The INA still influences the field of American immigration law today. In order to enforce the quotas that had been established, the INA created the Immigration and Naturalization Service. The INS served as the federal agency that enforced these limits for the remainder of the 20th century (Immigration, n.d).
When Congress passed the INA, an alien was defined as any person lacking citizenship or status as a national of the United States. Different categories of aliens include resident and nonresident, immigrant and nonimmigrant, and documented and undocumented or illegal. "The terms documented and undocumented refer to whether an arriving alien has the proper records and identification for admission into the U.S. Having the proper records and identification typically requires the alien to possess a valid, unexpired passport and either a visa, border crossing identification card, permanent resident card, or a reentry permit" (Immigration, n.d).

The need to limit illegal immigration into…...

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References

Constructing Whiteness. (2009). Retrieved October 18, 2009, from Web site:

 http://academic.udayton.edu/race/01race/white11.htm 

Immigration. (n.d.). Retrieved October 18, 2009, from Cornell University Law School Web

site:  http://topics.law.cornell.edu/wex/immigration

17).
However, mentorship alone will not satisfy some of the practical concerns in promoting Latino advancement, such as the language barriers some Latinos experience when transitioning from a primarily non-English speaking household to a mainstream classroom. Depending on the district, students may participate in stand-alone ESL programs where students are removed from their regular classrooms and taught English as a foreign language in a resource room or ESL students may receive instruction in a more intensive format. The 'pull out' method has the disadvantage of forcing students to grapple with math and science with their English-speaking peers, even though many students find such subjects difficult even in their primary language,. ESL-plus programs may comprise bilingual classrooms, or consist of classrooms where students receive content area instruction in their own language, along with English classes designed to enhance the second language learner's proficiency. or, the ESL-plus program may be in English, but…...

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References

Informal science for Latinos. (2008). Self-Reliance Foundation.

Retrieved February 23, 2010 at  http://www.informalscience.org/project/show/1724 

Kane, M.A; Beals, C.; Valeau, E.J.; Johnson, M.J. (2004). Fostering success among traditionally underrepresented student groups: Hartnell College's approach to implementation of the Math, Engineering, and Science Achievement (MESA) program. Community College

Journal of Research & Practice 28: 17:-26

Like so many people throughout history, including Martin Luther King, they may place their lives at stake if the political environment they interact with or live in is volatile.
Conclusions

The ideals and concepts presented in this paper reflect the views of the author. I chose the ideas of a collective consciousness and the idea of developing personality first, outside the realm of politics, before any one person or group commits to a "cause" they may or may not know anything about. Far too often in modern society youths are tempted to engage in activities and acts that defy their culture, integrity and nature. Through collective reasoning however, and discovery of ones skills, students can grow into adults that are diverse, adults that recognize change as positive, and adults that are less likely to engage in combat to make a point. There is an old saying that people have an obligation…...

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Reference (from customer)

Lipsitz, (2001): 176-77, in, Latinos, Alvarez Luis, Latino Studies vol 5: no 1.

Latino - Politics - Identity

For instance, the September 1917 celebration of Mexican Independence, was marketed as a ed Cross fundraising event, and the celebration of Cinco De Mayo was postponed for the duration of the War. (Mac Donald 150).
During World War II, the ranks of Latinos in the U.S. Armed Forces swelled to more than 400,000, a higher percentage than any other minority. Puerto icans had the second largest number of wartime casualties after the Hawaiians (odgriguez 40). There were approximately 65,000 Puerto ican troops, including 200 who served in the Women's Army Corps. Discrimination continued in this war, as well. The Department of Defense classified non-black Hispanics as Caucasians and black or dark skinned Hispanics as African-Americans, as a result official statistics recognizing Hispanic contributions in World War II are not available. Do to the lack of documentation, Hispanics' contributions are rarely found in history books.

During WWII, Mexican-Americans had the highest percentage…...

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References

Fontana Bernard L. Pictorial Images of Spanish North America Journal of the Southwest.(2000) 42.4

Hispanics. U.S. Military website. 8 December 2007.  http://www.prb.org/Articles/2007/HispanicsUSMilitary.aspx 

Mac Donald, Jason. Marginalising the Marginalised in Wartime: African-Americans and Mexican-Americans in Austin, Texas, during the World War I Era. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. (2006) 32.1.

Rodgriguez, Clara E.: Puerto Ricans: Born in the U.S.A. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

(State law did allow the segregation of black, Asian, and Indian children.)" (Espinosa, 2)
In other words, even though the decision would reflect a positive
push forward for those involved in the Lemon Grove Incident and for Mexican
Americans of the time, it would hinge on a racialist rationalization that
maintained the overtones of prejudice enabling the segregation on schools
on a more general level. Even for Latinos on the longer timeline, this
would prove a poor resolution to the question of equal treatment in terms
of opportunity, or at least it would have mixed implications. The positive
and negative implications of the decision are revealed in the aftermath of
the Alvarez decision. As the article by Espinosa tells, "the Lemon Grove
case ultimately helped defeat the Bliss Bill in the California legislative,
which attempted to reclassify Mexicans as Indians so that they could be
legally segregated under California laws of the time." (Espinosa, 2) This
demonstrates that even as the decision helped…...

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Works Cited:

Alvarez, R.R. (1986). The Lemon Grove Incident: The Nation's First

Successful Desegregation Court Case. The Journal of San Diego History,

32(2).

Espinosa, P. (1986). Lemon Grove Incident. National PBS Broadcast.

Padilla, R.V. & Chavez, R. (1995). The Leaning Ivory Tower: Latino

At the moment Latino students find it easy to seek for help from their family members and find so difficult to find the same help from members outside the family such as friends or the community. Since there is a great disparity between the Latino culture and the expectations of the United States educational system it is obvious that the Latino students require assistance to help them cope with this new culture which they can only get from those who are familiar with the new system; the Whites. Even though there are counseling services it has been noted that Latino students either underutilize them or never use them at all due to the lack of knowledge of their existence or not knowing the means of accessing them. This lack of access to such vital services can prevent them from gaining from the educational opportunities and ultimately leads to underachievement…...

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References

Alanis, I. & Rodriguez, M.A. (2008). Sustaining a dual language immersion program: Features of success. LLC: Taylor & Francis Group.

Arce, J. (2004). Latino bilingual teachers: The struggle to sustain an emancipator pedagogy in public schools, International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education,17(2).

Collier, V.P. (1995) Acquiring a second language for school, Directions in Language & Education, 1(4) (Washington, DC, George Washington University, National

Clearinghouse for Bilingual Education).

Latino Literature: Opposing Traditional Values
Course Extractions

There are several different facets of Latino literature that I am familiar with today that I was previously unaware of. Most of these are related to the variety of themes that recur in various manifestations throughout this genre of literature. The most fundamental aspect of learning that I have come away from this course with is that in this particular type of literature, themes and subject matter are not always what they appear as.

Even a cursory examination of the authors read in this course and some of the works of literature they produced confirm this thesis statement. There is a palpable subversion of traditional gender roles and conceptions in the works of Junot Diaz, who authored "Drown and "Aguantando," as well as in those of Sandra Cisneros, whose "Bien Pretty" exemplifies this characteristic. The works of Jorge Luis Borges, Julio Cortaza, and Horacio Quiroga all…...

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References

Borges, J.L. (1953). "The South." Writing to live.com. http://www.writingtolive.com/2011/10/fiction-stories-jorge-luis-borges-south.html

Cisneros, S. (1992). Woman Hollering Creek and Other Stories. New York: Vintage.

Diaz, J. (1997). Drown. New York: Riverhead Trade.

" (Hernandez & Lopez 2005; 38)
This set of general descriptors which may not necessarily apply universally, nonetheless helps to warrant the theory driving the research. Such is to say that this contributes to the argument that "retention is a complex and multidimensional issue [that] cannot be quickly or easily understood" and continues to suggest that "personal, involvement, environmental, and socio-cultural influences" all devise the experience of Latinos in America's schools. It suggests that intervention must consider a broad array causes extending from American society as a whole in order to improve graduation rates.

This theory is decidedly unempirical because the study by Hernandez & Lopez is largely preoccupied with descriptive imperatives for its study. The frame of the study is non-experimental, with an examination instead qualitative elaboration on the various features of the Latino experience that are likely to have had an impact on their retention rates in the United States.

The…...

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Works Cited:

Cozby. (2009). Studying Behavior. .

Creswell (2009). The Use of Theory. .

Hernandez, J.C. & Lopez, M.A. (2005). Leaking Pipeline: Issues Impacting Latino/A College Student Retention. J. College Student Retention, 6(1), 37-60.

Torres, V. (2006) A Mixed Method Study Testing Data-Model Fit of a Retention Model for Latino/a Students at Urban Universities. J. College Student Development, 47(3), 299-317.

Finally, in 1959, the last Mexican-American holdouts in Chavez Ravine were forcibly removed from their homes by police, and the bulldozers were brought in to clear all remaining buildings, according to the PBS report. Los Angeles Times reporter Dan Lai wrote in his blog on April 20, 2010:

"[Chavez Ravine] is a story of broken promises, wicked land deals, slimy business proceedings, highly questionable political wrangling, mayoral lies, forcible evictions, eminent domain, and baseball… the short of the story…is that basically the City of Los Angeles kicked out a huge group of Chicano Americans living self-sufficiently in the Chavez Ravine area…bulldozed their homes and promised to re-house them by building high rise public housing projects…"

Meanwhile, in the book Prismatic Metropolis: Inequality in Los Angeles, essayist Camille Zubrinsky Charles writes that immigrant status "significantly impacts the likelihood of homeownership" (Charles, 2002, p. 172). In fact slightly more than half of Caucasians in…...

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Works Cited

Acuna, Rodolfo. (1996). Anything but Mexican: Chicanos in Contemporary Los Angeles.

Chicago: Haymarket Books / Haymarket Series.

Charles, Camille Zubrinsky. (2002). Residential Segregation in Los Angeles. In L. Bobo (Ed.),

Prismatic Metropolis: Inequality in Los Angeles (pp. 167-180). New York: Russell Sage

Latino players in major league baseball. Specifically, it will concentrate on information about the players' struggles, fame, and fans.
LATINO BASEBALL PLAYES

Latinos playing professional baseball in the United States is nothing new. Puerto ican oberto Clemente, the first Latin American to enter baseball's Hall of Fame, began his major league career in 1954 with a Dodger farm team in Montreal, and there were others before him, but not many. "Thus far, Puerto ico had produced few major league players, and none of superstar caliber. Hiram Gabriel Bithorn had joined the Chicago Cubs in 1942 and pitched four seasons. Luis odriguez Olmo became a popular outfielder for the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1943, winding up his big league career in 1951 with the Boston Braves. But they were light-skinned Latins who had passed through the game's color bar" (Wagenheim 33).

The Latinos really started showing up in the big leagues in the 1980s,…...

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References

Partin, Clyde, et al. Encyclopedia of Ethnicity and Sports in the United States. Eds. Kirsch, George B., Othello Harris, and Claire E. Nolte. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2000. 1-39.

Pi-Gonzalez, Amaury. "2002 World Series: An International Affair." LatinoBaseball.com. 2002. 4 Dec. 2002.  http://www.latinobaseball.com/articles/index.php?section=Regular&articleid=90 

Felipe Alou Welcomed in San Francisco." LatinoBaseball.com. 2002. 4 Dec. 2002.  http://www.latinobaseball.com/articles/index.php?section=Feature&articleid=94 

Singer, Marc, et al. Encyclopedia of Ethnicity and Sports in the United States. Eds. Kirsch, George B., Othello Harris, and Claire E. Nolte. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2000. 40-81.

Latino community leaders want to achieve equality in the United States for Latino-Americans and immigrants, but they want to preserve their cultural uniqueness and traditions in the same way that other immigrant groups have done in America. hile the academic opportunities that are now open to Latinos in America are encouraging, and the career opportunities that are becoming available through alternative dispute resolution is helpful, Latinos are still struggling, as has every immigrant in American society, with maintaining their identity as a cultural group. Assimilation, Latino experts hold, is a good thing, but loss of cultural identity is not (119). So there remains an emphasis on helping the Latino community recognize and to celebrate its own identity.
orks Cited

http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=102099818

Contreras, Josefina M., Kathryn a. Kerns, and Angela M. Neal-Barnett, eds. Latino Children and Families in the United States: Current Research and Future Directions / . estport, CT: Praeger, 2002. Questia. 22…...

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Works Cited

 http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=102099818 

Contreras, Josefina M., Kathryn a. Kerns, and Angela M. Neal-Barnett, eds. Latino Children and Families in the United States: Current Research and Future Directions / . Westport, CT: Praeger, 2002. Questia. 22 Feb. 2009  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=102099820 .

A www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5020787821

Shaunessy, Elizabeth, et al. "Understanding the Experiences of Bilingual, Latino/a Adolescents: Voices from Gifted and General Education." Roeper Review 29.3 (2007): 174+. Questia. 22 Feb. 2009  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5020787821 .

273).
And Vela-Gude's article offers several of the main points of this paper's research; the services must be ready, and the counselors must be thoroughly informed and knowledgeable about the cultural implications as well as the academic realities facing those Latino students (2009).

Racism Against Latinos

This paper alludes to the high number of Latinos in California and Texas, but according to the Southern Poverty Law Center's research, the South is home to one of the "fastest growing populations of Latinos in the country" (Bauer, et al., 2009, p. 4). But though the typical Latino immigrant comes to the South to escape "crushing poverty in their home countries" they often encounter "…widespread hostility, discrimination and exploitation" (Bauer, 2009, p. 4).

hat kinds of discrimination do Latinos come up against in the South? Mary Bauer and her chief researcher, Sarah Reynolds, claim that Latinos are "…routinely cheated out of their earnings and denied basic…...

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Works Cited

Barneclo, Nick Anthony. (2008). El Laberinto del exito: A Mixed methods investigation of resilience within the context of Mexican-American late adolescents lives. Dissertation at New Mexico State University in Counseling Psychology. ProQuest Publication Number:

AAT 3349360.

Cannon, Edward, and Levy, Marielle. (2008). Substance-Using Hispanic Youth and Their

Families: Review of Engagement and Treatment Strategies. The Family Journal: Counseling

Relationships between Race and Justice in Immigration
Immigrations and Customs Enforcement (ICE) has seen a 43% rise in immigrations arrests since the Trump Administration took office in 2017 (Wamsley, 2017). This should not be surprising as it comes on the heels of a presidential campaign in which Trump promoted an anti-immigration agenda and identified illegal Latino immigrants as virtually enemy #1 of the American people. Using concepts of race, violence, and justice, Trump fostered an “America First” platform that sought to place the problems of the American community, economy, ethics and justice on the backs of Latinos in a way that made them seem remarkably like a scapegoat for the presidential hopeful. With Trump’s election, the campaign pledges became promises that would be kept. As the Associated Press reported in February 2018, “people arrested by deportation officers increasingly have no criminal backgrounds, according to figures released Friday, reflecting the Trump administration’s…...

Latino's In The Media
Latinos make up a large portion of the population of the United States. According to odriguez (1997) the rapidly increasing population of Latinos accounts not only for 17% of the people in the U.S., but also 20% of the 18-34 demographics that are the focus of marketing. Thus, it is a key target group in marketing. This ethnic group's dedication to movies and radio has surpassed that of any other group in America, whether racial or ethnic (Meehan and iordan, 2002). In terms of economic contribution, this group's buying power is expected to reach 1.6 trillion dollars by 2016, ranking it at number fourteen in the economies of the nations of the world, if it was a country on its own. Thus, they make up a large part of the economy. Nevertheless, as Disch (2009) and obb (2014) state the rate of their participation in the media…...

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References

Deggans, E. (September 2005). The Story behind Television's Latin Star Surge. Hispanic., Vol. 18 Issue 9, p22-24, 3p

Disch, E. (2009). Reconstructing gender: a multicultural anthology, 5th Ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education

Harwood, J., & Roy, A. (2005). "Social identity theory and mass communication research." In J. Harwood & H. Giles (Eds.), Intergroup Communication (pp. 189-211). New York, NY: Peter Lang.

Hollar, J. (Sep. 2012). Missing Latino Voices. Extra!; Vol. 25 Issue 9, p7-8, 2p

homosexual latinos: the difficulties latinos face in being homosexual; the differences between homosexual latinos and Caucasian homosexuals; how latino homosexuals are treated within their communities, by their families, and within their countries of origin; and how homosexual latinos are treated within Latin America as a whole.
People have argued that homosexuality is part of the latino culture, and has been since pre-Columbian time, as records from pottery, and accounts from conquistadors of the Aztecs' behavior confirms. As the following quote, from a website championing gay and lesbian rights, shows, "homosexuality is a part of the pre- Columbian history of America. Spanish chroniclers observed various socio-sexual roles, including private same-sex relationships, and homosexuality as public ritual. Surviving effigy pottery demonstrates that Native people practiced a wide array of sexual customs. Among the militaristic and prudish Aztecs, sex also had a religious aspect. Xochiquetzal was considered the goddess of eroticism and sexual…...

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Bibliography

Marsiglia (1998). Homosexuality and Latinos/as: Towards and Integration of Identities. Journal of Gay and lesbian Social Services 8(3): 113-125.   / AIDS among latinos: key facts." Accessed 26th November 2003.  http://www.ilga.org/Information/legal_survey/americas/brazil.htm " The International Lesbian and Gay Association: World Legal Survey. Brazil." Accessed 28th November 2003.  http://www.ilga.org/Information/legal_survey/americas/mexico.htm " The International Lesbian and Gay Association: World Legal Survey. Mexico." Accessed 28th November 2003. http://www.geocities.com/eltejanito/gaylhis.htm" Gay and Lesbian History, and "Dia de la Raza." Accessed 29th November 2003.  http://www.blacklightonline.com/gaylatinos.html " Gay Latinos, "La Raza" and the new "Familia." Article by Sidney Brinkley. Accessed on 27th November 2003.http://www.hivtest.org/docs/factslatino.pdf "HIV

Outline for an Essay on the Equal Representation of Voices in the Electoral Process

I. Introduction
A. Hook: Present a thought-provoking statistic or anecdote that highlights disparities in representation.
B. Thesis statement: Clearly state that not all voices are equally represented in the electoral process.

II. Historical Context and Systemic Barriers
A. History of voter suppression tactics: Discuss laws, policies, and practices that have historically prevented certain groups from voting.
B. Gerrymandering: Explain how redistricting can manipulate electoral outcomes to favor one party or group over another.
C. Voter ID laws: Analyze the impact of strict ID requirements on voter turnout, particularly among marginalized communities.

III. Contemporary Challenges....

Here are some options for essay musicals based on your description:

1. "Hamilton: An American Musical" - This musical is a historical essay that tells the story of Alexander Hamilton's life and his contributions to shaping the United States as a founding father.

2. "Dear Evan Hansen: A Contemporary Musical" - This musical explores themes of mental health and social media in a modern setting, making it a persuasive and thought-provoking essay musical.

3. "Les Misérables: A Literary Musical" - Based on the classic novel by Victor Hugo, "Les Misérables" is a research-based musical that delves into themes of justice, redemption, and revolution.

4.....

Historical Arguments:

For the Death Penalty:

Ancient civilizations (e.g., Egypt, Greece, Rome) used capital punishment for severe crimes to deter crime and maintain societal order.
In the Middle Ages, the death penalty was commonly applied for a range of offenses, including treason, murder, and heresy.
Colonization and early American jurisprudence heavily influenced by European traditions, resulting in the adoption of capital punishment for various crimes.

Against the Death Penalty:

Enlightenment thinkers like Cesare Beccaria argued against capital punishment, emphasizing its potential for injustice and its ineffective deterrent value.
The 18th and 19th centuries witnessed a gradual decline in the use of the....

Emotional Response to Beneficial Laws Protecting Minority Groups

Introduction:

Laws play a crucial role in shaping societal norms and fostering a sense of equity and justice for all citizens. When laws are enacted to protect minority groups from discrimination and inequality, they can evoke strong emotional responses from both beneficiaries and opponents. This essay explores studies that investigate the emotional impact of beneficial laws on minority groups.

Positive Emotional Responses:

Gratitude and Hope: Studies have shown that members of minority groups who benefit from protective laws often experience feelings of gratitude and hope. These laws provide a sense of validation and recognition, fostering....