Privacy Essays (Examples)

Privacy of an Individual in the Workplace

Privacy of an Individual in the Workplace

Argument Length: 2,000 words Task Construct argument notion individual's privacy important consideration workplace, Use ethical theory support position. Rationale This task designed: demonstrate capacity understand evaluate privacy; demonstrate understanding issues encroach individual's privacy workplace; demonstrate ability construct a compelling argument logically consistent supported ethical theory;

Privacy of an individual in the workplace

In the workplace, it is expected that employees must relinquish some of their most valued privacy in order to succeed in their role in the organization. The debate on workplace privacy concerns how much privacy the employees need to give up in their quest for success at their role. The morality, ethicality and legality of monitoring of actions of employees have been challenged in various circles with each side having a strong argument. It is believed that employers need to infringe on the privacy of employees in order to be able…… [Read More]

Privacy Protection Act the United

For example, almost all companies doing business on the Internet will have a link disclosing their privacy policy and the steps they will take to ensure the customer's privacy. Privacy matters become an issue because, in order to transact business of the Internet, one is required to enter such personal information as credit card numbers, addresses, emails and personal phone numbers.

The vast majority of online businesses will have policy disclosure statements outlining exactly what the business does with this collected information. For example, most businesses value a customer's privacy as this encourages customers to do more business with them. Therefore, a typical privacy disclosure statement will begin by stating exactly what information they collect. For example, a company may state that on pages where one can order products, make requests or register to receive materials, the type of information collected includes, but is not limited to: the customer's name,…… [Read More]

Privacy Notices

Privacy

By law, majority of business institutions are required to provide their customers with information regarding their privacy policies on an annual basis. Business institutions are prohibited from sharing nonpublic personally identifiable customer information with non- affiliated third parties, unless consumers are clearly provided with an opportunity to opt-out. However, there have been concerns among people, as the opt-out process is time consuming for many individuals and in some cases privacy notices have been found too difficult to understand. Customers also indicate that current privacy notices are too long, contain too much legal jargon, or are too hard to read.

The privacy notices that business firms traditionally send to their customers are not new, however, with the growing explosion of the information systems and the Internet, the federal agencies have begun to question whether the traditional types of the privacy notices are adequate or there is a need to revamp…… [Read More]

Privacy and Technology Has Experienced

Consequently, the large-scale implant of chips would certainly have damaging effects on people.

One of the latest reports of people having their privacy broken is when residents from Milton Keynes, UK, have informed police officers that a Google representative started taking picture of their houses. The person had been driving a Google Street View car which is part of a program meant to offer Google operators 360 degrees images of various places from around the world. According to BBC, residents felt that the man from Google had been facilitating crime and interfering with their privacy by making the pictures public. Apparently, the citizens from Milton Keynes had not been the only ones complaining about Google invading their privacy. However, the people that invented the Google Street View program have thought in advance and also added tools which people can use to delete pictures that they consider to have broken their…… [Read More]

Privacy Rights in the Case

Layne', in December 1994, the Office of the Information and Privacy Commissioner received a compliant that the Vancouver Police Department had taken a decision to block out the faces of those person who were being interviewed by the police in the program, "To Serve and to Protect." The complainant was KF Media Inc., of Vancouver B.C. KF Media Inc. who was the producer of the program, and it generally used media in ride-alongs when the police were doing their jobs of apprehending a suspect. The media would be invited, with the co-operation of certain Police Departments in British Columbia, to join the police, and film the entire action on video. The purpose, as stated by the police, was to allow camera crews to capture police action on camera, live, so that the very reality of the work that the police officers do during the course of their jobs would be…… [Read More]

Privacy vs Freedom of Press the Right

Privacy vs. Freedom of Press

The right to privacy is more important than the freedom of the press. A great deal of media intrusion is abuse of press freedom by solely aiming to boost circulation by feeding on public interest instead of determining what is in the public's best interest (Skidelsky). Courts have held there is no special privileges on journalists. The right to privacy should be protected by press unless given consent otherwise.

Too many times, victims of crimes and celebrities get identified in media that brings about more embarrassment. Victims of crimes, especially in rape situations, have enough embarrassment without the world knowing. In these situations, the press does more damage than good by reporting the events of these situations. The added embarrassment causes more emotional harm that takes more treatment time to heal from the occurrences and takes longer to adjust to life and living with the…… [Read More]

Privacy With Markting According to

Yet, consumers feel that the online businesses have gone too far in their data profiling practices (Up for sale: Privacy on the Net).

More and more, these companies use cookies and Web bugs to secretly track down information about customers. Internet businesses track Web users across multiple Web sites to build detailed individual profiles about personally sensitive information such as spending habits, income, illnesses and occupation. Often this data is sold to retailers or to private data collection agencies without the customer's knowledge or permission.

Consumer privacy advocates and online businesses are at odds as to how to best resolve privacy concerns (Up for sale: Privacy on the Net). Online businesses support continued self-regulation and providing consumers with the option to "opt out" of data collection processes. Online businesses also believe that new services such as zeroknowledge.com help consumers prevent tracking of their personal information. Consumer privacy advocates, on the…… [Read More]

Privacy Graeff and Harmon 2002 Studied the

Privacy

Graeff and Harmon (2002) studied the issue of consumer views about privacy, and found a few things. They found that consumers are generally concerned about privacy, but that the level of their concerns varied by demographic market segments. Further, they supported the long-held view that consumer concerns about privacy and how their personal information is used will affect their desire to make purchases on the Internet. Thus, there is a disconnect between the level of concern that consumers have with respect to their personal information, and their knowledge of how their information is gathered. Even consumers who were concerned about the use of their data were unaware, for example, that loyalty cards are used to gather consumers' personal information and record their shopping habits.

In a study contemporary to the same time frame as the Graeff and Harmon study, Phelps, D'Souza and Nowak (2001) lend support to Graeff and…… [Read More]

Privacy Issues in Mcdonald's As Part of

Privacy Issues in McDonald's:

As part of its commitment to its customers, McDonalds Corporation is very sensitive to privacy issues. While the company does not share, sell or reveal any personal information to third parties, it may share this information within the corporation, subsidiaries, franchises and affiliates. However, the use of shared personal information within McDonald's family is based on the corporation's privacy policy. Notably, companies that may be engaged by McDonald's to carry out certain functions like offering technical services, fulfilling orders and helping with promotions may gain access to personal information if necessary. McDonald's Corporation restricts those companies to use the personal information for conducting those functions and not for any other purpose. The company restricts the use of this information because of its sensitivity to privacy issues and the need for caution in any communications with its treasured customers.

Privacy Regulations at McDonalds:

With its rapid growth…… [Read More]

Privacy What Ways Privacy Legally Protected United

PRIVACY

What ways privacy legally protected United States Essay Question: Explain general ways privacy legally protected United States Essay 250 words length APA format. 2 references Book Reference Bennett-Alexander, D.

Explain the three general ways in which privacy is legally protected in the United States

The right to privacy is not specifically enumerated in the U.S. Constitution but the U.S. Supreme Court over the years has ruled that it is a protected right within the "penumbras" of various Bills of Rights such as the right to free speech and the right to be protected from unreasonable searches (Linder 2013). The right to privacy can also be more generally found in the Ninth Amendment's reference to "other rights retained by the people" and the Fourteenth Amendment which generally prohibits the government from engaging in practices inconsistent with the freedoms guaranteed in the other sections of the Bill of Rights (Linder 2013).…… [Read More]

Privacy in Intelligence Gathering and Surveillance Present

Privacy in Intelligence Gathering and Surveillance

Present scenario: • You owner a security company specializes physical personal protection. You creating operations plan company. Prepare a word security management plan. Using scenario, address area include components: • Create a company policy address issues concerns privacy intelligence gathering surveillance (ONLY discuss topic NOT provide introduction conclusion).

Policy Objective

The policy's objective is to ensure that deployment of surveillance equipment is in a manner to guarantee the safety, security and any other benefits for their use. The deployment shall at all times ensure that individual rights to privacy are not infringed.

Underlying Principles

The company undertakes to be responsible for contracting clients' property safety, the safety of the visitor and employees. Intelligence gathering will at all times be carried out conscious of the need to protect the information from leaking out and the need for privacy for individuals.

Policy Statement

It is appreciated…… [Read More]

Privacy Rules Hippa Over the Years Various

Privacy Rules HIPPA

Over the years, various regulations have been enacted to ensure increased amounts of protection for the general public. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) was designed for several different reasons. The most notable include: to ensure that laid off employees are receiving continuous health insurance coverage, prevent fraud / abuse and to protect the privacy of all patients. This is significant, because it created a new standard for all health insurance providers, insurance companies and employers to follow. However, various problems have emerged over the years. One of the most notable is: the underlying costs of these regulations are adding to: the expenses for health care organizations and professionals. This is problematic, because the program was designed to address issues that could be affecting the workers and their families. Yet, over the years it has morphed into another big bureaucracy that is increasing the number…… [Read More]

Privacy Law One Such Privacy Law That

Privacy Law

One such privacy law that has been enacted is the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). It has provisions that govern data use and privacy among healthcare providers, insurers, and employers. There are stringent measures put in place to govern recording and sharing of communication between financial services providers and their clients (Mills, 2009). Outside the United States territory, there are legislations put in place that guarantee once privacy. Europe, as a matter of fact has a very strict European Privacy Directive that governs provisions that limit data collection, notice and approval of myriad types of data collection, and making data available to customers with mechanisms for stopping collection efforts and correcting inaccuracies. HIPAA compels healthcare providers, insurers, and employers to only use data in their position in total regard of the law. Divulging any information in their possession to unauthorized party is illegal and would attract…… [Read More]

Privacy Security National Security vs Individual Liberties

Privacy Security

National Security vs. Individual Liberties

A Long Standing Debate has Taken a New Turn in the Modern Digital Era

WikiLeaks

The Edward Snowden Leaks

Liberty and National Security

The debate between national security and individual liberties, especially privacy, has reached new proportions as technology has increased the ability for the state to create mass surveillance programs. The events that occurred on September 11th, 2001, definitely changed the political and social landscape within the United States. This also heightened the debate between security and privacy. Many politicians made the case that they needed new and more technologically advanced protection systems to help combat the threat of terrorism.

Politicians were quick to use the aftershock of the terrorism events to pass new legislation that significantly expanded the ability of organizations such as the CIA and NSA to create new tools to monitor both domestic and foreign individuals. The extent of…… [Read More]

Privacy Agreements the Relationship Between

Similarly, the company e-mail is not intended for personal use. This is no different than expecting an employee to behave in an appropriate fashion while on work property. No employee should be able to use fowl language, be abusive, use substances, etc. while working.

I do have some concerns, however, with the above noted companies that eight companies reported they would read and review these electronic transactions if they receive other information that an individual may have violated company policies. First, a company should be very careful on how they gain information about another employee. The term "other information" is very broad. I would hope that there would have to be considerable concern before an employee is investigated. Second, a company has to recognize that electronics like anything else can be altered. Not to be paranoid, but people will do strange things against someone else if angry, jealous, offended in…… [Read More]

Privacy or Surveillance -- Political Topic Privacy

Privacy or Surveillance -- Political Topic

Privacy or Surveillance?

We live in an age of heightened concerns about terrorism and public safety. The events of 9/11, the constant threat of future terrorist plots and mass shootings and public bombings have put both the American people and government on high alert. Some of the government's responses have included development of the Department of Homeland Security and terrorist threat level systems (Hiranandani, 2011). Other efforts have included intense, and oftentimes undercover, surveillance of the activities of everyday citizens. This is particularly true regarding cell phone conversations, email exchanges and web-based activities.

Recent news has highlighted that the National Security Agency (NSA) has used thousands of analysts to listen to domestic phone calls and monitor emails and text messages without the consent or knowledge of the American people (Barrett, Ballhaus & Aylward, 2013). The NSA acknowledges these practices and argues that court authorization…… [Read More]

Privacy Health Records in the United States

Privacy of Health Records in the United States: Health Information Privacy in the Correctional Setting

The advent of technology both eased the handling of patients' health records by health practitioners and elevated the importance of health information privacy in all health care facilities. According to Goldstein (2014), electronic health records (EHRs) are important in the delivery of patient centered medical care, improving the quality of care offered to patients, and reducing health disparities and medical errors. Compared to paper records, electronic records receive information from multiple providers and allow for the tracking of the patient's health throughout their life, which facilitates the access and sharing of health information for a variety of healthcare providers (Grady, 2012).

The problem

While majority of healthcare facilities are enjoying the benefits of electronic health records, some are yet to adopt the use of health information technology. In the U.S. correctional setting for example, there…… [Read More]

Privacy What Happens to Privacy

As will be discussed, this has serious implications for security issues on both a personal, organizational and corporate level.

A central concern is that, as the number of users increase online so does the potential threat of invasion of privacy in many insidious forms. This can lead to serious ethical infringements of privacy, such as fraud and identity theft. As Miyazaki, and Fernandez ( 2001) emphasize;

This rapid growth (of the Internet) has been accompanied, however, by concerns regarding the collection and dissemination of consumer information by marketers who participate in online retailing. These concerns pertain to the privacy and security of accumulateaa with respect to these issues

(Miyazaki, and Fernandez 27)

3. Privacy and the Online Context

Data privacy is defined as follows: "Data privacy refers to the evolving relationship between technology and the legal right to, or public expectation of privacy in the collection and sharing of data…… [Read More]

Privacy Since the Advent of

While the TSA claims that privacy rights are not violated by the use of full body scanners, many passengers disagree, as do many in the human rights community. A United Nations special rapporteur on the protection of human rights points out that recording details of private parts was an especially egregious human rights violation. In particular it was noted that women, people of certain religions and certain cultural backgrounds would likely find the procedure and the notion of their bodies being recorded to be offensive (Agence France-Press, 2010).

There are two dimensions on which the privacy issue surrounding airport screening procedures can be evaluated. The first is the legal issue. The Privacy Act itself offers little direct guidance with respect to airport screening. The Act's emphasis is more on the control of information that comes from the activities of government agencies than on collection of the information itself. As such,…… [Read More]

Privacy Abuse and Protection

Privacy and Abuse Protection Efforts of Businesses

Facts

Many workforces in most nations all over the world are increasingly becoming global. These workforces cooperate, communicate, and link up in multinationals and global marketplaces via web-based applications across countries and territories. The phenomenon of globalization has removed quite a number of differences amongst peoples and nations both in workplaces and in other areas[footnoteRef:2]. However, some questions have been raised on the origins of workplace privacy. For instance, the U.S. (United States) and the E.U. (European Union) have quite a number of differences with regards to workplace privacy. Such kinds of differences bring about significant challenges for an employer whose workforce is global in nature or who manages human resources using technologies and processes that go beyond borders. [2: Determann and Lothar (2011)]

Employers have accessibility to personal data of their workforce. This data might be insightful and so the workforce might…… [Read More]

Privacy the Author of This

When the National Security Agency (NSA) of the United States is collection information in bulk with no rhyme or reason to it, that can become too might quite quickly. While it is wise to keep an eye on chatter and look for key words, phrases and patterns, there is indeed rules of evidence and the needs for warrants in many cases and that should be respected. The United States should certainly keep an eye on international communications as they have a right and duty to do so but citizens who are behaving themselves should be left alone and not monitored. In addition, and especially in light of events like 9/11, people can get profiled and labeled as suspects with no rhyme or reason. Indeed, most Muslim terrorists are male Arabs from 18 to 34 but there are plenty of young Arab males who love the United States and/or are doing…… [Read More]

Privacy

torproject.org//overview.html.en . You refer Tor Wikipedia page. Other questions require a web searching reading. Questions: 1. Alice a Lilliputian overthrow government Lilliput

Privacy has become a critical aspect nowadays. There are more and more dangers in terms of national security, international terrorism, and organized crime. In the name of protecting a nation, or providing a secure living environment, the governments often address possible cybercrimes or terrorist actions by infringing the right of the human being to privacy. Whether it is their private mail, their electronic mail, or even their private telephone conversations, people are becoming more and more reluctant to the issue of ensuring national security by having breaches of their own privacy.

As the world is in a constant development mode, the internet represents perhaps the most important communication means at the moment. This is the reason why most governments and security analysts consider that privacy on the internet…… [Read More]

Privacy Act of 1974 Is

Both the Privacy Act and the FOIA is very relevant in the present issues that the country is addressing at present. The extra measures that the Bush government is implementing to prevent another terrorist attack resulted to non-disclosure of federal records to the public, and the ease of obtaining information about individuals, especially when the government considers the individual a possible link, suspect or threat to the government. These measures demonstrate a violation of the very functions of both laws, a most-debated upon issue nowadays, as America continues to be weary and fearful of possible future terrorist attacks.

Works… [Read More]

Privacy Companies Should Not Be

If the company wants productive employees who give back to their places of employment and remain committed to company values, then reading employee emails should be prohibited. Reading employee emails represents a gross violation of privacy, which should be protected in an employee bill of rights. Even though employers need to make sure that employees are not playing games or doing too much personal emailing on company time, a certain degree of personal emails should be permitted, tolerated, or even encouraged to make workers feel at home and comfortable while in the office. Finally, reading employee emails is a type of privacy violation that garners bad publicity and the company might suffer poor public relations if it becomes notorious for reading employee emails. Reading employee emails should not be tolerated because ultimately it harms the company.… [Read More]

Privacy and Security in Housing

Architecture

Privacy and Security in Housing

Men has learned different methods of building roads, buildings, houses, bridges and highways but the basics of architecture and the purpose is still same. The roads are for travelling and transportation while the houses are to provide shelter, security and privacy to the individuals and families. Houses save people from bad weather, vulnerabilities and privacy issues. While the basic need and purpose is same, there have been extra necessities that arrived with time as the lifestyle of the people changed (Building Basics: Architecture, 2013). The needs of security and decoration have increased over time thus the people want their residential buildings to be designed with much more care than they used to be in past. The design of houses comes into mind as collection of rooms, sitting areas, balconies, courtyards and garages. While the windows, doors, balconies and courtyards give a feeling of openness…… [Read More]

Privacy Do We Have in

This will prevent the employee from claiming that they had their basic civil rights violated.

In the future, once new changes are introduced (from transformations in technology), is when there will be new policies implemented. During this process, everyone will have to go through a new course that will explain these guidelines. After they have finished, is when they will sign another disclosure document.

If the kind of approach was used by employers, it will help to avoid many of the legal challenges that are impacting firms. This is because executives are taking the Iowa Supreme Court guidelines and are going beyond them. In the event that they are sued, the firm can demonstrate that they are doing above what is required (when it comes to these challenges). It is at this point, that an employer can strike a balance between monitoring the activities of staff members and protecting their…… [Read More]

Privacy Does Not Love an Explores Darkness

Privacy" Does Not Love an explores darkness lurking beneath dom

James Adcox's novel Love Does Not is many things; a dystopian fantasy, a biting satire, a tale about the perversity of love. Yet it is also a scathing social commentary about the state of privacy in the world today -- and in America in particular -- in the wake of the burgeoning War on Terror. Beneath the undercurrent of sex, intrigue, and murder, lies a pervasive sense of espionage and an abandonment of the right of individuals to enjoy basic civil liberties such as privacy. When interpreted with this perspective, the novel is one in which characters and scenes are carefully constructed to illustrate the gradual eroding of the very laws that were initially formed to guarantee autonomy and an egalitarian, republican state as envisioned by the Founding Fathers. There are a number of salient similarities between these characters and…… [Read More]

Privacy for High School Students

Internet: Privacy for High School Students

An Analysis of Privacy Issues and High School Students in the United States Today

In the Age of Information, the issue of invasion of privacy continues to dominate the headlines. More and more people, it seems, are becoming victims of identity theft, one of the major forms of privacy invasion, and personal information on just about everyone in the world is available at the click of a mouse. In this environment, can anyone, especially high school students, reasonably expect to have any degree of privacy? High school students, after all, are not protected by many of the same constitutional guarantees as adults, but their needs for privacy may be as great, or greater, than their adult counterparts. To determine what measure of privacy, if any, high schools students can expect at home and school today, this paper provides an overview of the issue of…… [Read More]

Privacy Protection in E-Commerce Websites Information Integrity

Integrity: Privacy Protection in e-Commerce Websites

Privacy Protection in e-Commerce Websites

Back in the 90s, websites were more or less digital brochures that did little more than serve their registered users with monthly electronic newsletters. Today, however, websites are powerful and complex information platforms that not only store and process data, but also allow for the sharing of information across a wide range of online platforms. We share personal data on these websites, and unfortunately, the same passes on to numerous other parties, compromising our own security as well as that of our families in the process. The situation is even worse in the case of e-commerce websites. Whilst they have made shopping a whole lot easier by bringing specialty retail within a few clicks, they have also sprawled up opportunities for thieves who now find it a whole lot easier to obtain personal information and credit card numbers from…… [Read More]

Privacy Protection Commenting on the

Confab, however, is an architecture that is able to bypass these limitations and combine both approaches. It is limited, though, and a true pervasive environment calls for complex p… [Read More]

Privacy Violations and Malpractice at the Okc VA Medical Center

Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

Today, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) operates the nation's largest healthcare system through the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), including 152 medical centers (VAMCs), 800 community-based outpatient clinics and numerous state-based domiciliaries and nursing home care units (About VA, 2016). As the second-largest cabinet agency in the federal government, the VA's budget exceeds the State Department, USAID, and the whole of the intelligence community combined) with more than $60 billion budgeted for VHA healthcare (Carter, 2016). One of the VHA's largest medical centers that provides tertiary healthcare services to eligible veteran patients is the Oklahoma City VA Medical Center (OKC VAMC) in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Like several other VAMCs, the OKC VAMC has recently been implicated in a system-wide scandal concerning inordinately lengthy patient waiting times and misdiagnoses which may have contributed to the deaths of some veteran patients and jeopardized…… [Read More]

Privacy and Surveillance

Blog

Bennett, Jessica. "Should Facebook Ban Sexist Pages?"

Misogyny is alive and well online; the Internet provides just another forum in which bigots can express their views. In "Should Facebook Ban Sexist Pages," Jessica Bennett (http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/11/05/should-facebook-ban-sexist-pages-the-reality-of-misogyny-online.html) suggests that female bloggers can control the discourse by raising awareness about the presence of misogyny and working to correct the underlying social problems that spawn it in the first place. In many online forums, misogynists can hide behind the cloak of anonymity that the Internet provides. Even when identities are exposed, as on Facebook, sexism remains rampant. As Bennett puts it, "Facebook is just a newer version of the same old problem," (p. 2).

While Bennett fails to effectively address the central question she poses in the title of her blog post, other authors tackle the subject well. For instance, Brendan O'Neill of The Telegraph (http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/brendanoneill2/100115868/the-campaign-to-stamp-out-misogyny-online-echoes-victorian-efforts-to-protect-women-from-coarse-language/) accuses all those who would view censorship…… [Read More]

Privacy Concerns Regarding DNA

DNA Fingerprinting

The subject of DNA fingerprinting has become a prominent issue on several fronts. The applicable paradigms involved include law enforcement, privacy concerns and immigration, just to name a few. A few questions and concerns about DNA will be included in this repot including what precisely DNA fingerprinting is, how it is done, the step-by-step methods of fingerprinting, how DNA is compared on an electrophoresis (EPG), what precisely EPG is, whether the author of this report agrees with DNA fingerprinting everyone for medical reasons, why DNA is considered potential evidence in a court of law and whether the author of this report aggress with the government wanting to DNA-fingerprint everyone so that they can learn about disease propensity and other pieces of information. While DNA fingerprinting has and will continue to render a large amount of benefit, the privacy and other rights of people to be fingerprinted are a…… [Read More]

Privacy and Ethics in Medical Testing

Ethics

Incidental findings are fairly common in the course of medical testing, occurring in around one-third of all tests (Ofri, no date). Yet, the medical field is torn about what the ethical implications of such findings are. In particular, it can be difficult to determine whether reporting such findings is important, and therefore medical practice seeks to establish a threshold of what should and should not be reported. This particular finding, that the son is not the biological son of the father, does not appear to be medically relevant. First, it is not relevant to the question at hand, which is whether the people in the family have the marker for Huntington's Disease. The child could or could not, and his parentage is not relevant to that question. Second, who is or is not his biological father is not a matter of medical health, and especially not an immediate matter.…… [Read More]

Privacy Restrictions on Use of Patient Data

Clinical Activity: Maintaining Alignment to Legal Changes

Policy and Procedures on Information System

My organization's priorities are maintaining the confidentiality of patients and also protecting the organization as a whole from any security impingements. All information is password-protected with strong passwords requiring six characters or more, at least one capital letter and one lower case letter, a number and a symbol of some kind. Passwords are also regularly changed. There is also an additional level of screening with security questions.

Employees are prohibited from using their work email address to conduct personal business. All work emails are monitored to ensure that employees do not disclose private data of patients, work passwords, or open up potentially corrupted files that could damage the system. Mobile devices must likewise be secured and data must only be accessed on secured networks. All employees are prohibited from disclosing any private data about patients with any…… [Read More]

Information Age Has Created Privacy Problems for All Citizens

Privacy in the Information Age

Privacy has never been as problematic an issue as it has been as a result of the information age. Because of lightning fast developments in information systems and technology, the mere use of a password has long ceased to be sufficient to ensure privacy when using the computer. Similarly information systems are used for surveillance of citizens while on any expedition outside of their home, from shopping to vacations. A combination of satellite and computer technology thus creates a large amount of privacy problems rather than providing the security they are promoted for.

According to Hoffman and Carreiro (1997), the right to privacy entails the right to be left alone. This right includes the right to freedom from intrusive actions such as wiretapping, unnecessary surveillance and mail interception. In the information age this right has to be respected in terms of computer technology as well.…… [Read More]

US Obligation to Privacy

Privacy & Civil Liberties

needs to communicate goals to the American public that include protecting the nation against threats to national security, ensuring the safety of citizens, friends, allies, and nations with cooperative relationships (Clarke, 2013). Promote national security and foreign policy interests, including counterintelligence, counteracting, and international elements of organized crime. Protect the right to privacy. Protect democracy, civil liberties, and the rule of law, eliminating excessive surveillance and unjustified secrecy. Promote prosperity, security, and openness in a networked world adopting and sustaining policies that support technological innovation globally and establish and strengthen international norms of Internet freedom and security. Protect strategic alliances that preserve and strengthen strategic relationships, protect those relationships, and recognize the importance of 'cooperative relationships'.

The U.S. government must protect national security and personal privacy that includes Fourth Amendment rights. Risk management should involve the rights to privacy, freedom and liberties on the internet and…… [Read More]

A Concise Analysis of Privacy in the Workplace

Privacy in the Workplace

The importance of privacy has risen over the years and its handling has become extremely crucial lately. Defaulting organisations have been faced with serious legal actions and thus, companies have taken a higher interest in the conversations of their workforce. However, this effort of the employer aimed at monitoring the activities of workers isn't as smooth as it should be due to the right of the employee to personal privacy.

The right of the workers to workplace privacy has caused several court cases recently, mostly due to the digital revolution of business communication i.e. emails, memos etc. Technological developments have made it possible for all form of digital communication as well as Internet use in the workplace to be placed under surveillance. Although employees have their reservations about this, the employers are protected by the law. However, other actions of the workers like confidential discussions and…… [Read More]

PHI Security and Privacy

PHI Security and Privacy

Privacy and security is significant for any institution operating under offices because of clients, which prompts for the need of protecting the flowing information. In the context of a hospital, there is need for protecting the client's information in order to assure them of their privacy and security. Privacy is always important when attending to the clients since it provides an environment where the latter can open up to their doctors. Privacy refers to what the protected; information about the patient and the determination of the personalities permitted to use while security refer to the way of safeguarding the information through ensuring privacy to information (Rodrigues, 2010). The patients also need security because of the inevitability of serene environment for their recovery. Even though St. John's hospital presents good strategies in terms of their sound policies, this is not enough in ensuring confidentiality in the information…… [Read More]

Employee Privacy Torts

Employee Privacy Torts

History of Employee Privacy

Changing Trends of Employee Privacy

Impact of Innovative Technology on Employee Privacy

Role of Social Media towards Employee Privacy

Impact of Changing Community/Society on Employee Privacy

Adaptation to the new Environment pertaining to Employee Privacy

Employee Monitoring and Surveillance

Laws and Employer Policies for Text Messaging and Social Media

Electronic Communication Privacy Act

Monitoring of Employee Conversations over Telephone & Email

Recommendations for creating Effective Policies

Future Implications of Employee Privacy

As years have passed and the human race has penetrated into the epoch of twenty first century, the technological advancements have conquered almost every facet of human life, especially the workplace. The widespread platform of the internet has become the integral part of a person's life, in the same manner as businesses are employing technological advancements to perform numerous activities like internet infrastructure, maintenance of computers and so on. It means that…… [Read More]

Employee Privacy Torts

Employee Privacy Torts

Issues relating to employee privacy have been at the forefront of businesses for many years. This has been fuelled by the dynamic workplace which changes constantly and also by employees and employers being more litigation-conscious. Technology has also spurred on employee privacy issues with e-mail and the internet being related to heightened concerns about vulnerability of employers to litigation. Many employers have thus exacerbated their concerns relating to employee privacy and especially monitoring of employee behavior. Employee privacy is respected in many of the large corporations. However, there still exist some breaches in employee privacy. Small business owners are at most risk as a result of their increased monitoring practices and close employer-employee interaction.

Historical background

Roberson v. Rochester Folding Box Company

One of the major cases that brought employee privacy to the limelight was Roberson v. Rochester Folding Box Company

Franklin Mills Co. decided to appeal…… [Read More]

Right to Privacy Being a Citizen of

Right to Privacy

Being a citizen of the United States comes with many benefits in comparison to citizenship in other countries. Through the U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights we are granted certain rights -- the right to free speech, freedom of religion, freedom of the press, and freedom of assembly -- just to name a few. However, despite the 27 amendments the Bill of Rights that guarantee American protections and liberties, there is no explicit law that guarantees protection to a citizen's right to privacy (Davis, 2009). It is more of an assumed protection, although most Americans do not realize it.

In 1928, Associate Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis referred to the right to privacy as the "right to be left alone" (De Bruin, 2010). This assertion is often supported with a citation of the 14th amendment which states: "No State shall make or enforce any law which…… [Read More]

Consumer's Privacy Bill of Rights

This is achieved by forcing them to maintain a list of individuals who do not wish to be conducted about purchasing a variety of products and services. Furthermore, these protections were enacted to ensure that businesses are not engaging in tactics that are abusive by limiting the times when they can call and what they can say. (Caudill, 2000)

In contrast with the Consumer Privacy Bill of Rights, the proposed regulations are designed to enhance protections. This is occurring over the Internet vs. On the telephone. These differences are showing how there is a loop hole in existing regulations as to how these laws are applied. The new guidelines are building upon the provisions from the Telephone Consumer Protections Act of 1991 by establishing procedures as to the way confidential information is used and collected from firms. This is occurring is through placing limits on an organization's online activities. ("Consumer…… [Read More]

Availability and Portability vs Privacy

Portability vs. Privacy

Electronic Medical Records (EMR) refers to the digital version of papers containing all the medical history of a patient. EMRs are mostly applied in healthcare institutions for treatment and diagnosis.

Benefits of Electronic Medical Records

The following are some of the benefits associated with electronic medical records (Thede, 2010). EMRs are more efficient than paper records because they encourage providers to:

Track patient's data over time

Spot clients who are due for screening and preventive visits

Conduct patient monitoring to measure their parameters including blood pressure and vaccinations

Improve the overall quality of service provision in the practice

Electronic medical records store information in a manner that makes it impossible for outsiders to access. It might be necessary to print patients' medical records and delivered through the mail to other health care members or specialists.

HIPAA Regulations and EMR

The federal government passed the Health Insurance Portability…… [Read More]

Health Information Privacy Legislation the Relevance of

Health Information Privacy Legislation

The relevance of protecting the personal health information of the residents of Prince Edward Island (PEI) cannot be overstated. Towards that end, I propose that you introduce legislation that would protect as well as limit access to the individually identifiable health information of residents of the province. Such legislation should ideally address who can have access to or receive a consumer's health information. As you may already know, in Canada, the privacy of consumers "is protected at the federal level by the Privacy Act…and the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA)" (Kristoffersson, Schmidtke and Cassiman, 2010). Prince Edward Island (PEI) unlike other provinces in Canada has no health privacy legislation in place.

In basic terms, patient privacy according to Kirch (2008) "is the right and desire of a person to control the disclosure of personal health information." With no health information privacy legislation in…… [Read More]

Staffing Privacy Staffing and Privacy

Wiegele indicates that "employers often wish to know whether they are entitled to contact an applicant's references and what obligations they may have in this regard. With respect to obtaining consent to contact such references, it is accepted that an applicant who lists references on a job application or resume is implicitly consenting to a prospective employer contacting and obtaining information from those references. Similarly, it is generally accepted that an applicant who lists former employers is deemed to be giving consent to have those employers contacted for references." (Wiegele, p. 3)

Conclusion:

This speaks to the fundamental condition in the relationship between employer and prospective employee. The latter must make available willingly certain information that would otherwise be considered private and protected. This is part and parcel to the process of attempting to gain employment and provides the prospective employer with avenues to determine the suitability of the individual…… [Read More]

Employee Privacy Rights in the Workplace

privacy in the workplace encourages contempt.

Legitimate Limits

Economic reasons for supervision.

Reasons of inter-employee, and employee-customer safety.

Reasons of performance.

Definition of excessive supervision/invasion of privacy.

Examples of excessive supervision/invasions of privacy.

Legal consequences/ramifications.

Effects of legal yet employee-perceived insufficient privacy.

Effects on performance

Effects on Morale

Possible psychological/health effects

Ultimate Employee Contempt results from:

Illegal/unethical supervision and invasion of privacy.

Legal yet excessive supervision/surveillance or what employees view as excessive invasion of privacy.

Conclusion: Employees view invasion of privacy with contempt that transfers to contempt for employers and supervisors.

Employer Surveillance, Lack of Privacy and Employee Contempt

In today's modern age, employers across the board have begun to resort to increasingly invasive methods to monitor the performance and behavior of their employees. Previously a realm of banks and retail establishments, employee monitoring has become the norm in most large and many small businesses -- aimed at everything from…… [Read More]

Ethics of Privacy Is a

This information, stored on a computer and used to correlate with other data could be considered invaluable by many researchers, but the patients have a right to keep certain information private, and to suggest anything else would be an ethical violation of the patient's privacy.

Because computer ethics is such a volatile issue, an entire branch of study has grown up around computer ethics, which proponents who believe the computer age caused these ethical issues, and others who believe these issues would have surfaced anyway. One of the proponents of computer ethics, who actually was the first to teach the concept, Walter Maner, from Old Dominion University, is a proponent of the computer creating brand new ethical issues. An expert quotes Maner, "For all of these issues, there was an essential involvement of computing technology. Except for this technology, these issues would not have arisen, or would not have arisen…… [Read More]

Geolocation Technology and Privacy Issues

Geolocation of the user based on the user's Internet protocol (IP) address. Location-based service companies that specialize in identity protection use this approach, and IP addresses, blocks of IP addresses and credit card billing addresses can all be used to develop a location profile.

2. Personal computer/web browser identification examines the hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) browser header and other information from the user's computer or device, and compares them to what are expected. This approach compares the time expected from a user's originating geolocation with the actual timestamp that was applied to the information (Malphrus, 2009).

Taken together, these trends in geolocation technologies indicate that like it or not, consumers will increasingly be subjected to situations in which their precise geolocation is known and broadcast to others who may want to use this information for illegal or unethical purposes and these issues are discussed further below.

Legal Implications of Geolocation…… [Read More]

Employee Privacy Business Report the

This could be construed as a part of the atmosphere that exists in the work place. At which point, entity / individual can sue the employer for violating the law, by not properly monitoring their employees' email and internet activities. ("Workplace Privacy and Employee Monitoring" 2010)

However, a larger concern that employers have is any email sent to someone by an employee can become a problem for them in the future. Where, an employee may tell a customer something in an email, then delete it and deny they said anything. The problem for the employer is that email correspondence can be retrieved later on, after the person has deleted the email. This can be used as evidence that the company knowingly knew what was occurring, because of the email record. If there were any kind of laws broken, law enforcement has a right to view all email correspondence with a…… [Read More]

Employee Privacy Balancing Employee Privacy

This will prevent visitation to illicit websites such as pornographic and gambling websites; prevent usage of ecommerce sites such as Amazon or Ebay; or to prevent the use of general recreational or social sites such as Facebook and Myspace. Other companies may elect, with all legal protection, to prevent any web navigation beyond those sites which are essential to conducting business.

Why do companies implement e-mail and Internet use policies?

Most companies determine to use such monitoring policies based on the calculated view that the loss of privacy will promote greater workplace efficiency by discouraging inappropriate use of company resources and time. Among the reasons supplied for using email and web-use monitoring, the text by iBrief (2001) offers the needs to preserve the company's professional reputation, the maintenance of employee productivity, preventing sexual harassment or cyberstalking, preventing defamation, preventing illegal company disclosure and preventing copyright infringement. (iBrief, 1)

What assumptions…… [Read More]

Email Privacy in the Workplace

The courts have basically given businesses cart blanc with regard to the monitoring of what their employees say and do in their work email as well as on their work computers, even when they sign in to private web-based email accounts for private transmissions, as such events can be recorded by employers, as the computer being used has been designated by the courts as the domain of the employer to be used by the employee only for the purpose of legitimate business commerce.

Though there are still a limited number of court cases that document the firing of employees, as legitimate on the grounds of their use of employee computers to engage in non-work related communications, they do exists and they are being determined in the favor of the employer. These cases will likely serves as a bridge that will continue to severely limit the "privacy" of individuals, i.e. clearly…… [Read More]

Consumer Privacy Regulations and Ethics

Conger, 2009).

Recommendations for Organizations

The many factors of data mining and their use for profiling customers and their needs also create opportunities for organizations to build greater levels of trust with their customers as well. And trust is the greatest asset any marketer can have today. The following are a series of recommendations for how organizations can address demographic influences that impact their marketing strategies in light of concerns surrounding the ethics of data mining.

First, it is imperative, across all demographic segments that marketers make a deliberate a very clear effort to explain their opt-in and opt-out policies and also provides evidence that they do what they claim to in this area. The greatest challenge for the consumer is controlling their personal information online and ensuring it is well managed to their preferences (Pratt. Conger, 2009). Marketers who give consumer control over their data in this way will…… [Read More]

Health Care Law Privacy and

S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2011). Furthermore, subpart C explains the privileges and the protections of confidentiality that is attached to the patient's record along with much exception (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2011).

The penalty for anyone who breaks confidentiality is imperative. In "November, 23, 2009" was increased to $11,000 (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2011). This goes for anyone in the medical field or has access to this information. A person has to follow HIPAA precisely or face a huge fine. If one thought of this ahead of time, whether or not they own a business, then no issues would arise legally. However, sometimes this does occur, especially for those who want to harm another person, yet in the medical field the goal is not to do this to any individual, regardless, otherwise he or she could face losing their license in…… [Read More]

Email Privacy Times Change and'so Do

Email Privacy

Times change and so do social institutions. When the laws protecting our privacy were originally drafted there was not even the notion of email. Such a concept was so futuristic as to be well beyond the most imaginative of the Founding Fathers. Today, however, emails have become a regular course of communication between members of society and, as such, they deserve attention. Do they fall within our expectation of privacy or does their digital nature make them automatically public?

The legal case that brought this issue to the forefront was that of a young marine, Lance Corporal Justin Ellsworth of Michigan (Chambers, 2009). Ellsworth was killed in action in Iraq in 2004 but prior to his death he had written emails to this family and friends. After his death, his family requested the email provider, Yahoo, to grant them access to Ellsworth's account but Yahoo refused to honor…… [Read More]

Employee Handbook Privacy Section ABC Widget Company

Employee Handbook Privacy Section

ABC Widget Company: Employee Handbook Privacy Section

What privacy rights issues should be addressed?

In the Age of Information, there are increasing concerns being voiced about what can legitimately be expected to be kept private, and how these issues affect employees' rights in the workplace. According to Hayden, Hendricks and Novak (1990, most adults spend approximately one-half of their waking hours in the workplace today, and it is therefore not surprising that employment practices affect a broad range of privacy rights. With the sole exception of polygraph ("lie-detector") testing, there are not many areas of workplace activities that are addressed by the U.S. Constitution or national privacy laws. As a result, employers in the United States have a great deal of flexibility in collecting data on their employees, regulating their access to personnel files, and disclosing the contents of employee files to those outside the organization.…… [Read More]

Poblic Policy Privacy the Matter

This does not mean that the government is willingly misusing the information, but that, due to numerous forces, the data collected could end up in the wrong hands and hurt the American individual and community. This is often possible due to the complexity of the it system storing the data base, but also the rich imagination of internet pirates (Electronic Frontier Foundation, 2007). The matters of privacy violation have become a highly debated issue, with multiple implications. To the society, it could mean even chaos, when considering that the private data fall into the hands of thieves who use it to steal, blackmail and control the members of society. Then, was such a situation to occur, the image and good intentions of the government would be severely affected. The business community would also take a major hit if its transactions and internal affairs became public or entered in the possession…… [Read More]

Technology and Privacy Advancements in

Based on this information, supermarkets can highlight certain areas of their floor space over others. The supermarkets can thus charge higher prices for the more premium spaces, giving suppliers a choice of where to park their products.

This practice is a win situation for supermarkets, allowing them to meet their duties to their stockholders and their employees. In fact, any increased earnings from the premium display places can be passed on to customers in the form of savings as well. Thus, it can be argued that the use of premium display areas can allow a supermarket to cater more efficiently to the needs of its customers, as well as its employees.

It is important to note that the use of premium space does not deny customers one of their most important rights in a supermarket - the right to make an informed choice. This paper has argued that given the…… [Read More]

Civil Rights -- Privacy vs

They would subsequently call them at home, leave literature and fetus dolls at their door, and even call families and distant relatives of the patients to inform them of the patients' plans to ask them to intercede. The Pro-Life advocates argued that they were lawfully exercising their right of free speech on public property (such as across the street fro doctors' offices) to verbally attack patients by name as they exercise their equally important right to personal physical autonomy under the recognized privacy penumbras.

The Value of the Legal Approach Suggested by the Article

The Yale Law Journal article (Clapman, 2003) explained various ways that the general right of free speech is limited by more important privacy rights. For example, truth is ordinarily an affirmative defense to defamation. However, existing law already recognizes that certain statements, despite being truthful, serve no valid purpose besides injuring another person, such as by…… [Read More]

Internet Profiling and Privacy This

Ethics is an essential part of the individual condition. As an important person who starts up a large business as well as deals on a daily basis with other corporation at all arena of expansion so basically business ethics is lively and glowing plus hotly chat about in boardrooms all over the world. Furthermore for the majority of administration and boards know their accountability goes well beyond periodical results. These corporations consist of one component of a much larger arena that has lost its cooperative acceptance for unprincipled actions. Moreover, if an individual is in scripting copy and keeping a client's electronic business or electronic commerce website think about the consumer confidentiality and legal issues which includes publishing and copywriting for a customer is an evidence of how they are out looked to the rest of the earth. pessimistic or offensive piece of writing published as regards a variety of…… [Read More]

Online Privacy and E-Commerce

E-Commerce

A fresh channel of distributing personal information has been opened up by the internet. It is now the fastest developing electronic means of communication the world has ever seen. For instance, in the U.S. after the widespread use of electricity nearly 46 years later only 30% of American homes had access to electricity and almost 38 years elapsed before 30% of households had telephones with only 17% enjoying television. For a period of only 7 years another 30% had internet connection and after 5 years of exponential growth there was rapid expansion of fresh internet connection. More than five million Americans joined the communication superhighway in the first quarter of the year 2000 which translates into about 55,000 fresh users daily (Selis, Ramasasty, Kim, & Smith, 2003).

The quick spread and development of the internet has both pros and cons. The technological growth that makes it possible to get…… [Read More]

Harmony History Shopping & Digital Privacy Harmony

Harmony, History, Shopping & Digital Privacy

HARMONY, HISTORY, SHOPPING

Growing numbers of people are turning to online access for a number of rather ordinary activities. And increasingly they are learning that in doing so they are becoming involved in a world of business and to some extent deception that is at best built on a rather fragile foundation of trust and market forces. We have known for some time that as users of the virtual universe of opportunities, we are sharing with others information about us and what we want. But the extent to which this information is otherwise being used has been left in the hands of a relatively unguarded concept of openness and honesty. We seem to like the idea of putting ourselves out in the world to see what happens of its own accord, no matter whether we are looking for love, our family's past or good…… [Read More]

Genetic Privacy Can We or

" This category of identifiers, is however, weak. There are apparently a list of indicators such as name and address that have to be removed from the database in order to use the DNA evidence without notifying the person. When these markers are removed, the evidence is considered public. Yet there are potentials for those markers to resurface and privacy can never be ensured. Even though Angrist is in favor of a public pool of DNA evidence for the lofty goals of science, he agrees, "de-identification is increasingly difficult." It is becoming hard to disconnect names, dates, and places from the hemoglobin and RNA. Science appreciates access to DNA because it can link certain traits with others and thereby advance scientific knowledge.

Although it is important to protect a person's privacy regarding DNA, it is too difficult to do so given the rampant greed in the biomedical industry and the…… [Read More]

E-Commerce and Privacy

E-Commerce and Privacy

Internet security has become a big issue because post people use it, at least in some capacity, and there are many unscrupulous people also who would love to profit from the security lapses of web sites. Since this is a factor in whether a web business can make money, it is just as important for the site as it is for the customer to make sure that an individual site is secure. Following is a description of an internet site security system designed to keep visitors from being defrauded and an evaluation of the security of four web sites which should have great security protocols.

For a web site to be secure, the security measures should be transparent. A user should be able to see what is there to protect them even if they do not understand what the measures are or how they work (Ackerman &…… [Read More]

Data Security and Privacy

Security and Privacy

Five Central Concerns About Data Security and Privacy

The five central concerns about data security and privacy that are the most common in personal and business use of computers are presented in this paper. Password security, the need companies have to keep their employees up-to-date with security training, and defining checks and balances to make sure information is not compromised are the three most important according to research. Website security and giving website users the option of defining privacy settings are also very important (Casal, Flavian, Guinaliu, 2007).

Five Central Concerns About Data Security and Privacy

The most common way a computer system is broken into is when a hacker, thief or dishonest person gets a password and uses it to get unauthorized information. Passwords are often very simple, with "123" or "password" being used the most often. This is why many security training programs will always…… [Read More]

Biometric Information Systems and Privacy

The truth of the matter is the biometric templates for identity enrolment that are stored on a server are not in the real since images rather they are mathematical representations of the data points that the biometric algorithm is able to extract from the scanned fingerprint, finger vein, palm vein or iris. The identifying template is a binary file that has a series of zeros and ones. The algorithm then uses the template in a positive way for the identification of an individual during subsequent fingerprint scans. Therefore it is safe to say that no image is ever stored or even transmitted across any network. Furthermore, the algorithms are usually one way-based meaning that it is impossible for the recreation of the original biometric image when a template has been extracted. It is hence nearly impossible to reverse engineer the data that has been set to positively identify an individual…… [Read More]

Security Privacy in Health Care the Protection

Security Privacy

In health care, the protection of confidential patient information is an important key in to addressing critical issues and safeguarding the privacy of the individual. To provide more guidance are federal guidelines such as: the Health Care Insurance Affordability and Accountability Act (HIPPA). On the surface, all facilities are supposed to have procedures in place for discarding these kinds of materials. ("Summary of HIPPA Privacy Rule," 2102)

In the case of St. John's Hospital, they have become known for establishing practices of innovation (which go above and beyond traditional safety standards). Yet, at the same time, there are no critical internal controls governing how this information is thrown away. What most executives are concentrating on: is meeting these objectives from an external stakeholder perspective.

This is creating problems inside the facility, as the custodial staff able to go through the garbage and read this information. The reason why,…… [Read More]

Employee Privacy Avoid Liability Invasion Privacy Essay

Employee Privacy

Avoid liability invasion privacy Essay Question: List discuss ways employers avoid liability invasion privacy. Essay 350 words length APA format. There -text citation essay.

List and discuss different ways employers can avoid liability for invasion of privacy

Employers often justify intrusions into employee privacy based upon safety concerns: concerns about jeopardizing the health of the public can be used to allow drug and alcohol tests. Even lifestyle habits may be restricted, based upon the additional healthcare costs they can incur employers. Weight restrictions may be allowed if maintaining a certain weight is a safety hazard at some jobs, which is why "49 states allow weight standards that do not violate the ADA" (Bennett-Alexander & Hartman 2009: 682). Dating employees or the employees of a competitor business and moonlighting at another organization (which could reveal trade secrets or result in employees working too many hours to be productive) may…… [Read More]

Factsheet on Location Privacy in Pervasive Computing

Location Privacy in Pervasive Computing

Lab workers wore bats (small mobile devices with radio transceivers and ultrasonic transmitters) to provide position information to location-aware applications and colleagues in the lab. * The strong correlation between entry and exit motion is not modeled in anonymity sets. Per Shannon's1 definition of maximal entropy, only when all the members of an anonymity set are of interest to the observer, anonymity set size is a good measure of anonymity. *If all elements are equiprobable, for a set size of n, a log2 n bits of information is needed to identify one element.

Modeling user movements can show the anonymity level offered by the mix zone. Knowledge encoded in a movement matrix enables an observer to make a "guess" about user activity superior to the accuracy that can be achieved through a random choice. The identity of users is expressible as a conditional probability of…… [Read More]

Teaching and Privacy and Public

Even when information should be shared with other educators and/or administrators, however, this does not mean that the information should become a part of general or public knowledge (Omstein & Levine 2007). Again, the risk of stigmatizing the student or in some way calling their development into question is quite high in certain circumstances, and even in the most mundane of instances other parents and non-educators might attempt to exert undue influence over another student's placement based on rumors or knowledge obtained through a lapse in privacy protection. This ultimately takes the power of decision making out of the teachers' and administrators' hands; instead of leaving the information and the decisions to those trained and equipped to handle them, breaching the privacy rights of students could potentially lead to a sort of mob rule of the schools, where the loudest voices make the decisions.

This is, of course, an extreme…… [Read More]

Right to Privacy on Businesses

(Samson, 2005, citing NY CPLR 4548 and Cal. Evid. Code 917 (b)) This means that the rationale behind the ruling was not limited to, or based solely in the attorney-client relationship. The court stated that employee awareness was the issue. The dominant considerations were if the corporation maintained a policy banning personal or other objectionable uses of e-mail, explicitly monitored the use of the employee's computer or e-mail, claimed a right of access to the computer or e-mails, or notified the employee, of the use of monitoring policies, all of which would diminish his or her expectations of privacy. (Samson, 2005) in this case, ACG did not demonstrably enforce any of these measures. This meant employees had a right to assume they were engaged in a private and thus privileged communication with their attorneys.

Given this ruling, it is likely that in the future, corporations that wish to have access…… [Read More]

Personal Privacy Threats the Various

trackedinamerica.org.

Some of the violations of civil and human rights that have resulted for the PA include "aggressive deportations, crackdowns at borders, surveillance of mosques and homes...destroyed livelihoods, splintered families and the loss of a sense of belonging and citizenship," the group asserts on their Web site. Moreover, many peace activists, demonstrators at anti-war rallies, animal-rights groups, student organizations, and critics of the U.S. policy towards Cuba, have been monitored and added to FBI and CIA databases as potential "enemies of America."

ID CHIPS: An article in ABA Journal (Tebo, 2006) points out that employees of some companies are being asked to have ID chips implanted in their arms so their employers "can monitor their movements," Tebo writes. And while the company that is using these ID chips, (www.CityWatcher.com) can rightly say absolute security is pivotal to their customers, many experts, the article continues, "worry that the law is not…… [Read More]

Employee Privacy Since the 1992

Employers may unequivocally monitor any message that utilizes company-provided email" (Sherman, 2007, pg. 649). Problems arise when the employer attempts other methods monitoring as Sherman notes; "The law is not clear, however, when an employer accesses an employee's webmail" (Sherman, pg. 649). Similar to the Deal v Spears case, the employer must take certain precautions in order to secure the right of monitoring. Many companies have developed policies and guidelines that are communicated to the employee in order to meet those requirements, but there are plenty of employee rights organizations that worry about infringement of employee privacy.

As technology can afford anonymity so to can it provide evidence that see through such anonymity. Thomas Jefferson once wrote; "Laws and institutions must go hand in hand with the progress of the human mind. As that becomes more developed, more enlightened, as new discoveries are made... And opinions change with the change…… [Read More]

Homeland Security and the Privacy of the Citizens

Patriot Act also has the ability to strip the American public of their basic rights to privacy. The Patriot Act allows easy access to financial records, pen registers and trap-trace devices could be installed on personal computers and telephones, and student records can be accessed without consent of the school (Unpatriotic Acts). These unregulated powers are guaranteed by the Patriot Act in three amendments. These three amendments include the Title III, the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA), and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) (The U.S.A. PATRIOT Act). They allow the government to search through private records in the interest of "national security." As result of these three amendments, thousands of immigrants in the United States have been detained and interrogated based upon their religions. Many of these immigrants, as in some cases, even American citizens, have been in federal military custody for months at a time while their backgrounds…… [Read More]

Ethics Privacy Rights in the

However, that was not an option, and it points to the rigidity of the corporation and its rules.

Harrah's defense of their policy is utilitarian in its outlook and its purpose. It stresses utility (beauty) over values or concerns of personal beliefs and personal privacy. A Harrah's spokesman for the "Personal Best" program noted, "Harrah's customers, people who are loyal to the Harrah's brand name, expect a certain quality of product, a certain quality hotel room, quality of food, and, yes, a certain quality in the appearance of the people who are serving them food and beverages'" (Chmela). It seems this stance is both rigid and extremely discriminatory against female employees, where a different appearance level is required. The policy does not require male beverage employees to wear makeup or style their hair, and it does not allow any flexibility in the policy. Harrah's only purpose is to create a…… [Read More]