Logic Essays (Examples)

Logic Model
Table for Logic Model of MPA Program

INPUTS

- Tuition

- Educational Funds

- Grades

Papers, assignments, projects

College resources, dorms, businesses, bookstores

ACTIVITIES

- Classes

Social relationships

- Academic Exchange

OUTPUTS

- Graduation

- Essays, papers, projects

- New theories of behavior and knowledge

- Teachers get paid, students learn, college makes money

- Waste and free time

New theories of learning

- Aligning students and teachers with proper academic techniques and methods

Community building

- Even distribution of resources between citizens

Public good over the right of the individual's choice of freedom

Why are each of these components valuable?

A useful and complete logic model should paint and describe an image of how a specfic effort or initiative is supposed to pan out. This model explains why a chosen strategy is a good solution to the problem or not. A deep and effective logic models creates…

These arguments differ based on the amount of information on which they are founded.
5)

Extensive definitions identify collections of objects/concepts to which the word applies: "Bears, sheep, rats, and humans are all mammals." An ostensive definition occurs in gesture, providing the same example set but with total ambiguity: "That, that, and that are all mammals." A quasi-ostensive definition adds description to the definition, but ambiguity is still retained: "These hair-covered creatures who give birth live are mammals."

Journal

I learned a fair amount about how to examine arguments from the lessons this week. I already pay a fair amount of attention to the news, but reexamining stories that I had already developed an awareness of utilizing the concepts of logic from the reading led me to new understandings. The global warming debate, for example, is highly politically charged, with each side accusing the other of using false or empty…

Logic
Gay Marriage

Gay marriage has become a prominent issue in American politics and society in recent years. DADT (Don't Ask Don't Tell), states legalizing gay marriage (and those who did not) and legal challenges brought by the LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender) community have pushed this issue into the forefront. But as some would agree, the right of gays and lesbians to marry is an idea whose time has come. For years we've been sideling the issue of gay rights, with DADT, we told gays and lesbians in the military to hide who they are and not to openly discuss their relationships. Hundreds of men and women who have served our country well have been discharged from the military because the government doesn't approve of who they love. In churches across the country, it is preached that being gay is a sin, that homosexuality is something that people…

Teenagers, in deciding to choose oral sex versus "regular" sex, thought about not only the health consequences of oral sex in terms of their susceptibility to acquire sexually-transmitted infection or HIV / AIDS, but they also took into consideration that the cost of subsisting to oral sex is much, much lower than regular sex. This decision, of course, owes to the fact that there is a lesser chance for teenagers to be infected sexually, which could incur unexpected expenses (cost of doctor consultation, tests, and medicines, among others).
Choosing one's date or partner in life is also determined to be the work of economic decisions, particularly driven by the game theory. As the author pointed out, one's tendency to date a particular 'type' of individual (i.e., short, tall overweight, attractive, etc.) is dependent on the availability of these types during the event wherein one has to make an economic decision…

Logic Test
Answer ALL the following questions. All the questions in this Assignment are multiple choice. For each question, exactly one of the several possible answers is correct. Tick just one.

If you think that the following discourse contains no argument, tick (f) below. If you think it does contain an argument that involves no fallacy, tick (e). If you think that the discourse contains an argument that involves a fallacy, which of (a), (b), (c) or (d) might reasonably be construed as the fallacy in this argument?

Pass is not Fail, so it should be a good mark.

(a) Ambiguity of scopes

(b) Black and White

(c) Inappropriate Standards

(d) Ad ignorantiam

(e) No fallacy

(f) No argument

Question 2.

If you think that the following discourse contains no argument, tick (f) below. If you think it does contain an argument that involves no fallacy, tick (e). If you…

The creation of specific truth table designs and the application of literature-based methods for measuring and assessing randomness (again, using various designs and definitions for randomness) would need to occur to measure randomness effectively, and many different iterations and combinations of such tests would need to be completed in order to deliver detailed and meaningful results. Though time consuming, this research (like the review outlined above) would be minimally resource-intensive, requiring only access to appropriate literature and a computer with the software necessary to run truth table simulations.
Digital Conditions

Just as computers and digital media have opened new avenues (and presented new limitations) for truth tables, logic has hugely impacted and been impacted by digitization. Conditional mechanisms such as conditional-sum addition present new topics and agents in logical formulation, and other similar innovations are also emerging. Research analyzing a particular class of such digital logical outgrowths could take place…

In fact, the author acknowledges that, even if the United States is unable to prove that foreign countries aided Al Qaeda in the 9-11 attacks, that does not disprove their involvement. Therefore, one of the central premises, that foreign countries can be deterred from assisting terrorists, is extremely weak.
The author's third premise is that the terrorists lack the method to deliver a weapon of mass destruction. This is actually the author's best supported premise. In order to support the idea, the author discusses the problems in delivering all three types of weapons. The author again points to the Tokyo subway attack to show the difficulty in distributing chemical weapons. However, the author relies on more unqualified premises to support this portion of the argument, such as the idea that germs are "hard to spread satisfactorily" ("The Terror Next Time"). Without any support for this statement, the audience is unable…

Logic of Sentencing Criminals
Humanity has always dealt with the problems related to crimes committed against both individuals and the public. Philosophers, judges, lawyers, public figures, government officials, and corrections institutions have proposed many forms of punishments or treatments to deter public and individual crimes in a given society. These punishments and treatments have built upon the past theories and ideas and also responded to the needs and interests of the given time or a society. In America today, there are four basic philosophical reasons for sentencing and six commonly known forms of punishment. When discussing the reasoning for sentencing and the forms of punishment, Americans offer one form of punishment or another depending on one's personal views and understandings. Some prefer severe punishments for the purposes of retribution and deterrence, while others specifically focus on rehabilitation. For the purpose of reducing recidivism, however, it is important to strike a…

Of course, the studious scholar might point out that nearly every document produced since the time of Shakespeare must have been influenced by the writer because of the sheer number of vocabulary words he created, but the focus of this essay is literary references and influences (the Language).
In Alice's Adventures in onderland, evidence of Shakespeare's influence is most noteworthy in Carroll's use of the themes of foolery, communication problems, and identity as it relates to power. Yet, if a grander source of influence outside Shakespeare could account for the text better than Shakespeare, Bloom's theory would be debased.

Of course, a larger sources of influence on Carroll's works has already been determined, the influence that came from within himself, his own vocation. I contend that although Shakespeare may have influenced Alice's Adventures in onderland, the principles of mathematical and logical reasoning are a grander source of influence on Carroll's…

deal size by customer
Sales

Order cycle time

Order cycle times reduction of 65% or more recorded with mftrs contacted

Cost of Sales

Days Sales Outstanding reduction from 60 to 29 days on average

Cross-sell and up-sell revenue

Increase of 33% on aggregate

Average sales price per order

Increase from 9% to 26%

Quote and Order

Average costs to complete an order

95% reduction in cost per order

Special Pricing equests

Over 100% OI on automating Special Pricing equests

Bad or incomplete orders

Incomplete order reductions of 20%

Customer Service

Number of customer complaints

98% reduction in cost of simple requests

evenue lost to churn

60% when cross-selling is used with quote-to-order

Number of calls on order status

Median level of 500 per week to 70

Warranty and eturns

eduction in warranty cost on customized products

10% reduction at a minimum

Labor cost reductions

Decrease order re-work from 15% to…

hen a student violates one of the clearly defined rules the adult will "apply consequences consistently and in a warm, assertive, firm voice using four steps: State the behavior, state the violated rule, state the unified consequence, and offer encouragement to prevent future violations " (Algozzine, et. al., 2001). The Unified Discipline approach focuses on negative consequence, but forgets one important step of the learning process. Positive reinforcement for good behaviors must be included in the theoretical models as well as punishers for negative behaviors. This is one of the key shortcomings of the Unified Discipline approach.
ith the Unified Discipline approach and the EBS approach, the student has no choice or input into the desired behaviors or the outcomes. They are subject to rules that are forced upon them from their external environment. They may oppose the rules themselves and may not be motivated to follow the rules as…

, 2005, unning quickbook in nonprofits, CPA911 Publishing
Stolovitch, H.D., Pershing, J.A., Keeps, E.J., 2006, Handbook of human performance technology: principles, practices and potential, 3rd edition, John Wiley and Sons

Fuzzy Logic-Based Control of Manufacturing Processes
Enormous advances in technology have made everyday life much easier. New developments within control systems have allowed for greater empowerment for individual devices, which often takes the burden off of the user. Among the many new technologies based on artificial intelligence, Fuzzy Logic Control System is the most popular and most applicable system. Almost in all domains, Fuzzy logic has a broad application area. It is safe to say that we can replace all control-based systems by Fuzzy Logic Control System. FCLS can be used in a great variety of commercial and industrial applications, showing its strength and prominence as a new technology prompt for future innovation.

Fuzzy Logic is a principle within artificial intelligence that is based primarily off the notion of logical reasoning that humans use daily in the context of the normal everyday lives. There are a number of instances where…

Dominant Logic
DOMANT LOGIC

It is not a simple task to understand "Dominant Logic." Dominant logic is pertinent to how an organization works to earn profit.

The article "Evolving to a new dominant logic of marketing" (Vargo & Lusch, 2004) explains how the employees develop their thinking ability and try to adjust to the latest dominant logic of their organization. This indicates that now-a-days organizations are adopting diversified and divergent outlook to the marketing function of their company.

Operand resources and Operant resources

The understanding of the difference between the operant and operand resources is very important in order to completely understand the concept of Dominant Logic.

The factors of production are a clear example of the Operand resources. Operand resources are the resources on which operation is conducted with the intention to produce a desired result. Operand resources are invisible and intangible. They are dynamic and infinite. Skills and…

First the process of co-creation will be defined, followed several examples of successful co-creations of the customer experience.
5. Customer experience is the brand and co-creation is the process

A firm that migrates to a service-dominant logic will move from selling a commodity to co-creating the customer's experiences. If you utilize the brand definition in the introduction portion of this paper -- a brand is the summation of a customer's interactions with a firm and their products and services - one must come to the conclusion that building a customer experience equates to building a brand (Prahalad, 2004). The job of a marketer becomes one creating positive encounters; encounters which influence the customer's ability, willingness and opportunities to co-create with firm. (Payne, 2009).

The process of co-creation is evolving. In 2004,Prahalad and Ramaswamy, describe the building blocks of interactions. To co-create, a firm needed to facilitate dialogues, create access to…

Production of Value using SDL:
Service-dominant logic is a mindset or model that has emerged as the world continue to be increasingly interconnected and turbulent. This logic emphasizes on the relations of the producer and consumer as well as other partners in the supply and value network in their co-production of value through collaborative procedures. The logic is driven by an intrinsic purpose of carrying out an activity with other parties making it to be customer-centered and responsive. Actually, service-dominant logic considers service as the application of knowledge through actions, procedures, and performances for the advantage of the entity itself or another entity. Therefore, the concept leverages the strengths of the company to meet the needs of customers and accomplish both organizational and societal objectives (Lusch & Vargo, n.d.). Consequently, is generates competitive advantage and long-term customer loyalty through aligning the firm's capabilities with the needs of customers.

Co-production in…

Eventually, I realized not simply that teachers are human -- that they go to the bathroom, and function in all the ways 'normal' adults do -- but I later learned, from discussing the matter with my fellow classmates that most of them felt Mrs. X had been particularly cruel as a grade school teacher. I also learned that most of the students from the class felt that she had not been particularly cruel towards myself -- all of them felt particularly persecuted during her reign!

Critical thinking is objective. However, the perceptions of a child, and even of a more mature student seldom have this objective perspective in the classroom. Also, one is always dealing with imperfect information, as one does not know about what is going on in the life of the teacher as well as one's own life. Later, I heard Mrs. X had been suffering a particularly…

For instance, acceptance of physical defeat will render the opponent victorious but with mild understanding of the ideological approaches taken. Moreover, the U.S. should capitalize on stating its ideology stand grounds so that any attack based on it will reserve retaliation. This will help the nation to be always upfront in cases of physical war (Wing, 2007).
Q2

The battle of ideas is more valuable than military and law enforcement aspects. The battle of ideas is a more critical aspect of war than any other battle. Differences in ideas have often been the reason behind any war, attacks, and plans for war in any nation all over the world. This means that ideological satisfaction among the raging groups will result in calm, and avoidance of any other war be it physical or of any other form. The war between the U.S. And Islamic terrorists culminated due to ideological differences in…

ene Descartes wrote "I think therefore I am," philosophers have considered the meaning, origin, and function of cognitive thought (Newman, 2014). Thinking in itself appears to be proof of one's own existence. Self-consciousness -- the awareness that one is thinking -- offers indelible proof of a higher order of thought. Yet paradoxically, thoughts also seem to arise seemingly unbidden from the recesses of the mind. The sources of thought have been attributed to everything from God to nothingness (Hauser, 2009). Moreover, the sources of individualized thought processes are related to socialization and acculturation as well as to innate sensations and belief systems. There are some trends of human cognition that may be universal, and others that are instilled through social norms.
Understanding the ways thought processes work is one of the most important aspects of being human. "Thinking is the extraordinary process we use every waking moment to make sense…

Response to Karl Popper’s The Logic of Scientific Discovery How the Reading Has Affected What I Believe about the Nature of Science and What It Can Tell Us about the World
Popper (2005) rejects the notion that inductive reasoning can lead to the identification of universals, and he uses the white swan as an example: “no matter how many instances of white swans we may have observed, this does not justify the conclusion that all swans are white” (p. 4)—no, and nor should it. However, one could legitimately analyze the swan still further, identify its species and thus conclude that this species of swan is always going to be white. White is one of the characteristics of this type of swan—so why should it not be viewed as a universal characteristic of this specific species? Popper’s approach to the nature of science is rooted in the empirical analysis—in deduction rather…

Public Program Quality Evaluation
Overview of the Program and the Program ationale

In 2011, approximately 23% of all children in the United States were children of immigrants. Many of these children have come from countries where the educational systems have not prepared them with competitive skills that will support a good standard of living. Various policies to address this issue have been proposed. Of the feasible options, the policy most likely to achieve popular approval is the provision of preschool education to all low-immigrant children. In part, the basis for this support is the historical national approval of programs such as Head Start. ecently, the nation has seen an upswing in state-funded pre-K programs that focus on preparing low-income 4-year-old children for kindergarten and elementary school. Head Start programs continue in a parallel manner, and necessarily so, as only a handful of states offer pubic school-based pre-K programs to all…

This means that, according to ittgenstein, math performs like language, or perhaps more simply language performs like math. There are certain established rules, both of grammar and of meaning, that allow language to be useful as long as statements are true, and anything that is not true or that cannot be spoken of using language (i.e. It does not fit into a logical system) must be discarded (Stanford, sec. 2.4). Mathematics and language are the same thing, then, simply with a different set of representational symbols.
The implications that these statements have on computer science should be fairly obvious. Though humans are capable of creating language, or at least of agreeing on new representational symbols, computers are (as yet) unable to take a creative hand in language development themselves. Far from calling into question the veracity of ittgenstein's claims in relation to mathematics, the practice of computer science shows them…

low income housing for Habitat for Humanity came from a Christian community named Koinonia Farm. The Farm was located near Americus, Georgia, founded in 1942, and the leader of the small Christian society was a bible scholar, Clarence Jordan. Those living at the Farm were of all backgrounds and races of people that needed affordable housing. The concept to work together through 'partnership housing' or voluntarily assisting in the construction of decent housing for people in need of good homes was planted. The Millard and Linda Fuller became acquainted with Jordan after leaving a very successful business and an "affluent lifestyle" in Montgomery, Alabama (NLIHC, 2004). Millard and Linda Fuller worked to establish Habitat for Humanity along with Jordan in 1976.
What type of subjects does it work with?

The main subject area is community housing for the poor or low income family. Therefore the subject is humanities and the…

Constructing high quality arguments is an art, and requires practice and mental training. We need to learn how to think differently, reacting less with our emotions and more with patient logic. We also learn how to break down a complex issue into its constituent components, which helps us appreciate ambiguity and the value of being open-minded. Understanding the tools of effective argumentation is important for maintaining healthy interpersonal relationships in all realms of life, both in personal and professional settings. Being an effective communicator depends most of all on strong active listening skills. Good argumentation in turn requires the willingness and ability to listen—to give others the benefit of the doubt. The principle of charitable listening is crucial for having a reasonable debate about any subject. As soon as we write off what the other person says based on our own biases and assumptions, we fail to recognize that there…

These rules can also however restrict the critical and creative aspect that is necessary for growth. This is so because they restrict any new information that may lead to what is perceived as chaos.
Traditions play the same role. They are established in order to maintain a certain status quo for the purpose of organizational unity. However, an excess of such unity can also mean that no new thought is available or stimulated to create new growth for the future.

Cultural blocks is an important perceptual block that can often lead to prejudice or ostracization from a group. A cultural block requires conformity to the accepted ways of thinking and acting within a cultural group. Daring to differ from these established traditions often result in a sense of discomfort for the individual. Cultural blocks often lead to prejudice against those that do not look, act, or think according to the…

When staff was asked for the reasons why they were quitting one of the responses was that EL's crisis management style was insufficient, better opportunities for career advancement, and that the "chain of command" was also great reason for unrest within the organization. These are all additional reasons that can lead to a lack of motivation in an organization; if an employee feels that there is no one to turn to, that there are no opportunities for advancement, and that the hierarchy does not communicate with them will give the employee reasons to be unsatisfied.

Additional problems in an organization that may be reasons for motivational problems found in EL include the inability of employees to see the finished product. Each department has their job, once their job has been completed, it is possible that the project is then transferred to another building to have other aspects of the project…

Vin Logic Simulation
Lessons Learned and Insights Gained from the VinLogic Simulation Model

The intent of this analysis is to provide an overview of lessons learned in the areas of operations management, specifically in the areas of transportation and delivery as a result of viewing and studying the VinLogic Simulation Model. The VinLogic Model is predicated on the concepts of the supply chain optimization and modeling, a patented series of technologies created by Simulation Dynamics (Vinlogic, 2011).

Lessons Learned in Transportation and Delivery

At its most fundamental level, the VinLogic Simulation Model is highly effective in illustrating, both from a graphical and workforce perspective, how constraint-based modeling and optimization techniques can increase logistics, transportation and delivery performance. The examples show are easily interpreted across national and global logistics and supply chains, illustrates how delays, production schedules and supply chain contingencies all act as constraints on the broader optimization model. By…

Deductive and Inductive Theory Construction
There has been much controversy regarding feminism during recent decades and even though the contemporary society has reached a particularly advanced level when considering the idea of civilization, gender discrimination continues to occur in some areas. One's location is likely to be an important factor in making the respective individual more or less of a feminist. Geographic locations are thus essential in shaping a person's character and his or her determination to become a feminist. I believe that it is very likely for feminism to depend on factors such as geographic location, taking into account that many cultures are hesitant about accepting feminist ideas and some are even likely to use harsh criticism as a means to control or even to eradicate these respective ideas.

My theory is going to attempt to confirm the fact that geographic location can play an important role in making…

The ability of companies to attain a high level of knowedlge sharing, in effect becoming knowledge generation networks, is well-known in the areas of auto manufacturing, specifically at Toyota (Dyer, Nobeoka, 2000). Simulations such as these show the potential to predict if and when a company will attain this level of process and knowledge sharing performance.
Assessing the Pros and Cons of Simulations as Learning Platforms

The primary strength of constraint-based models is their ability to interpret many potentially conflicting constraints and still arrive at an optimal solution for logistics and transportation management initiatives and programs. This simulation also illustrates how the trade-offs inherent in the constraints have a major impact on the overall profitability of a company over time. Another aspect of this simulation showed how a bottleneck at any one point can cost tens of thousands or even millions in lost sales and inventory carrying costs. Finally, the…

passion for the project, natural curiosity, well-founded skepticism, and a good memory. Possessing all of these can actually aid in the ability to have more effective research. The passion will encourage the researcher to explore more thoroughly than one who is not passionate or interested. He will make use of the resources available to him -- such as the university library or the online databases where relevant literature is stored. His curiosity will prompt him to ask questions that others might not think to ask. Skepticism allows the researcher to distrust results and work to make sure they are conclusive, and memory helps to connect the dots of data and findings so that a clear picture can emerge (Holton, Swanson, 2005).
Another good practice is to have a good research design. A good design will serve as a quality frame that helps to keep the study together, whereas a poor…

Social Security
Summarized Goals 1-5: Fundamental improvements in platform cybersecurity; website UI and UX; easier access to accurate and comprehensive information by phone or through digital portals; increased emphasis on beneficiary-centric information; communication and services; and improved customer service on all channels.

INPUTS

ACTIVITIES

What SS Invests

What SS Does

Who SS Reaches

Short-term Results

Intermediate Results

Long-term Results

Accurate data and relevant information

Timely delivery of information (currently constrained by the evolution of technology platforms and website build-out)

Safeguards against fraud

Provides timely, accurate information to the beneficiaries and others

Protects the database from cybercrime and digital data breaches

Provide benefits according to the legal parameters and calculations to those who qualify

To establish access to data and information via several secure channels (mail, physical offices, phone, and online)

Beneficiaries who are of full retirement age (FRA)

Beneficiaries who are retiring early

Veterans who are beneficiaries

Widows and widowers…

Assignment 1 Abductive reasoning offers the most likely explanation, which may not necessarily be true. Applying rigorous standards of proof helps to show why the simplest or most likely explanation may be the best one at the time, but that more information is needed before the truth is verifiable. Any situation that cannot be immediately explained, from seeming coincidences to the perception of supernatural events, can be attributed to false causes.
One example is the crop circle phenomenon. Crop circles apparently “appear mysteriously overnight in farmers’ fields,” (Radford, 2017). The majority of crop circles were occurring in England, but there have been reports of crop circles elsewhere. Crop circles have been reported for centuries, and have been attributed to aliens. Another presumed cause of the crop circles is the presence of special energy vortexes or patterns known as “ley lines,” which direct wind patterns in a way that creates the…

Logic and Biological Explanations of Human Behavior
What are the logic or biological explanations of human behavior? Why do sociologists argue that they are misguided/

Logical explanations of human behavior are common enough. For instance, in the society, it is always believed that it is natural for a woman and a man to fall in love, be married, and start a family. Equally, it is natural for this nuclear family to exist as a unit, with the parents going to work to provide for their children. The wife also devotes some of her time to looking after the kids and being a mother. As the family grows and becomes more independent, it is only logical for the kids to live at home with their parents at least until their late teen years. By this time, it is only logical for them to leave their parents' home and want to make…

homosexuals can be 'married' is absurd, since marriage is, by definition, a union between a man and a woman."
Appeal to Ignorance: "All of us who study the origin of life find that the more we look into it, the more we feel it is too complex to have evolved anywhere. We all believe, as an article of faith, that life evolved from dead matter on this planet. It is just that its complexity is so great, it is hard for us to imagine that it did."

Adhomenen: "I think any [philosophy] book directly supported by NAMLA should not be available to the public by any means. [because] First off, NAMLA was involved with funding an orphanage in Thailand that allowed grown men to rape and molest the children who lived there. NAMLA was also found guilty of supplying "preparation and purpose" to a man accused of raping a child…

Logic Model
The author of this report has been asked to offer a brief report. The main focus of the report will be a logic model that is presented in the appendix of this report and will be discussed throughout the narrative of the same. Prior to that, however, there will be a section dedicated to the organization and operation that will employ the use of this logic model in terms of its direction, actions and priorities. The general focus of the organization will be covered as well as the location and the general manner in which the organization operations and functions. Subsequent to that, there will be a focus on how the logic model is going to be applied to this situation. Further, there will be a discussion of the situation, priorities and inputs for the same. While the task at hand may seem daunting, the work of the…

ewarding Work: How to estore Participating and Self-Support to Free Enterprise (Harvard University Press, 197), economist Edmund Phelps offers this plan to help the working poor: apply tax credits for "qualified employers" or hire disadvantaged people for "eligible jobs." Evaluate this plan in terms of market incentives, one of the ten principles of economics, to work and current welfare programs. Is the Phelps' plan an improvement over current government policies? Discuss.
Lowering a company's tax bill will generally always be effective in causing them to invest more money in expanding which usually means more hiring. However, it is not a panacea, as the recent economic incentives have proven. As of late, firms have received a number of tax cuts but there has also been the passing of the Dodd Frank financial reform bill as well as ObamaCare, both of which (ObamaCare in particular) is clearly making employers cool to hire…

superheroes in comic books and movies. The writer apparently is fixated on Marvel Comics' Wolverine character because he blasts all other comic books and raves about Marvel and the Wolverine character plus another Marvel feature, X-Men. His conclusion is that spending money on any action movie -- or "summer blockbuster" -- other than the Wolverine or X-Men is wasteful. His basic theme throughout his presentation is that all action figures in comics and in movies pale in comparison to his favorite, Marvel (the Wolverine and X-Men).
What are the reasons?

The reasons that this writer raves about the Wolverine and other Marvel characters is that if his cousin Vinnie says the Marvel Comics characters are by far the best, it must be true. Of course his justification for taking the positions he takes is loaded with hyperbole but his reasons are clearly to make it known his favorite action comic…

epic book "The epublic" by Plato. Specifically it will discuss the "Allegory of the Cave" contained in the book and relate it to the background logic you brought to this class and establish whether or not this class has affected your background logic. If so how, and if not, why not? The allegory of the cave may be Plato's most famous allegory from his work "The epublic" and it is still a viable source of logic in today's world. However, I do not agree with all of Plato's logic, and my logic has not changed since taking this class -- in fact, the class has simply helped cement my own background logic in my mind even further.
After reading "The Allegory of the Cave" and attempting to understand Plato's logic and philosophy, I feel my background logic seems intact. Before I enrolled in this class, my logic was basically "If…

logical errors one may make as discussed in Part Five of the book (1200-1500 words). nclude in this paper precise definitions and your own example of the following logical errors: undistributed middle, begging the question, straw man, abusing tradition, democratic fallacy, ad hominem, uses and abuses of expertise, red herring, inability to disprove does not prove, false dilemma, and simplistic thinking,
The book Being Logical: A guide to Good Thinking (Random House, New York, 2004, pp.131) was authored by D. Q Mcnerny, a professor of logic to student s at Notre Dame, the University of Kentucky, and Our Lady of Guadalupe Seminary. The author has written three previous textbooks on philosophy. This is his first book on logic, but as he writes, logic undergirds all thinking and goes to the core of what we mean by human intelligence.

Logic is the basis of all human thinking. t can be seen…

The problem in having a firm grasp of critical thought is that it can be clouded by many different distractions and affected by variables outside of controllable circumstances. One of these factors is cognitive development. It is evident that cognitive development as a strong overall impact on the development of critical thinking. Genetics plays a strong role within cognitive development, as individuals are all born with differing genetic levels of comprehension and thus some people will have better critical thinking abilities purely based on their genes. The circumstances that an individual grows up in also have a profound effect on their critical thinking abilities and process. This is because as an individual grows up they can form differing opinions and stigmas that are taught both explicitly and implicitly through cultural doctrine, social convention, as well as education in both informal settings such as at home as well as formal settings…

(Eljamal; Stark; Arnold; Sharp, 1999)
To conclude, it be said that if we will not be able to master imparting the capability to think in a developed form, our profession, as well as perhaps our world, would be influenced and taken over by someone who would be able to outsmart us to find it out. We would in that case not only remain thinking as to what happened but would also not have the skills required to provide answers to our own question.

eferences

Braun, N.M. (2004, March/April) Critical thinking in the business curriculum. Journal of Education for Business, 79(4). etrieved from ProQuest database on February 20, 2007.

Carroll-Johnson, .M. (2001, April - June). Learning to think. Nursing Diagnosis, 12(2).

etrieved from Thomson Gale database on February 14, 2007.

Cheung, C., udowicz, E., Kwan, a.S.F., & Yue, X.D. (2002, December). Assessing university students general and specific critical thinking. College Student…

And also, his conclusion is that "all technologies" designed to help advertising "will tend to push social evolution in this direction," e.g., in the direction of dominating citizens. Doesn't it seem possible that there are a few people in advertising who have no interest in dominating people's minds, but just want to make a living creating clever advertising to sell kites, and toothpaste, and English muffins?
In this regard, Mander is using a "hasty generalization"; that is, making an inductive generalization "that draws a conclusion about all members of a group from evidence that pertains to a select few" (Hurley, 142). But wait, Mander hasn't even shown any evidence; he just fires with both barrels and makes a "false cause" (a fallacy based on a phantom link between his premises and conclusions) (Hurley, 143).

Before launching into his four arguments, Mander asks readers to believe (47) that the four are…

forming judgments, and the development of sound, persuasive arguments. Inquiry helps eliminate first impressions, preconceived notions and biases through a process of investigation of issues. The investigation itself could be either an inquiry into facts or an inquiry into opinions. Given the widespread availability of information, a key aspect to conducting inquiry is the ability to be realistic about how final the answers are likely to be. One good way to determine this is to evaluate when the evidence is sufficient to permit the making of a judgment with certainty or if the evidence gathered is enough to demonstrate that one view of the issue being investigated has the force of probability. Points that need to be borne in mind while forming judgments include the need to distinguish between: typical and atypical personal experiences; the person and the idea; what is said and how it is said; why…

Furthermore, the nature and types of value, such as morals, aesthetics, religion, and metaphysics are the core focal areas for this study. In other words, this field of study is related to ethics and aesthetics. Since all the human beings are different in terms of their backgrounds, thus they even think differently from one another and axiology is the science that examines and analyzes the thinking patterns of the diverse people (Ornstein, Levine, Gutek & Vocke, 2010).
This hypothetical study of values is also vital in education because it promotes the learning of moral rules, principles, ethics and values; hence it leads the individual to gain knowledge related to the good deeds and actions. With the study of axiology, the individual would become cognizant of what is right and wrong, good or bad, ethical and unethical (Ornstein, Levine, Gutek & Vocke, 2010).

Logic is considered the fourth subdivision of philosophy…

To elaborate, he used his 'transistor' to build logic circuits that program each cell's behavior. For instance, he was able to tell a cell to change color in the presence of both a specified two enzymes. Remarked Kleem (online): "Endy envisions plant-based environmental monitors, programmed tissues and even medical devices that "make Fantastic Voyage come true," (Kleem, 04.02.13).
In the first (grainy) image below, Endy's DNA "buffer gates" flash different colors according to their situation. In the image below that, we have a string of DNA -- we see the code of the a's, C's, T's and G's -- that has been programmed by synthetic biologist Eric Winfree of the California Institute of Technology --.

(Excerpted from Keim, B Computers Made Out of DNA, lime and Other trange tuff

Wired. http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2013/04/strange-computers/?pid=6598&viewall=true)

Timothy Lu, a researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, is taking this idea further by building cellular computers…

During the critical thinking process the thinker will use all of these components, evaluating the implications and consequences of each, until they reach a satisfactory answer.
In order to reach a conclusion using critical thinking, one must hold off making judgment until all available facts are given and fully evaluated. However, the very nature of the critical thinking process means that there is no end to the critical thinking process. Although one may end at a conclusion, this conclusion is only tentative based on the evidence used in the evaluation that led to that particular conclusion. However, a conclusion is always subject to new information and evidence, thus the critical thinking process goes on.

Each of will employ the methods of critical thinking on a regular basis. Often times we find ourselves using critical thinking when we are presented with a situation where our perception of reality is far from…

He individually abuses the essayist in the following manner: "Even a city slicker should be able to see why dogs belong in pickup trucks," whilst pronouncing Humane Rights individuals to be "bleeding heart[s]"
He is also not addressing the point of the article, which was not to maintain that animals should not be riding in trucks but should rather be restrained from falling out. In this manner he is committing Ignorati Elenchi (an irrelevant conclusion) where he is reading an inappropriate conclusion to the argument. Furthermore, he is appealing to pity ("All dogs love riding out in the air. They need room to jump around") rather than to logic.

And in summary form, this is not an argument: the writer is simply emoting and presenting his opinion in an impassioned aggressive manner.

This type of letter might appeal to a particular "hard-working citizen" (possibly overwhelmed with the problems of trying…

Finally, logic consists of the study of formal argument and is fundamentally related to other branches of philosophy and to the process of human reason, more generally.
he metaphysician might study such things as where the lines are properly drawn between identifying something as living or nonliving, whether our perception of being alive necessarily means that we are alive, and whether or not we can trust that we are awake and not merely dreaming that we are awake (aylor, 2002). he epistemologist might study whether (and how) one can know whether our assumptions and perceptions are capable of yielding information on the basis of which any conclusions can be drawn at all. he epistemologist would be concerned with how we know what we know and with what we can possibly know, whereas the metaphysician would be concerned with understanding the nature of what we perceive around us (aylor, 2002).

Axiologists…

By connecting the awarding of a peace prize with the concerns of a world in which terrorism has become a constant threat, Obama makes clear the exigency of his message when he says: "I do not bring with me today a definitive solution to the problems of war."
Nobel laureates are given few formal constraints in terms of their responses but Obama faced the more general constraints of trying to meet very high expectations and the conflicting expectations of the peoples of different nations. I believe that he did a good -- though not perfect -- job in meeting these differing expectations, and so crafted a speech that served as a fitting response to the occasion.

Whether or not one believes that Obama achieved the Aristotelian concept of ethos -- the ability to make a credible ethical appeal -- depends probably more on one's own politics than the speech itself.…

The mathematician's goal might be to determine the angle of a triangle; the painter's goal might be to assault the viewer's eye with a distorted or 'wrong' proportion or using an impossible perspective. In other words, the criterion depends on the desired result of the project and the type of literal or figurative knowledge one wishes to convey. Neither system of knowledge is better, merely different, with different criteria or goals.
Elgin's statement of reflective equilibrium acknowledges human beings have many different goals in knowing something is true or right. Sometimes our goal is to make something practical, as when seeking knowledge in a scientific truth. Other times it is to reconcile two different moral ideas from two different systems. Other times it might be to create art. Elgin is not a relativist, a charge that might be leveled at her words by some foundationalists. She states that one needs…

Deductive Logic and Theory Building
Theory

Poverty is often a significant element influencing individuals to take on a life of crime, taking into account that organized crime leaders tend to recruit their subordinates from underprivileged environments. Poor persons have lesser options in comparison to others and gradually come to consider that committing criminal acts is the only solution they have in order to survive. From the perspective of organized crime leaders poor areas are thus perfect recruitment spots. There is a complex relationship between poverty and organized crime and by analyzing a series of organized crime communities from around the world one is likely to observe that many tend to focus on recruiting underprivileged individuals.

hat the theory will address

hen considering the idea of organized crime, one needs to gain a better understanding of why people resort to joining such groups in order to understand their dynamics. Many organized…

and, through the scientific study of modern, cognitive science, the idea that 'I' am doing the thinking in a way that is separate from my body and that this can be rationally deducted, simply by thinking and without scientific experimentation would be confounded.
However, those using empiricism as their main philosophical view of the world have also been able to twist the empiricism to use science's supposed rationalism and objectivity to justify tyranny of 'the best,' as in the case of eugenics, and the notion of 'survival of the fittest,' which suggests that the 'best' (morally, racially, and ethically) thrive and should be allowed to triumph over the 'weak.' In reality, Darwin's actual theory merely supports the idea that those best suited to an environment survive, not that survivors are innately better or superior creatures (a mutated moth that can blend in with a coal-blackened environment is not 'better' than…

Neo-liberal policy theories are best understood when delineating Williamson's (1990) "Washington's Consensus" that first introduced and pioneered the concept.

Williamson sought to transfer control of the economy from the public to the private sector believing that this would improve the economic health of the nation and make for a more efficient government. His 10 points included the recommendations that: tax reform would encourage innovation and efficiency; that by governments running large deficits they were, potentially, ruining themselves; that public spending should be redirected to more humane systems such as pro-growth and pro-poor services; that there should b trade liberalization policies as well as encouraging opportunities for investment in foreign projects; privatization of state enterprises; fianncialiaziton of capital; deregulation of restrictions that hamper competition; and privation of state enterprises.

Whilst on first blush, neoliberalism seems to cohere precisely with pragmatism in that it encourages private competition and seeks to transfer power…

The text deals at length and often with a great variety of matters which bear on the human condition, but there are matters which would certainly have no place in a modern treatise on politics"
Therefore, it is rather hard to determine the extent to which Plato used this means of communication, the dialogues, to point out to the actual necessities of the society he lived in and the aspects that needed changes. In particular, the arguments he provides from the realities of the time are provided by Plato to merely support his own line of thought related to the philosophical ideas on happiness and justice.

An aspect that firmly relates to the way in which the "Republic" is constructed and that uses the arguments on the ideal state is related to the role the state may have in providing its citizens (here, the term "citizen" must be understood as…

Sufficient Reason (PSR) advocate Cosmological Argument justify premises argument? Make define dependent -existent beings, explain parts PSR part justify a premise argument. (See Rowe's article; pp.
How is the Principle of Sufficient Reason (PSR) used by the advocate of the Cosmological Argument to justify the two premises of the argument? Make sure to clearly define dependent and self-existent beings, and also to explain the two parts of PSR and how each part is used to justify a different premise of the argument.

The Principle of Sufficient Reason as developed by theorists and philosophers points out that for every event, existence, occurrence, if that event or occurrence took place and is real, they there must be a reason and proof for that occurrence to be real. More precisely, the theory appeals to the need to explain and justify different events in history that in fact took place and therefore there must…

" Soon thereafter Marian begins struggling with eating and acting more feminine (out of character) due to the pressures imposed by the expectations of society. Atwood's implication is that this expectation of femininity dehumanizes woman, restricting their potential to self-actualize and personal freedom. The author's portrayal of Marian as feminine and weak indicates she is programmed to act this way and unable to consciously behave in any other manner. Marian is dehumanized by society.
As the story progresses Marian begins to grow into a stronger person. She begins to discover who she is and what she wants and take control over her life. Marion understands she does not want Peter and the life her has to offer. She takes her ring off places it in her change purse next to her nickels and dimes, coins of low value. Ultimately she overcomes the oppression of her culture, literally devouring a cake…

Hume and Experience
In morals, politics, religion and science, Hume was a conservative empiricist who emphatically rejected all theories he thought of as metaphysical or not based on actual experience and sense perceptions. He did not regard religious and metaphysical theories as scientific, but more like idle speculation, superstition and prejudice. No ultimate original principles existed outside of the mind and perceptions, and this certainly included the concept of cause and effect, which he insisted was derived from the senses and later processed through the mind in the form of simple and complex ideas. Nothing could be known about human nature or any other subject outside of an exact, empirical science, while innate and a priori ideas did not exist. Even his theories of mathematics, logic and the color spectrum were all based on empiricism, and the ability of the mind to reflect, compile and make connections based on repeated…

Woellert, however, quickly establishes her credentials as an objective observer by recounting the state of the union and admitting a climate of fear and anxiety. She does not immediately begin disparaging the opposite point-of-view which she intends to contend. She states the case for National ID cards, and then poses the question: Will they work? No, she says, calmly and clearly -- they will not.

Woellert's standpoint is one of practicality and efficiency. While Magnusson displays the kind of religious belief that technocrats place in Silicon Valley's "next big thing," Woellert sounds the alarm of prudential American thinking: "A national ID card would rip at the fabric of our constitutional freedoms. It would cost billions and be technologically imperfect. Most troubling, it would lull the populace into a false sense of security." Her thesis is clear, palpable, and logical. Magnusson offers mere hyperbole.

Woellert's essay also stays focused on her…

Descartes' Major Tenets
Descartes Major Tenets

Descartes was one of the most well-respected thinkers of his time, and he applied his special brand of logic to a wide-variety of disciplines, most notably mathematics and philosophy. The Cartesian approach to philosophy, like many approaches to philosophy, looked at the interaction of the mind and the brain. Were the mind and the brain one united organism, did they interact with one another, was one of them superior or more powerful than the other? All of those questions were critical to Descartes' explanation of the universe.

As explained by Nonaka and Takeuchi, the body has an extension into space but cannot think. In contrast, the mind has no extension into space, but can think. Nonaka and Takeuchi used one of Descartes' most famous examples, his explanation of the qualities of honey wax, to explain his dualistic approach to the world. "As for his…

Red Herring Argument / Petition Principi:
Heard from friend who is supporter of the ancient astronaut theory. She seemed to believe it telling me that that intelligent extraterrestrial beings had almost certainly visited Earth in antiquity and made contact with humans in certain points of our history. his she argued was indicated from certain ancient texts such as the Ramayana that, for instance, has gods and avatars who travel from place to place in flying vehicles, whilst the Book of Genesis, (chapter 6 verses 1 -- 4) mentions "sons of God [who] went to the daughters of humans and had children by them" -- which she, along with others, maintains refers to extra-terrestrials. he Book of Ezekiel too has a description of winged creatures flying in the Chariot of God who looked like humans which indicates that that Ezekiel had seen spaceships.

hese arguments -- all spurious -- not resting…