Russia's National Security Strategy
According to Isabelle Falcon, in Russia's view, it was necessary to update its national security strategy following the events that unfolded in Ukraine and the crisis that followed in Moscow. Russia adopted a new military doctrine on 25th Dec 2014, was signed by the president a year later and Russia adopted the new foreign policy concept on 30 of November 2016[footnoteRef:1]. [1: Isabelle Facon, "Russia's national security strategy and military doctrine and their implications for the EU," European Parliament, 2017, doi: 10.2861/635490.]
The updated documents highlight several key issues that reflect the traditional view that Russia holds about the world and its vision. They underscore the country's status as world powerhouse; and that its sovereignty must be respected. They also point out that Russia's foreign policy must be independent of the outside world. The general message that the documents send is that the outside world is full of…...
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Bibliography
Facon, Isabelle. "Russia's national security strategy and military doctrine and their implications for the EU," European Parliament, 2017, doi: 10.2861/635490.
Name Students NameInstructors NameCourse Code30 March 2024FA5 QuestionThe 2022 National Security Strategy states that the US pursues three national security interests: to expand opportunities and economic prosperity for the people of America, to protect the security of Americans, and to defend the values of democracy that form the foundation of American culture (The White House 7). However, some fundamental challenges limit the US ability to achieve these interests. The most significant challenge presently is the rise of powers such as Russia and China that advocate for revisionist policies and authoritarian governance models, posing a threat to the rule-based international order. As the US and its democratic partners work to strengthen systems of democratic governance globally, these countries continue to recklessly flout international laws by leveraging supply chains and technology for repression and coercion, undermining other countries democratic political processes, and waging aggression wars against the international order as Russia did…...
National Security Strategy USAIntroductionThe continued reliance of American strategists on warfare tactics grounded in prior conflict is a problematic matter. Of all modern explanations for engaging in warfare, it is perhaps evident that asymmetric war is one of the broadest explanations, even if it isn\\\'t the most inclusive. According to some experts, asymmetrical conflict theory may be categorized using studying the many extant and probable asymmetric conflict concepts (Chace).Research scholars studying modern conflict forms, when explaining asymmetric war, hypothesize that the nature of warfare has undergone a major change that the U.S., which supports symmetric warfare, has failed to address. Several research works on the topic have determined and studied contemporary interventions\\\' characteristics as an asymmetric warfare guide (Chace). Those supporting asymmetric warfare claim that major differences exist between contemporary (asymmetric) and prior traditional warfare (Chace). For strategists contemplating contemporary asymmetric warfare, the challenge lies in the fact that most…...
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BibliographyAngstrom, Jan. Mapping the competing historical analogies of the War on Terrorism: The Bush presidency. International Relations, 25(2), 224–242 (2011).Carter, Timothy. Explaining insurgent violence: The timing of deadly events in Afghanistan. Civil Wars, 13(2), 99-121 (2014).Chace, Jesse. Defining asymmetric warfare: A losing proposition. Joint Force Quarterly, 61, 124 (2011).Hayworth, Robert. American National Security Strategy as it Pertains to the Afghanistan War. Scholar Works, (2018).Khouri, Rami. The strange failures of \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'the global war on terror. The Belfar Center for Science and International Affairs. Harvard University: Cambridge, MA. Posted Mach 1, (2008).NIC. Global Trends - Paradox of Progress. USA: National Intelligence Council, (2017).NSS. National Security Strategy of America. Washington: The White House, (2017).Sanger, David, and Baker, Peter. New U.S. security strategy focuses on managing threats. New York Times, (2010).Savun, Burcu & Phillips, Brian. Democracy, foreign policy, and terrorism. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 53(6), 878-904, (2009).
Global Trends : Dominant Theme Captured in Bidens 2022 National Security StrategyOne of the themes that, as the authors of the Global Trends 2040 indicate, will likely impact the strategic environment over the next twenty years is Global Challenges. More specifically, as the authors point out, there are number of challenges that have a high likelihood of manifesting in intense and frequent formats across various countries and/or regions. These are inclusive of technology disruptions, financial crises, disease, and climate change (National Intelligence Council, 2021). There is no doubt that these will bring about significant strain and suffering. The fact that these concerns will not only cascade, but also become intertwined in some instances only serves to make the situation direr. This appears to be the very theme that the 2022 NSS identifies as being more important than the other four themes. This is more so the case given that some…...
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ReferencesNational Intelligence Council (2021). Global Trends 2040: A More Contested World. The White House (2022). National Security Strategy. https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Biden-Harris-Administrations-National-Security-Strategy-10.2022.pdf https://www.dni.gov/files/ODNI/documents/assessments/GlobalTrends_2040.pdf
The United States operates its defense methods and actions based upon our overall beliefs about what is meant by the Constitution's expectation that our government shall "provide for the common good." It is the Department of Defenses' "capstone" document, which lays the foundation for the grand ideals it expects to carry out as part of the larger presidential directives on using our forces at home and abroad.
National Military Strategy (NMS)
This directive exists as a result of Congressional and coordination directives. It seeks to identify and monitor operational readiness of the military forces and partners as they conduct their activities. An overview of these two documents can be found in the 2004 unclassified release of The National Military Strategy of the U.S.: A Strategy for Today; A vision for Tomorrow, which can be found at http://www.defense.gov/news/mar2005/d20050318nms.pdf.
COMPARISONS:
Each of the two documents and draws its guidance and operational…...
THE SOLAWINDS HACK: SECUING THE FUTUE Name______________________Topic: SolarWinds HackIssue: Zero-Day Security and Potential Implications for US National SecurityPaper Title: The SolarWinds Hack: Securing the FutureThe implication for US National Security includes foreign actors ability to disrupt essential infrastructure assets within the United States. These assets include oil and gas pipelines, electrical grids, and the defense sector. Foreign actors can misuse personal data through malware, spyware, and other advances, resulting in extortion and ransomware. These implications are both tangible and intangible. Tangible elements include interruptions of infrastructure (e.g., communication, food distribution, power grids, and transportation), industry (e.g., aerospace, bio-medical, healthcare, and waste management), and utilities (e.g., gas, electric, sewage, and water) within the nation. Intangible implications include the erosion of consumer confidence in everything from online retail to election integrity.BackgroundThe SolarWinds hack was major because it affected thousands of organizations, including the United States government[footnoteef:1]. SolarWinds is a software company based…...
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ReferencesDatta, P. (2021). Hannibal at the gates: Cyberwarfare & the Solarwinds sunburst hack. Journal of Information Technology Teaching Cases, 2043886921993126. FireEye. (2020). Highly evasive attacker leverages SolarWinds supply chain to compromise multiple global victims with SUNBURST backdoor. Mar, S. (2021). THE AFTERMATH OF SOLARWINDS. The Internal Auditor, 18-18. Massacci, F., Jaeger, T., & Peisert, S. (2021). SolarWinds and the Challenges of Patching: Can We Ever Stop Dancing With the Devil? IEEE Security & Privacy, 19(02), 14-19. Shlapentokh-Rothman, M., Kelly, J., Baral, A., Hemberg, E., & O\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'Reilly, U.-M. (2021). Coevolutionary modeling of cyber attack patterns and mitigations using public datasets. Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, Wolff, E. D., GroWlEy, K. M., & GruDEn, M. G. (2021). Navigating the SolarWinds Supply Chain Attack.
National Interest as a key determinant in Foreign Policy
National Interest and Foreign Policy
National Interest Defined:
The national interest is, very simply, the objectives of a country ranging from the macro goals i.e. economy, military to the micro goals like social use cyber space. National interest is an integral part of international relations as it is a concept based out of the realist school of though. This will be discussed in more detail in the paper.
Foreign Policy Defined:
Foreign policy, very simply, is the strategy that guides all international dealings and associations of a country
When dealing with national interest, one has to wonder about the degree to which domestic politics is vital for the comprehension of that country's foreign policy. Domestic politics is not of immense significance; this has been depicted by an eminent assumption related to structural realism, global association. The systemic vigour of the global supremacy division propels a country's foreign…...
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References
Bond, J.R., and R. Fleisher. 1990. The President in the legislative arena. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Clarke, K.A. 2001. Testing nonnested models of international relations: Reevaluating realism. American Journal of Political Science 45(3): 724 -- 744.
Clarke, K.A. 2003. Nonparametric model discrimination in international relations. Journal of Conict Resolution 47(1): 72 -- 93.
Fearon, J.D. 1998. Domestic politics, foreign policy, and theories of international relations. Annual Review of Political Science 1: 289 -- 313.
Security eport
In the present day, organizations are reliant on information in order to continue being relevant and not become obsolete. To be specific, organizations are reliant on the controls and systems that have been instituted in place, which provide the continuing privacy, veracity, and accessibility of their data and information (Lomprey, 2008). There is an increase and rise in threats to information contained within organizations and information systems (Lomprey, 2008). There is also a rise in the intricacy of such systems and information, which places emphasis on the importance for organizations to understand and gain an understanding of how to better safeguard their information as well as information systems. As stated by Briggs (2005), globalization has instigated the world to become a global village. This, in turn, has increased the level of complexity and intricacy of the information security aspect of the organizations across the world. There is greater need…...
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References
Alfawaz, S. M. (2011). Information security management: a case study of an information security culture (Doctoral dissertation, Queensland University of Technology).
Ashenden, D. (2008). Information Security management: A human challenge? Information security technical report, 13(4), 195-201.
Briggs, R. (2005). Joining Forces From national security to networked security. DEMOS.
Chang, S. E., Ho, C. B. (2006). Organizational factors to the effectiveness of implementing information security management. Industrial Management and Data Systems, 106 (3): 345-361.
Security Audit for FX Hospital EH/EM Systems
The study carries out the security audits for the FX Hospital EH/EM information systems to identify the vulnerabilities in the systems. The study uses the BackTrack as an auditing tool to penetrate the website, and outcomes of the auditing reveal that the website is not secure and can be subject to different vulnerabilities. After carrying out the auditing, the study is able to collect as much patients' data as possible revealing the website can be subject to vulnerable attacks. One of the vulnerabilities identified is that the website UL starts from HTTP showing that an attacker can easily break into the website and collect sensitive information. Moreover, all the data in the website are not encrypted making them easy for an attacker to collect patients' data.
By consequence, the FX Hospital can face lawsuits for failing to protect patients' data because if patients' data are…...
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Reference
Abdel-Aziz, A. (2009). Intrusion Detection & Response - Leveraging Next Generation Firewall Technology. SANS Institute.
Burr, W. Ferraiolo, H. & Waltermire, D. (2014). IEEE Computer Society. NIST and Computer Security.
Chadwick, D. (2012). Network Firewall Technologies. IS Institute, University of Salford.
Mell, P.Bergeron, T. & Henning, D.(2005).Creating a Patch and Vulnerability Management Program. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
Bush doctrine AND THE EMERGING NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY
The 'Bush doctrine' has diverse meanings especially in the enhancement U.S.' security. Nonetheless, the Bush doctrine is simply a defensive strategy that was created by the 43rd U.S. president, George Bush. The plan was designed and directed towards actions that should be done amidst the instantaneous danger to U.S. security. The Bush doctrine contained a number of safety principles that were termed as prongs, three of which are practical, while one is mostly impractical. The doctrine's first point held the notion that terrorists and the countries supporting them were not different and had to be treated equally. This was designed to manage countries that would pose some threat to the U.S. The second prong urged the U.S. government to take the first step of attacking the terrorists' breeding grounds before they make the first step of attacking America. This prong was supposed…...
U.S. National Strategy
What three United States national interests do you think will be at great risk over the next five years? Describe those interests and identify which instruments of national power can be leveraged to protect or advance those national interests and how those instruments can be used.
As President Obama stated in his addresses to Congress in February 2009, the most important problem that the country faced was the economy, which was in the worst recession since the 1930s. This affected both domestic and foreign policy, since the country would probably have to reduce military spending and its commitments overseas as it did during the Great Depression, so for the Obama administration economic recovery was the primary goal. He did promise that "the weight of this crisis will not determine the destiny of this nation" (Obama Address, 2009, p. 1). He promised that the government would deal with unemployment, lack…...
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REFERENCES
Address to Joint Session of Congress. Remarks of President Barack Obama, As Prepared for Delivery, Address to Joint Session of Congress, Tuesday, February 24th, 2009.
Comprehensive Regional Strategy on Somalia: A Strategy for U.S. Engagement Report to Congress, February 2007.
limitations and capabilities of intelligence for corroborating homeland security efforts?
Sharing of intelligence and extensive threat analysis
There are quite many intelligent agencies working round the clock analyzing the data yet no single agency is working on analyzing the incoming data regarding terrorism in United States of America. No agency is presently working to gather intelligence and look for trends (DHS, 2002). Under the United States' president, a new department was formed which analyzed the data taken from government reserves such as DOE, DEA, INS, FBI, NSA, CIA and DOT along with public records. The department has the task of looking for trends keeping the big picture in mind. It is ready all-the-time to counter any probable terrorist activity underway (DHS, 2002).
An Example: Distribution of important pharmaceuticals
Potassium Iodide (KI) is quite a drug assisting in countering thyroid cancer when exposed to radiation. The drug needs to be taken during early hours…...
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References
Department of Homeland Security (2002). The Department of Homeland Security as approved by the President of the United States. Defense Homeland Security.
Kate Martin. (2004). Domestic Intelligence and Civil Liberties. SAIS Review 24, no. 1 (Winter-Spring 2004): 8.
Logan, K. (2010). Homeland Security and Intelligence. Santa Barbara, Calif: Praeger Security International.
National Security Strategy (2010). National Security Strategy as approved by the President of the United States. Defense Homeland Security.
Homeland Security isk Management
isk Management in Homeland Security
This paper provides a brief examination of the role of risk management within the homeland security operations. The discussion first addresses issues related to risk assessment, which is a necessary, prudent step for publicly funded activities, and particularly so given the national scope and the potential consumption of resources. The Strategic National isk Assessment (SNA) serves as a vehicle to link policy -- the Presidential Policy Directive 8 (PPD 8) and the National Preparedness System. The core capabilities of the National Preparedness Goal are mapped to the hazards and threats identified in the SNA (SNA 2011). This tactic enables additional core capabilities to be identified, and provides a resource to inform the establishment of priorities needed for making decisions about future investing in capabilities (SNA 2011).
As with any major projects of risk management, the initial stage is focused on assessment. The Strategic National…...
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References
The White House. National Security Strategy. (2010, May). Washington, D.C. Government Printing Office. Retrieved National_Security_Strategy.pdf
U.S. Customs and Border Protection. Secure Boarders, Safe Travel, Legal Trade. U.S. Customs and Boarder Protection Fiscal Year 2009-2014 Strategic Plan. Retrieved CBP_Strategic_Plan.pdf
U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Department of Homeland Security Strategic Plan. Fiscal Years 2012 -- 2016. (2012, February). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. Retrieved DHS_Strategic_Plan-2012-2016.pdf
But the U.S. must also set an example to the world on human rights, and that begins with a rejection of the kind of abuses that were carried out at Abu Ghraib in Iraq during the U.S. occupation of that sovereign nation.
orks Cited
Biden, Joseph. (2009). Biden Lays Out U.S. Foreign Policy Goals, Approaches. America.gov.
Retrieved Dec. 16, 2010, from http://www.america.gov.
Blanton, Shannon Lindsey. (2005). Foreign Policy in Transition? Human Rights, Democracy,
and U.S. Arms Exports. International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 49, 647-667.
Butler, Desmond. (2010). Lawmakers stretching out Russia nuke pact debate. The Seattle
Times. Retrieved Dec. 16, 2010, from http://seattletimes.nwsource.com.
Cardenas, Sonia. (2009). Human Rights in Latin America: A Politics of Terror and Hope.
Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Hamid, Shadi, and Brooke, Steven. (2010). Promoting Democracy to Stop Terror, Revisited,
Policy Review, No. 59, 45-58.
McCain, John. (2010). National History and Universal Values: Prioritizing Human Rights in U.S. Foreign Policy. Brown Journal of orld Affairs, XVI (II),…...
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Works Cited
Biden, Joseph. (2009). Biden Lays Out U.S. Foreign Policy Goals, Approaches. America.gov.
Introduction
National strategy is the art and science of development and usage of informational, diplomatic and economic powers of a country in union with its armed forces for purposes of securing national objectives during war and peace times. National strategies are a key delivery mechanism for several new and existing nations. It was first introduced in the year 1998 with the aim of assisting in developing educational settings to improve the standards and life expectancy of children. Troops in the Air Force have today become experienced exceptional at applying space, air and cyber powers to achieve operational and tactical objectives (Bush, 2002). The Air Force plays a big role in national security. Some of the critical capabilities that determines what the Air Force is able to provide for a nation include: action freedom in air, space and cyberspace; power projection; air diplomacy; global situational awareness; and military support to civil authorities.…...
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