, rules and principles guiding the states' conducts have become critically important to maintain international peace and security, and preventing violation and aggression. However, the principle of the international law prohibits the use of force against other state actors except where the security council authorizes the use of military force to restore the international peace or where a state uses the force as a self-defence. In the international arena, nation states have been found using the overt and covert method to exercise military interventions against other states. However, a self-defense is one of the major factors that provokes a state to…
(McGannon, Carey and Dimmitt, 2005)
To address this need in the field of school counseling, the CSCOR has developed the National Panel for School Counseling Evidence-ased Practice, which is composed of school counseling educators and practitioners who have been identified as experts in the field. Panel members are currently evaluating existing methods of evidence-based practice by reviewing the research literature so that they may establish rules of evidence to determine whether a practice can be identified as evidence-based. The panel is identifying rules for judging strong evidence, identifying needed research, and communicating their findings to other practitioners and researchers. (McGannon, Carey, and Dimmitt, 2005)
The work of Jeremy M. Linton entitled: "Perceived Therapeutic Qualities of Counselor Trainees with Disabilities" states that a learning disability (LD) is present when the person's achievement in a specific academic area is significantly below the level expected for age, schooling, and level of intelligence. In…
Bibliography
Carey, John; Dimmitt, Carey McGannon, and Carey, Wendy (2005) the Current Status of School Counseling Outcome Research. School of Education - University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Research Monograph, Number 2, May 2005.
Problem Solving and RTI: New Roles for School Psychologists by Andrea Canter, 2006, February, Communique, 34(5). Available from www.nasponline.org
Linton, Jeremy M. (1999) Perceived Therapeutic Qualities of Counselor Trainees with Disabilities. Journal of Instructional Psychology March 1999.
Elbaum, Batya; and Vaughn, Sharon (2008) Can School-Based Interventions Enhance the Self-Concept of Students with Learning Disabilities? National Center for Learning Disabilities. 2008. online available at http://www.ncld.org/content/view/518/
The first on the recommended list is that the physician must acknowledge the grief that the person is feeling, and also acknowledge the fact that he, himself, may not know what the bereaved person is going through at that particular moment. He can directly express sympathy for the bereaved family, and he can talk freely about the deceased, and mention his name too, when talking about him. He can elicit questions about the exact circumstances in which the death had occurred, and he can ask direct questions about how the bereaved feels, and what he thinks about the death and how it has affected him. The don'ts to be followed by the physician or clinician are that the clinician must never adopt a casual or passive attitude, like for example, saying, 'call me if you want to talk'. He must also learn never to make statements that what happened was…
References
Ambrose, Jeannette. "Traumatic Grief, what we need to know as Trauma Responders" Retrieved from http://www.ctsn-rcst.ca/Traumaticgrief.html. Accessed 15 July, 2006
Christie, Grace. (2000) "Healing Children's Grief, surviving a parent's death from cancer"
Crisis Intervention" Retrieved at http://www.minddisorders.com/Br-Del/Crisis-intervention.html. Accessed 14 July, 2006
Davidson, Joyce D. (1999) "Living with Grief, at work, at school, at worship"
, 1999). In many areas of the country this may be very accurate.
Another problem that comes into the picture where obesity in children is concerned is that many parents must work very long hours today to pay bills and have money for what their family needs (Mokdad, et al., 1999). ecause of this, many children are latchkey kids and are not watched as closely by their parents as they used to be (Mokdad, et al., 1999). Children used to come home from school and go and play with others, but many now live in neighborhoods where this is unsafe or where there are no children their age so they remain inside watching TV or playing video games and snacking on whatever is available (Mokdad, et al., 1999).
If there is healthy food in the house this is often not a problem, but many households are full of potato chips,…
Bibliography
Anderson, J.G. (1987). Structural equation models in the social and behavioral sciences: Model building. Child Development, 58, 49-64.
Arlin, M. (1976). Causal priority of social desirability over self-concept: A cross-lagged correlation analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 33, 267-272.
Averill, P. (1987). The role of parents in the sport socialization of children. Unpublished senior thesis, University of Houston.
Bandura, a. (1969). A social-learning theory of identificatory processes. In D.A. Goslin (Ed.), Handbook of socialization theory and research (pp. 213-262). Chicago: Rand McNally.
The Taliban have many sympathizers in the tribal areas of Pakistan and it is suspected that bin Laden and his lieutenant, and his lieutenant, Ayman al-Zawahiri, may well be in Pakistan (Ibid.) it has also been alleged that the powerful ISI (the Pakistan army's intelligence wing) still has links with the Taliban and elements within the agency are sympathizers of Islamic extremists, who may be surreptitiously helping the Taliban. The U.S. has also been accused of carrying out attacks on alleged hideouts of militants across the Pakistan side of the border by drone and missile attacks that have caused a number of civilian deaths. This has further inflamed anti-American sentiment in Pakistan, where the majority of public opinion was never in favor of the United States, in any case. The U.S. support for Musharraf has also emboldened him to perpetuate his rule as he has recently imposed Emergency, suspended the…
Works Cited
Analysis: Who are the Taleban?" BBC News. December 20, 2000. November 23, 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/144382.stm
Chapter I: Purposes and Principles." Charter of the United Nations: UN.org. November 23, 2007. http://www.un.org/aboutun/charter/chapter1.htm
Hassan, Sulman. "The legality of the United States intervention in Afghanistan."
American Studies Today Online. July 15, 2004. November 23, 2007. http://www.americansc.org.uk/Online/Forum/Afghanlegality.htm
2).
According to Kane and Houston-Vega, Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia and manifests as "an insidious memory impairment, with other possible symptoms including aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, and disturbances in executive functioning" (p. 286).
In a highly multicultural society such as characterizes the United Kingdom today, identifying any relevant cultural factors that must be taken into account when formulating walking regimens as proposed herein. For example, Kane and his colleagues report, "There are differing epidemiological rates for dementia among the various ethno-cultural groups. Additionally, there are differing values, beliefs, behaviors, attitudes, coping strategies, and needs related to Alzheimer's disease and other types of dementia. This is evidenced by an expanding body of literature that describes the effect of mental health concerns, such as dementia, on diverse ethno-cultural groups" (p. 285).
Beyond the challenges to the provision of a cost-effective, community-based walking regimen is the difficulty involved in…
References
College of Occupational Therapists Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct. (2005). College of Occupational Therapists. [Online]. Available: http://hsc.uwe.ac.uk/practicesupport/ .
Ebersole, P. & Hess, P. (1998). Toward healthy aging: Human needs and nursing response. St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
Evans, S. & Garner, J. (2004). Talking over the years: A handbook of dynamic psychotherapy with older adults. New York: Brunner-Routledge.
Hill, R.D., Thorn, B.L., Bowling, J. & Morrison, a. (2002). Geriatric residential care. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
AfAm Autism
Autism Interventions Amongst African-Americans
The rise in diagnoses of autism spectrum disorders amongst wide swaths of children in the developed world has led to many complex and unique problems for parents, physicians, and children. Understanding and properly addressing autism and its impact on learning, family, and the community in specific ethnic, religious, and cultural contexts requires accurate and comprehensive knowledge of how the problem and potential solutions are perceived by individual cultural community. The following pages provide a brief overview of research related to autism in the African-American community, with special attention paid to specific intervention programs and methods that are successful in addressing autism amongst African-Americans. From this analysis, it can be seen that well-defined problems exist when confronting autism and other mental disorders in this cultural group, and that particular frameworks need to be implemented in order to achieve truly effective results.
Autism Interventions for African-Americans…
References
Dyches, T., Wilder, L., Sudweeks, R., Obiaker, F. & Algozzine, B. (2004). Multicultural issues in autism. Journal of Autism and Development Disorders 34(2): 211-22.
Mandell, D. & Novak, M. (2005). The role of culture in families' treatment decisions for children with autism spectrum disorders. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Review 11(2): 110-5.
Yoder, P. & Stone, M. (2006). Randomized comparison of two communication interventions for preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 74(3): 426-35.
Pathophysiology
Cardiovascular Interventions
Cardiovascular disease is especially dangerous and one of the only effective measures to handle it is prevention. This ultimately makes interventions so crucial, especially with patients with a history of cardiovascular disease and those still showing signs of cardiovascular health. For the case in question, it is crucial to establish with the patient a need to start interventions so that he can avoid further cardiovascular problems. The patient witnessed an abnormal treadmill test, which ultimately signifies issues with the cardiovascular system that may endanger the patient's health.
First, there are interventions that deal with lifestyle changes. These are the least invasive because they do not entail the introduction of medicines or the need for surgery. ather, they aim to intervene with unhealthy lifestyle choices within the life of the patient. Changes in lifestyle include diets, exercise routines, and other changes that promote better cardiovascular health (Lauer, 2008).…
References
Aijaz, Bilal, Babuin, Luciano, Squires, Ray, & Kopecky, Stephen. (2008). Long-term mortality with multiple treadmill exercise test abnormalities: Comparison between patients with and without cardiovascular disease. American Heart Journal. Web. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/581591_4
Artinian, Nancy T., Fletcher, Gerald F., Mozaffarian, Dariush, Kris-Etherton, Penny, & Van Horn, Linda. (2010). Interventions to promote physical activity and dietary lifestyle changes for cardiovascular risk factor reduction in adults. Circulation, 122(2010), 406-441.
Dunn, Steven P., Holmes, David., & Moliterno, David J. (2012). Drug-drug interactions in cardiovascular catheterizations and interventions. Journal of American College of Cardiovascular Interventions, 5(12), 1195-1208.
Lauer, Michael S. (2008). The exercise treadmill test: Estimating cardiovascular prognosis. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 75(6), 424-430.
This research considered this by looking at a key constituent of low self-control which is the risk seeking tendency in order to decide its constancy and change throughout early childhood, its influences on changes in criminal behavior, and its receptiveness to a complete delinquency lessening program. These matters were looked at with information from the Children at isk (CA) program, an arbitrarily allocated interference that looked at early youth. The examination exposed considerable reliability in risk seeking, but there was proof of change as well, and these alterations were connected with contemporary alterations in delinquency. isk seeking alterations were not a consequence of contribution in the CA program, in spite of that program's achievement at dropping some appearance of delinquency (Hay, Meldrum, Forrest and Ciaravolo, 2010).
Part II: Assessment of the main strengths of the reading with particular emphasis on its utility for understanding adolescent development or social work intervention.…
References
Arthur, Michael W., Hawkins, J. David, Brown, Eric C, Briney, John S., Oesterle, Sabrina and Abbott, Robert D. (2010). Implementation of the Communities that Care Prevention
System by Coalitions in the Community Youth Development Study. Journal of Community Psychology, 38(2), p. 245 -- 258.
Hay, Carter, Meldrum, Ryan, Forrest, Walter and Ciaravolo, Emily. (2010). Stability and Change
in Risk Seeking: Investigating the Effects of an Intervention Program. Retrieved December 6, 2010, from http://yvj.sagepub.com/content/8/2/91
Even if one uses the previous five sets, they must decide the percentage of importance and relevance to assign to each criterion. It as such becomes understandable why peoples or states use the same decisional framework and come to inconsistent results. Personally, I would place the most emphasis on human rights and would generally decide in favor of an armed intervention in countries where more cases of human rights breaches are registered. Secondly, I would also look at the United States' interests and possible losses pegged to the intervention. How could it benefit or harm us? Third, I would seek international acceptance, support and cooperation from other sovereign states. The final element I would consider is not present in the five set decision criteria, but I hold it pivotal. It would consist of an analysis of the diplomatic efforts in the region. I would trail the discussions and their outcomes;…
detection and intervention in childhood mental health help prevent mental health problems in adult life?
Disregarding the mental well-being requirements of children is an intolerable violation of our basic undertaking to protect their well-being. Unfavorable mental disposition amidst our children is a less acknowledged difficulty that influences their literary, societal, and emotional enhancement. Mental well-being is a wide attribute to be analyzed. The mental well-being requirements of children and youth demand introspection. There is prevalent refuting that mental well-being is comprehensive of the influence on the children -- amidst all age distinct ions, variety of cultural sections, and all income sections. Such miscomprehensions are recurring, and involvement and care are unlikely to be found. Many people have the belief that children having mental well-being difficulties are just under the impact of a particular passing cloud. (Promoting Access for Children to Mental Health Screens and Assessments in Medicaid and the Children's…
References
AAMR. "Mental retardation: Definition, classification, and systems of supports," 9th edition (1992).
Caplan G. "Principles of Preventive Psychiatry," Basic Books, New York, 1964
Children's Mental Health: Current Challenges and a Future Direction Traditional Mental Health Services for Children: Current Arrangements and Challenges." Retrieved at http://www.healthinschools.org/mhs3.asp . Accessed on 12/08/2003
Children, Youth and Mental Disorders." The Primer May, 2003
Organizational Transformation and Intervention at the U.S. Army
Army, like many organizations whose cultures are design to resist and reject change to ensure consistency of structure and clarity of mission, is in need of a transformation and intervention. The vision, mission and objectives of the U.S. Army require a more agile, flexible and modular organizational structure that promotes transformational leadership over transactional management. The cultural constraints however are exceptionally rigid in this organization and transformational leadership the exception rather than the rule. The key constructs of the Burke-Litwin Model however illustrate that transactional leadership is more complex to manage and maintain over the significantly more streamlined transformational leadership structures the researchers have defined (Burke, Litwin, 1992). The intent of this analysis is to show how an intervention plan for the U.S. Army would make the organization more capable of achieving its vision, mission and objectives. The rationale for the intervention…
References
Bititci, U.S., Mendibil, K., Nudurupati, S., Garengo, P., & Turner, T. (2006). Dynamics of performance measurement and organisational culture. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 26(12), 1325-1350.
Burke, W.W., & Litwin, G.H. (1992). A causal model of organizational performance and change. Journal of Management, 18(3), 523-523.
Johnson, D.M. (2004). Adaptation of organizational change models to the implementation of quality standard requirements. The International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 21(2), 154-174.
Tobacco industry has seen significant government intervention since at least the New Deal. Tobacco farmers have typically received subsidies for their crops and the benefits of marijuana prohibition but in more decent decades they have also faced increasingly strict controls on the sale of tobacco products. Prior to the era of restrictive cigarette sales, and buoyed by subsidies, tobacco was one of the more lucrative products to farm in the United States, a situation that has changed of late. The most recent move on the part of the government was the Transitional Tobacco Payment Program, which as the name implies was intended to provide incentive for farmers to transition to other crops (Mccord, 2014).
The moves on the part of government have reflected different roles that government has played. The subsidies reflected the role that government plays in promoting agriculture, not just promoting a farming lifestyle but ensuring a certain…
It is felt that an important part of this process is the family since that is where the child spends the majority of their time. The family situation and the experiences that are provided to the child within this situation are critical to a child's development (Bruder, 2000).
Physical Therapy is one type of early intervention that is often used with disabled children. The idea of family-centered care brings many wonderful things to the practice of pediatric physical therapy. Physical therapy is the profession of developing, maintaining and restoring maximum movement and function to a patient. Treatments often focus on improving gross and fine motor skills, balance and coordination, strength and endurance as well as cognitive and sensory processing. For a child with a disability all of these practices are things that they need to work on and improve in order to be able to grow up and care for…
References
Bruder, Mary Beth. (2000). Family-Centered Early Intervention: Clarifying Our Values for the New Millennium. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education. 20(2). p.105-115.
****Johnson, Beverly H. (1999). Family-Centered Care: Creating Partnerships in Health. Group Practice Journal. p. 18-21.
****- This citation needs the journal number and volume number in order to be complete…..it wasn't on the article itself and I couldn't locate it anywhere.
hitmire, director of the RTI Action Network and quoted in Samuels' article. Even with a good guide such as IES has put together, "the most motivated educators will still run up against challenges," hitmire explained. Indeed the RTI model certainly was given a boost in credibility in 2004 when Congress reauthorized the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act; the act states that RTI can be used as part of a process for "diagnosing students with specific learning disabilities" (Samuels).
A recent scholarly article in the Delta Kappa Gamma Bulletin (Linder, 2009) reviews a new book by R.L. Allington that suggests that RTI is among the "major issues currently facing American educators." Allington's book offers a lot of information on the best strategies for helping students with reading problems, including making sure interventions such as RTI include large amounts of time "spent with authentic reading rather than other types of activities" (Linder).…
Works Cited
Education / Evolving. "Response to Intervention: An alternative to traditional eligibility
Criteria for students with disabilities." Center for Policy Studies and Hamline
University. (2005): 1-8.
Harris-Murri, Nancy, King, Kathleen, and Rostenberg, Dalia. "Reducing
Afro-Caribbeans
WHAT WORKS EST
Adherence Intervention for Afro-Caribbeans
Recent improvements on prescription medications are beneficial only if patients adhere to them faithfully. Non-adherence is common and results in adverse conditions (Ho et al., 2009). This is a problem both to patients and heir care providers as well as the healthcare system itself. The solution consists of identifying the causes and motivations of non-adherence and the design and implementation of better interventions to improve adherence (Ho et al.). The following studies present and suggest more effective interventions for a variety of health conditions among Afro-Caribbean people who have been reported to have a high level of non-adherence to therapy.
Literature Review
Culture-Specific Interventions
Many health providers contend that more effective interventions in reducing risks for diseases, especially HIV / AIDS, through greater adherence need to culturally conform to the specific culture of the subject population (Archibald, 2011). This study used a…
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Adams, O.P. And Carter, A.O. (2010). Diabetes and hypertension guidelines and the primary health care practitioners in Barbados: knowledge, attitudes, practices and barriers -- a focus group study. Vol 11 # 96, BMC Family Practice: BioMed Central.
Retrieved on February 1, 2013 from http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2296/11/96
Archibald, C. (2011). Cultural tailoring for an Afro-Caribbean community: a naturalistic approach. Vol 18 # 4, Journal of Cultural Divers: Pubmed. Retrieved on January 27,
2013 from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3408883
Governments neutralize the monetary impacts of their foreign exchange activities. This sterilization seeks to prevent foreign exchange transactions from posing as obstacles to the domestic monetary policy objectives. The underlying disturbance is likely to cause conflict between governments. When the underlying disturbance to exchange rate originates from the domestic government, it is likely to pursue inflation objectives through non-sterilized foreign exchange interventions (Auerbach & Kotlikoff, 2009).
While other governments have boundaries on investments relating to international financial markets in different currencies, some governments factor objectives of nominal exchange rates into their financial policy decisions. For instance, the federal government occasionally alters the rate of federal funds while it undertakes compatible foreign exchange activities. Erecting the required monetary policy changes across the sale or purchase of foreign currency has a bigger impact on the foreign exchange rate. This is contrary to initiating this move through open market activities in state securities.…
References
Auerbach, a.J., & Kotlikoff, L.J. (2009). Macroeconomics: An integrated approach. Cambridge, Mass. [u.a.: MIT Press.
Madura, J. (2011). International Financial Management. Florence, KY: Cengage Learning, Inc.
Yotopoulos, Pan a. (2010). Exchange Rate Parity for Trade and Development: Theory, Tests, and Case Studies. Cambridge Univ Pr.
Gang Violence Interventions: Pulling Levers Programs
Gang Intervention
Over two decades of studies have shown partnerships between institutions and communities are required for effective and sustainable interventions to reduce gang violence, but the majority of intervention strategies have taken a reactionary approach, such as increasing policing efforts without addressing the underlying causes of gang violence (Gebo, Boyes-Watson, and Pinto-Wilson, 2010, p. 166). The lack of investment cognitive-behavioral interventions is evident by the prevalence of poorly designed studies investigating the effectiveness of such strategies, which makes drawing conclusions about their value difficult if not impossible (Fisher, Gardner, Montgomery, 2008).
A popular intervention strategy, at least among the law enforcement community, is the 'pulling levers' strategy (Braga, 2008). This strategy is essentially a problem-oriented approach to policing that involves choosing a crime problem, assembling an interagency working group, conducting research on the offender population, and coming up with a list of possible…
References
Braga, Anthony A. (2008). Pulling levers focused deterrence strategies and the prevention of gun homicide. Journal of Criminal Justice, 36, 332-343.
Fisher, Herrick, Gardner, Frances, Montgomery, Paul. (2008). Cognitive-behavioral interventions for preventing youth gang involvement for children and young people (7-16). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 2. San Francisco: John Wiley & Sons.
Gebo, Erika, Boyes-Watson, Carolyn, and Pinto-Wilson, Sayra. (2010). Reconceptualizing organizational change in the comprehensive gang model. Journal of Criminal Justice, 38, 166-173.
Now, teachers are complaining that they feel abused and harassed with the young students.
The students tend to become abusive. They do not respect the teachers. They swear and shout at the teachers. They throw things at the teachers and in some instances, the students physically assault the teachers.
This is the reason why most teachers feel threatened and would want to resign from their works.
Thus, without the corporal punishment, the students do not learn the real value of discipline and they do not maintain proper conduct. The students who did not receive any corporal punishment when they were still on their younger years tend to have deviant behaviors as they grow older.
Meanwhile, there are also studies which have proven that corporal punishment offers nothing but negative effects to both the psychological and emotional aspects of a child. Some of the proven negative impacts of corporal punishment are:…
Reference List
Curry, Lisa M. Effective Teaching through High Expectation and Class Management. 2000. USA Gymnastics. http://www.usa-dymnastics.org/publications/technique/2000/4/effective-teaching.html
Effective Instructional Strategies. http://www.flstw.fsu.edu/integrate/efins.html
Grogan-Kaylor, Andrew. 2004. "The effect of corporal punishment on antisocial behavior in children." Social Work Research
Lombardo, Lucien X. And Polonko, Karen A. 2000. "Comparative Analysis of the Corporal Punishment of Children: An Exploration of Human Rights and U.S. Law," International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice. Vol. 29, No.2, Fall 2005 pp. 173
232).
eferences
Ashley, O.S., Brady, T.M., & Marsden, M.E. (2003). Effectiveness of substance abuse treatment programming for women: A review. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 29(1), 19.
Bradley, .H., & Corwyn, .F. (2002). Socioeconomic status and child development. Annual eview of Psychology, 371.
Dane, B. (2000). Child welfare workers: An innovative approach for interacting with secondary trauma. Journal of Social Work Education, 36(1), 27.
Dodds, T.L. (2006). Defending America's children: How the current system gets it wrong. Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy, 29(2), 719.
Eisler, . (2000). Tomorrow's children: A blueprint for partnership education in the 21st century. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Garcia, P., & Holt, C.B. (2005, December). Preparing teachers for children in poverty: The Nashville District picks up the mantle for qualified instruction in high-needs schools. School Administrator, 62(11), 22.
Gilbert, N. (1997). Combating child abuse: International perspectives and trends. New York: Oxford University…
References
Ashley, O.S., Brady, T.M., & Marsden, M.E. (2003). Effectiveness of substance abuse treatment programming for women: A review. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 29(1), 19.
Bradley, R.H., & Corwyn, R.F. (2002). Socioeconomic status and child development. Annual Review of Psychology, 371.
Dane, B. (2000). Child welfare workers: An innovative approach for interacting with secondary trauma. Journal of Social Work Education, 36(1), 27.
Dodds, T.L. (2006). Defending America's children: How the current system gets it wrong. Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy, 29(2), 719.