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Product life cycle is the different stages of a product's life. The stages are introduction, growth, maturity and decline (QuickMBA, 2010). The marketing decisions will vary depending on which stage of the life cycle the product is in. The self-driving car will be in the introductory life cycle phase when it is launched. During this stage a number of things occur. The brand must be developed and introduced to the market. The distribution strategy must be determined. Promotion should be aimed at early adopters during this phase. In addition, the pricing structure may incorporate elements of either skimming or penetration pricing (QuickMBA, 2010).
The self-driving car is expected to move slowly through the introduction stage of the product life cycle into the growth stage. The reason the pace of this movement is expected to be slow relates to the fact that the technology is revolutionary. Consumer acceptance of the technology…
Works Cited:
eHow. (2011). Product life cycle in technology. eHow Money. Retrieved April 30, 2011 from http://www.ehow.com/about_5472559_product-life-cycle-technology.html
QuickMBA. (2010). Product life cycle. QuickMBA.com. Retrieved April 30, 2011 from
The manager's understanding of the product nature as well as its place on the cycle are essential to a complete understanding of the need to act or not act.
Product life cycles can vary considerably in terms of length. The steam locomotive made its debut in the early 19th century and disappeared from regular service in the UK towards the end of the 1960s. One can still, of course, find enthusiasts using them in the 21st century in the UK and there are parts of the world for example, Eastern Europe, Africa and China where the steam locomotive is still in regular commercial use. In contrast, some women's and men's clothes come in and out of vogue with amazing alacrity.
(Proctor 22)
Decisions are very important within the guide of the product life cycle, especially when the life cycle of the product can be perceived to be rather short, especially…
Works Cited
Proctor, Tony. Strategic Marketing: An Introduction. London: Routledge, 2000.
Swann, Peter, and Jas Gill. Corporate Vision and Rapid Technological Change: The Evolution of Market Structure. New York: Routledge, 1993.
Product Life Cycle of Voice-Activated Television
As the latest innovation in television technology, the advent of voice-activated technology represents a fundamental shift in the way consumers interact with their favorite products. ather than utilize a remote control to operate a device, owners of Television Inc.'s new voice-activated TV set will be able to change channels, adjust volume settings, record their favorite programs and search for upcoming events all through the instinctual act of telling the machine what they want to see. As the forerunner within an industrywide process of progressive segmentation, Television Inc. has positioned itself to capture a dominant share of the emerging voice-activated TV market, but the company must ensure that its new product is expertly facilitated through the Product Life Cycle. According to the prevailing research on product development and marketing, a product experiences several phases during its so-called life cycle including the Introduction, Growth, Maturity and…
References
Ostlin, J., Sundin, E., & Bjorkman, M. (2009). Product life-cycle implications for remanufacturing strategies. Journal of cleaner production, 17(11), 999-1009. Retrieved from http://liu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:18328/FULLTEXT01
Simon, M. (2010). Product Life Cycle Management. Longer Lasting Products: Alternatives to the Throwaway Society, 351.
This means that the company must be smart with its distribution, focusing on key retailers and channels to introduce the product to the public. There are exceptions, however. For a lot of consumer electronic products -- smartphones, for example -- companies prefer nationwide rollouts of new products through major telecom distributors. Such a strategy is often supported, however, with penetration pricing and extensive ad campaigns. For companies that cannot afford this, regional distribution or through specialty stores is often a first step during the introductory phase until some word of mouth has been built up to support the product.
Promotion is critical during the rollout phase. At this stage, most consumers are unaware that the product exists, so promotion needs to not only introduce the product, but explain where it fits into the competitive mix, its positive attributes, and convince the consumer to buy. Promotion levels can be very high…
Works Cited:
No author. (2012). Pricing strategies -- penetration pricing. Tutor2U.net. Retrieved February 24, 2012 from http://tutor2u.net/business/marketing/pricing_strategy_penetration.asp
QuickMBA. (2010). The product life cycle. QuickMBA.com. Retrieved February 24, 2012 from
Product Life Cycle Analysis
Products, like living creatures, have a specific life cycle. A product is born, it grows up, and eventually it dies. A product's birth is its creation -- the first moment that a brand new device or invention rolls off the assembly line and is made available to consumers. In the case of a color television, its life cycle would commence at the time a brand model first appears in the stores. If it is a well-designed product, and represents an improvement over previous versions, it will no doubt do well as it will appeal to consumers. The period during which a television "grow up" can be described as the interval of time between its initial appearance, and the time it takes for that product to "catch on," or establish itself. hen Sony introduces a new color television, that new television is like a newborn baby. The…
Works Cited
Long, John R. "The Ant and the Grasshopper." Aesop's Fables: The Online Collection: Star Systems 30 March 2002. URL: http://www.pacificnet.net/~johnr/cgi/aesop1.cgi?1& TheAntandtheGrasshopper& & antgrass.ram
Phiddian, Robert. "Have you eaten yet? The reader in 'A Modest Proposal.'." Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900 36.3 (1996): 603+. Questia. 1 May 2003 .
Prince, Gerald. Narrative as Theme: Studies in French Fiction. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1992.
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Promotion and the Product Life Cycle
The Product Life Cycle
Every product goes through a lifecycle of introduction, growth, maturity and decline (Cant, Strydom & Jooste, 2006). The introduction stage entails designing, developing, and launching the product to the target market. The growth stage is characterised by a rapid increase in sales and market share. At the maturity stage, the growth of sales starts to slow down. The slowdown may deteriorate, causing sales to decline. The product life cycle has important implications for marketing (Cant, Strydom & Jooste, 2006). Each stage often calls for a different marketing strategy. At the introduction stage, attention is paid to creating awareness and developing the market. The focus of marketing shifts at the growth stage, with attention being paid to creating brand preference and growing market share. This can be achieved by maintaining product quality and price, adding distribution channels, targeting a broader audience,…
References
Ang, L. (2014). Integrated marketing communications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cant, M., Strydom, M., & Jooste, C. (2006). Marketing management. 5th ed. Cape Town: Juta & Co. Ltd.
Vashisht, K. (2005). A practical approach to marketing management. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers.
Product Strategy
The development of a product strategy is one of the most important components of introducing new products into the market. A product strategy is defined as a roadmap that provides an outline of the end goal of a product and what it would become upon completion. Business organizations increasingly develop and utilize product strategies because of their significance in strategic planning and marketing with regards to the achievement of desired organizational goals and objectives. The formulation of a product strategy is also critical because products and services usually undergo a life cycle of new product introduction, growth, maturity and decline. The different stages in new product introduction have considerable impacts on the marketing strategy and promotional initiatives. An example of a product strategy is the introduction of a new software product in the market.
Product Life Cycle for a Software
Marcu & Gherman (2010) define product life cycle…
In developed or developing markets, more competition will exist, decreasing demand for the company's specific product and also increasing the marketing struggle, as brand loyalties and simple recognition will be higher for companies already established in the market (Foley 2010). Beginning entry into such a market with simple exporting is advisable, as it has reduced costs and lower risks than other entry methods (provided that manufacturing in the country of entry is more costly than manufacture at existing plants) (Foley 2010). Where less competition exists, other methods of entry can be developed that confer the advantages of early entry more quickly, generally with greater upfront costs but more profit potential in the long-term, assuming the business and its marketing efforts are run properly and efficiently (Foley 2010). These markets, especially in the relatively saturated world that exists today, might have strong cultural resistances to direct investment attempts, making joint ventures…
References
Foley, J. (2010). "Foreign market entry modes." Accessed 13 June 2010. http://www.quickmba.com/strategy/global/marketentry/
Linkedin.com. (2010). "Jet Import." Accessed 13 June 2010. http://www.linkedin.com/companies/jet-import
Sharp, G. (2010). "Joint ventures." Accessed 13 June 2010. http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/encyclopedia/Int-Jun/Joint-Ventures.html
VBM (2010). "Product life cycle." Accessed 13 June 2010. http://www.valuebasedmanagement.net/methods_product_life_cycle.html
Those points are inherent in the approach the company takes to integrating Computer-Aided Design (CAD) data into the broader series of systems and strategies used for constructing boats. The company is also open to taking design, boat interiors and hull style considerations from customers, consultants and dealers. This approach to capturing requirements is often called Voice of the Customer (VoC) research and is typically included as part of the Six Sigma program at manufacturers (osenbaum, Postula, 1991).
What kind of benefits are egal achieving by using CAD technology rather than traditional drafting techniques?
Using CAD technology can significantly reduce the time to transform a drawing into a prototype, drastically reducing the number of errors and also increasing the accuracy of bill-of-materials used for building the finished product (Vinodh, Kuttalingam, 2011). CAD systems can also streamline the new product introduction process, providing graphical 3D images of the boat even before it…
References
Rosenbaum, Eugene S., & Postula, Frank D.. (1991). Computer-Aided Engineering Integrates Product Development. American Association of Cost Engineers. Transactions of the American Association of Cost Engineers,D3.
Chong Leng Tan, & Mark A Vonderembse. (2006). Mediating effects of computer-aided design usage: From concurrent engineering to product development performance. Journal of Operations Management, 24(5), 494.
S. Vinodh, & D. Kuttalingam. (2011). Computer-aided design and engineering as enablers of agile manufacturing. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 22(3), 405-418.
Product Life Cycle
No matter the product, every product goes through what is known as the product life cycle. The stage of the cycle that a product is in dictates how much of a focus the product gets and what will happen going forward in terms of that product being added to, updated or even entirely replaced. The author of this report will speak of a fictional company with a fictional product. The marketing and business strategies for each stage of the product life cycle will be assessed. The organization itself will be assessed as well. While the length, depth and breadth of the product life cycle will vary a bit from product to product and from company to company, every company needs to know where their products are in the cycle and react accordingly.
Analysis
The fictional company that will be covered in this report is in the consumer…
References
Alexander, S. (2015). 4K TV and Ultra HD: Everything you need to know. TechRadar. Retrieved 23 October 2015, from http://www.techradar.com/us/news/television/ultra-hd-everything-you-need-to-know-about-4k-tv-1048954
Fowler, G. (2015). Why 2015 Is a Good Year to Buy a TV. WSJ. Retrieved 23 October 2015, from http://blogs.wsj.com/personal-technology/2015/01/06/why-2015-is-a-good-year-to-buy-a-tv/
Kokemuller, N. (2015). Longevity of Product Life Cycle. Small Business - Chron.com. Retrieved 23 October 2015, from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/longevity-product-life-cycle-18529.html
Kotler, P. (2013). Marketing management. Singapore: Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd.
1. Explain the pricing issues that concern marketers.The largest pricing issue that impacts marketers is related to competition. If marketers are marketing a product that can be easily copied or replicated, competitors can enter the market at a lower price to take market share. If this occurs, marketers must be able to position the value proposition of the product without consideration of price. Here, marketers must emphasize other features that justify the higher price point or that allows the product to simply maintain its price point. Luxury goods are typically able to do this by positioning the product as a exclusive, high-end, quality product. This ultimately allows the company to mitigate pricing pressure as consumers are attracted to the product due to its high price and exclusivity.2. Explain how price serves as a cue to quality.Price serves as a que for quality as higher priced products are often perceived as…
References
1. Abel, R. 1978. The role of costs and cost accounting in price determination. Management Accounting (April): 29-32.
2. Anderson, E. and D. Simester. 2003. Mind your pricing cues. Harvard Business Review (September): 96-103. (The effectiveness of sale signs, prices that end in 9, signpost items, and pricing guarantees).
PLC
Product Life Cycle
When we talk about the strongest multinational companies of the world then Nestle is definitely one of the names that triggers in everyone's mind. Nestle is the world's No.1 food manufacturing company. Nestle is a Swiss multinational company whose product are available almost in every part of the world. Most of the Nestle products are in a market leading position. Nestle company was established in 1866 and since that day, it has proved itself as one the leading companies of the world with its improved quality, innovative ideas of marketing and attractive packaging (Nestle, 2007).
Nestle launched its first juice in 1996 and since then it has spread its product largely. The consumers' response to the flavored juices of the Nestle Company was upbeat. This further strengthened the position of the Nestle Company in the market as the unbeatable leader. Later on, the company innovate the…
References
Franzen, G., & Moriarty, S. (2009). The Science and Art of Branding. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe.
Jennings, M.M. (2012). Business: Its Legal, Ethical, and Global Environment. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.
Morschett, D., Schramm-Klein, H., & Zentes, J. (2009). Strategic International Management. Wiesbaden: Betriebswirtschaftlicher Verlag Gabler.
Nestle, M. (2007). Food Politics: How the Food Industry Influences Nutrition and Health. Berkeley, Calif. [u.a.]: Univ. Of California Press.
Other rivals will have a more secure market share as well, and new drugs may develop. However, although the rise may not be as astronomical, hopefully from AstraZenica's perspective, Crestor's next phasing into the 'decline' phase of the product life cycle will not be as impressive, either.
orks Cited
CNN. Com. (18 Nov 2004) "Merck, FDA grilled at Senate hearing." Retrieved 22 Jan 2005 at http://cnnmoney.printthis.clickability.com/pt/cpt?action=cpt&title=Merck%2C+FDA+grilled+at+Senate+hearing+over+Vioxx+-+Nov.+18%2C+2004&expire=&urlID=12326029&fb=Y&url=http%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2004%2F11%2F18%2Fnews%2Ffortune500%2Fmerck%2Findex.htm%3Fcnn
Crestor. (2004) "About Crestor." Official site. Retrieved 22 Jan 2005 at http://www.crestor.com/c/crestor/
Crestor. (2004) "Side Effects: Crestor." Official site. Retrieved 22 Jan 2005 at http://www.crestor.com/c/crestor/sideeffects.asp
Drugrecall.com. (2004) "FDA says Crestor ads are false and misleading." Retrieved 22 Jan 2005 at http://www.adrugrecall.com/news/crestor-safety.html
Marketing teacher. (2004) "Pricing." Retrieved 22 Jan 2005 at http://www.marketingteacher.com/Lessons/lesson_pricing.htm
Marketing teacher." Product Life Cycle." Retrieved 22 Jan 2005 at http://www.marketingteacher.com/Lessons/lesson_plc.
Marketing teacher. (2004) "Value Chain." Retrieved 22 Jan 2005 at http://www.marketingteacher.com/Lessons/lesson_generic_strategies.htm
Works Cited
CNN. Com. (18 Nov 2004) "Merck, FDA grilled at Senate hearing." Retrieved 22 Jan 2005 at http://cnnmoney.printthis.clickability.com/pt/cpt?action=cpt&title=Merck%2C+FDA+grilled+at+Senate+hearing+over+Vioxx+-+Nov.+18%2C+2004&expire=&urlID=12326029&fb=Y&url=http%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2004%2F11%2F18%2Fnews%2Ffortune500%2Fmerck%2Findex.htm%3Fcnn
Crestor. (2004) "About Crestor." Official site. Retrieved 22 Jan 2005 at http://www.crestor.com/c/crestor/
Crestor. (2004) "Side Effects: Crestor." Official site. Retrieved 22 Jan 2005 at
The strategy would prove successful in assisting the rapid proliferation of the Norton Antivirus packages. Accordingly, ikipedia (2010) reports that "Norton AntiVirus and Norton Internet Security, a related product, held a 61% U.S. retail market share for security suites as of the first half of 2007." (ikipedia, 1) In addition to casting a dominant shadow over its sector of the technology industry, this would make Symantec a leading developer of antivirus technologies.
Maturity:
The maturation of Norton Antivirus is marked both by the annual or multi-annual release of newer or more refined versions of its software. A constant research and development phase is required so that Norton can remain abreast of advances amongst hackers and developers of malware, spyware and viruses. This is demonstrated by continual re-release of the Norton packages. According to available research, "Existing users of the 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009 versions can upgrade to the latest…
Works Cited:
Fisher, L.M. (1990). Company News; Symantec to Acquire Peter Norton. The New York Times.
NetMBA. (2007). The Product Life Cycle. Business Knowledge Center. Online at http://www.netmba.com/marketing/product/lifecycle/
Wikipedia. (2010). Norton Antivirus. Wikimedia, Ltd. Inc.
VIRTUAL TEAMS 4
Virtual Teams
The use of virtual teams has grown more and more with each recent passing year. Even so, there has been some companies that have pushed back on the use of virtual employees in the name of maximizing output and productivity. There is a great amount of debate as to whether localized or remote teams are more feasible or workable. Regardless, there is a lot of theory behind how to do virtual teams the right way. This is precisely what Hertel and the other two authors are describing in their review of the current empirical research. They describe a series of phases and steps that are integral to the process. While the parallels are not complete and definitive, assembling and disassembling a team is much like the product life cycle and project management steps.
Article Summary
As is mentioned in the introduction of this report, there…
elevance and Application of the Product Life Cycle Concept in Budgeting
Company and business unit budgets often lend financial expression to strategy, inspire managers to attain generally understood targets and offer a logical framework for the analysis of outcomes. On the other hand, many companies suffer from badly conceived or incompetent budgeting processes which do not inspire accomplishment of targets and are of little value for operational management (Corporate Budgeting, n.d.).
Life cycle budgeting comprises approximations of a product's revenues and expenses over its complete life cycle starting with research and development, going through the introduction and growth stages, into the maturing stage, and in conclusion into the harvest or decline stage. Life cycle budgeting adopts a life cycle approach. It is planned to account for the expenses at all stages of the value chain. This knowledge is significant for pricing choices because revenues must cover expenses acquired in each…
References
Corporate Budgeting. (n.d.). Retrieved February 26, 2011, from Web site:
http://www.pwc.com/en_UA/ua/assets/pwc_corporate_budgeting_eng.pdf
Product Life Cycle. (2011). Retrieved February 26, 2011, from Web site:
http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/small/Op-Qu/Product-Life-Cycle.html
Making the most of the differentiation available in an entirely new product, in addition to introducing an entirely new product generation will lead to new markets potentially is the strategic objective. The growth phase of the product lifecycle concentrates on getting sales to increase, increasing trial and use of the specific network component, working with distributors and dealers to more illustrate the performance advantages, and also concentrate on the opportunities for earning gross margins through the channels of distribution as well. The maturation process is one where the products are typically competed against based on price, and this is certainly the case with network components. In the case of routers and switches, the basic functionality is evaluated first by customers to make sure the specific product will meet their needs, yet price and availability are what typically win sales in this phase of the product lifecycle. Finally, the harvesting or…
Bibliography
Burkett, M (2006) Use Suppliers at All Phases of NPDI to Improve Product
Launch. AMR Research Alert. May 10, 2006. Accessed from the AMR Research website on December 11, 2007.
Unlike most television series which wait until the entire series is filmed and aired before they release it on DVD, Glee has already released its first season on DVD, despite the fact that they have not yet completed filming the second season. This strategy supports increased sales volumes due to the following reasons:
It allows the Glee fans to immediately purchase the DVD and view any episode they missed or simply review the series or the episodes they liked
It allows the Glee fans to begin collecting the series on DVD, which also supports the popularity of the show.
Another reason as to why it is estimated that the sales of the Glee DVDs would register high volumes is pegged to the soundtracks used in the filming of the series, namely the songs the students in the glee club sing. These are popular songs, listened and appreciated all over the…
Reference:
Longam Dictionary of Contemporary English, Online Version, http://www.ldoceonline.com / last accessed on May 13, 2011
For second-tier PC manufacturers this is the phase of the product lifecycle where pricing becomes the competitive weapon of choice, and in many cases, the other aspects of the marketing mix are ignored. Pricing as the only differentiator used during this phase often impacts the largest, most capital-intensive vendors the greatest. Prior to their acquisition by HP, Compaq was well-known for having one of the highest cost structures in the industry, which inevitably lead Compaq to offer price protection on inventories that are obsoleted due to lack of sales through distribution channels (Lee, Padmanabhan, Taylor, and Whang 2000).
The next phase of the product lifecycle is typically called the maturity phase. For products that have been successfully launched and nurtured through their lifecycles, this is the phase where sales are at their peak, the cost per customer is low, and as costs of the products' development have been covered in…
References
Barry L. Bayus (1998). An analysis of product lifetimes in a technologically dynamic industry. Management Science, 44(6), 763-775. Retrieved December 10, 2007, from ABI/INFORM Global database. (Document ID: 32306221).
Jim Burruss, Dorothea Kuettner. (2002). Forecasting for short-lived products: Hewlett-Packard's journey. The Journal of Business Forecasting Methods & Systems, 21(4), 9-14. Retrieved December 11, 2007, from ABI/INFORM Global database. (Document ID: 305703281).
George Deltas, Eleftherios Zacharias. (2006). Entry order and pricing over the product cycle: The transition from the 486 to the Pentium processor. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 24(5), 1041. Retrieved December 12, 2007, from ABI/INFORM Global database. (Document ID: 1152034371).
Mika Gabrielsson, VH Manek Kirpalani, Reijo Luostarinen. (2002). Multiple channel strategies in the European personal computer industry. Journal of International Marketing, 10(3), 73-95. Retrieved December 11, 2007, from ABI/INFORM Global database. (Document ID: 212269951).
Product Lifecycles
McDonald's Corporation Overview
of Product Design, Development and Product Lifecycles
McDonald's Corporation relies on the intersection of continual product design innovations, new product development, and an extensive supply chain and strategic sourcing system to continually fuel the development of new menu items globally. Their approach to product design, product lifecycle management, and the different issues pertaining to product development they manage are explained in this analysis.
Product design is applied to the decision-making process within McDonald's using an accelerated New Product Development and Introduction (NPDI) process that allows for the company to continually keep their new product pipeline moving forward. This NPDI process is tightly integrated to Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) systems of record and the continual in-bound information from supply chain management (SCM), pricing and procurement systems so a 360-degree view of the new product design process is achieved (Martin, 2002). In this way the product design…
References
Hickey, K. (2004). McDonald's tall order. Traffic World, (0041073), 1-10.
Hoffman, W. (2006). There Lovin' Logistics. Traffic World, (0041073), 1-20.
Martin, R. (2002). Keep your eye on supply side ball when swinging for a new-product home run. Nations Restaurant News, 36(27), 25-26.
Petrak, L. (2005). Shining the golden arches. National Provisioner, (0027996), 60-61,64-65,68-69,72-73.
These symptoms should be identified by the management team beforehand, even as early as in the planning stage. This is then used by the team of observers to identify any problems relating to dry rot in the company. The observing team and management team then work together to once again implement new ideas regarding products and services.
In order to deal with rivalry, a marketing team can be formed in order to respond to the challenge offered by rivals in terms of new products and services. The rival's products and services can then be observed by this team, after which improved products and services are then created.
Challenges in the Growth and Maturity Phases
Challenges in the growth phase are mostly related to issues of revenue generation, and implementing new products and services, as well as employing new people. The focus is on maintaining a steady rate of development. In…
Sources
Adizes, Ichak. (1988). Corporate Lifecycles. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Gross, Susan, Mathiasen, Karl and Franco, Nancy. (1998, Summer). "Organizational Life Cycles: Revisited." In MagNews, Management Assistance Group, Inc. http://www.managementassistance.org/page4k.html
Johannsen, Murray. (1996-2004). "Five Phases of The Organizational Life Cycle." Legacee Management Systems Inc. http://www.legacee.com/FastGrowth/OrgLifeCycle.html
McNamara, Carter. (1999). "Basic Overview of Organizational Life Cycles." Minnesota: Management Assistance Program for Nonprofits. http://www.mapnp.org/library/org_thry/org_cycl.htm
Organizational Transformation
Organizations are seen as having several different stages in their life cycle, with specific implications for management at each stage. The stages are, roughly, birth, growth, decline and death, depending on which model of the organizational life cycle is used. While the details on the life stages of an organization differ, the strategies are different for each, and management must be able to differentiate each stage, and make the right moves accordingly. It could also reasonably be argued that the stages are dynamic, rather than distinct, and that the passage from one stage to the next can take place gradually, incrementally, and that management can actually affect this process (Hanks, 2015).
Birth
The initial stage of organizational development is the birth stage. At this stage, the organization is founded, its purpose identified, and it is given the resources needed to survive. The life cycle metaphor is apt at…
References
Greiner, L. (1998). Evolution and revolution as organizations grow. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved July 23, 2015 from https://hbr.org/1998/05/evolution-and-revolution-as-organizations-grow
Hanks, S. (2015). The organization life cycle: Integrating content and process. Journal of Small Business Strategy. Retrieved July 23, 2015 from http://libjournals.mtsu.edu/index.php/jsbs/article/viewFile/218/201
Manktelow, J. (2015). The Greiner curve. MindTools.com. Retrieved July 23, 2015 from http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_87.htm
Smith, K., Mitchell, T. & Summer, C. (1985). Top level management priorities in different stages of the organizational life cycle. Academy of Management Journal. Vol. 28 (4) 789-820.
From the analysis of that first prototype, the project team would then produce a second prototype. The analysis of the first prototype should include looking at strengths, weaknesses, and any possible complications. The findings of this analysis by the project team would influence the next step in the spiral of producing the second prototype. This approach allows the project team to analyze the overall functionality of the product and system as it evolves, and will help predict problems such as cost overruns for development, unanticipated expenses for operating, or the possibility that the final result will not meet the customer's need. Using a spiral approach for both project management and product system/design allows the project team to spot serious problems as early as possible and either deal with them effectively or scrap the design in favor of a more effective one while minimizing costs incurred by this necessity. In a…
Management
ationale for the use of life cycle Management at Glazers
LCM (Life Cycle Management) is a framework which manages and scrutinises the performance and sustainability of services and goods. This framework aims to achieve the long-term objectives of the business, and gives less stress on the short-term objectives. For getting a more sustainable value chain, organizations are making use of this framework, which would in turn improve their economic and social performance. Businesses throughout the world are making use of this framework for many purposes, like to improve their standing within the market, to strengthen the relationships with the stakeholders and to produce more environment friendly goods.
LCM urges the companies to look away from their own processes, and focus on activities which are not under the direct control of the company. Such activities include the upstream and the downstream operations that become a part of value chain. In…
References
Crul, M. And Diehl, J.C. (2007) Design for Sustainability (D4S): A Practical Approach for Developing Economies, UNEP publication (at http://www.unep.fr/scp/publications/details. asp?id=DTI/0826/PA).
International Standard ISO 14040 (2006) Environmental Management -Life Cycle Assessment - Principles and Framework. Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization.
Rebitzer, G., Hunkeler, D. (2003) Life cycle costing in LCM: ambitions, opportunities, and limitations - discussing a framework International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 8 (5), pp. 253-6.
Remmen, A., Jensen, A.A., Frydendal. J. (2007) Life Cycle Management: A business guide to sustainability. UNEP/SETAC publication (at http://www.unep.fr/scp/lcinitiative / publications/).
4. Control Phase: This phase is the one in which maintaining the project within the "scope, cost, and schedule" as well as "within acceptable quality" is addressed due to the possible variables. "Unknown or unproven technologies....make these projects difficult for the project manager to baseline the scope, schedules, and costs during the Planning Phase." (Systems Lifecycle Development, 2001) Key deliverables in this phase are the development, testing, implementation and documentation of the scope control, schedule control, cost and quality control as well as the contract administration and configuration management in the project.
5. Closeout Phase: the final phase is characterized by the project being brought to an end with the manager of the project holding responsibility for making sure that the processes in closeout are accomplished while the systems are transitioned to maintenance perspective. The main activities in this phase are administration of closure of the project as well as…
Bibliography
Concept: Life Cycle Model (nd) available {Online] at http://www.chambers.com/au.Sample_p/c_pmodel.htm
Overview of Life Cycle Management (2004) United States Patent and Trademark Office Life Cycle Management Manual
Systems Development Lifecycle (2000) Executive Branch Dept. State of Michigan 2000 Dec 11 [Online] available at http://www.michigan.gov/dmb/0,1607,7-150-9131_9347-28112 -- 00.html
Information Technology Project Lifecycle
system development life cycle (SDLC) approach to the development of Information Systems and/or software is provided. An explanation of SDLC is offered, with different models applied in implementing SDLC delineated. Advantages and disadvantages associated with each of the models will be identified.
System Development Life Cycle
According to Walsham (1993), system development life cycle (SDLC) is an approach to developing an information system or software product that is characterized by a linear sequence of steps that progress from start to finish without revisiting any previous step. The SDLC model is one of the oldest systems development models and is still probably the most commonly used (Walsham, 1993). The SDLC model is basically a project management tool that is used to plan, execute, and control systems development projects (Whitten & Bentley, 1998). System development life cycles are usually discussed in terms of the conventional development using the waterfall model or the…
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Albany, NY: University at Albany, CTG Publication, pp. 1-13.
Ahituv, Niv & Neumann, Seev (1982). Principles of information systems for management. Dubuque, Iowa: Wm. C. Brown Company Publishers.
Hughes, P. (2002). SDLC models and methodologies. Information Systems Branch,
Ministry of Transportation, Governement of British Columbia, Victoria, BC, Canada.
Health Information Technology Systems Life Cycle or HIT systems life cycle has several broad categories. One such broad category is EH or electronic health records. EHs are patient-centered, real-time records. They allow users to get information instantly wherever and whenever it is needed. Simply put, EHs are computerized, digital versions of a patient's paper charts. EHs contain the medications, radiology images, test and lab results, immunization dates, medical history of a patient and offers access as well to evidence-based tools a provider may use to make decisions concerning a patient's care. Not only does it offer streamlining and automation of the providers' workflow, it also increases accuracy and organization of patient information.
Security and maintenance is the end phase of any basic system development life cycle. The entire process is used to recognize, examine, and design information systems (Vallette & Caldwell, 2013). In order to aid in accomplishing such an…
References
Ajami, S., Ketabi, S., Isfahani, S., & Heidari, A. (2011). Readiness Assessment of Electronic Health Records Implementation. Acta Informatica Medica, 19(4), 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/aim.2011.19.224-227
Joukes, E., Cornet, R., de Bruijne, M., & de Keizer, N. (2016). Eliciting end-user expectations to guide the implementation process of a new electronic health record: A case study using concept mapping.International Journal Of Medical Informatics, 87, 111-117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2015.12.014
Vallette, M., & Caldwell, B. (2013). Patient and Provider Perspectives on Electronic Helath Record (EHR) Information Access and Rights. Proceedings Of The International Symposium Of Human Factors And Ergonomics In Healthcare, 2(1), 64-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2327857913021013
Wright, L. (2014). Thinking holistically about EHR selection and implementation. Behavioral Healthcare, 34(1), 18-21. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA364855467&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=fulltext&issn=19317093&p=AONE&sw=w&authCount=1&isAnonymousEntry=true
Nike Case Study
Nike are undergoing change, after initial difficulties adapting to a changing environment, a strategy of acquisition, combined with decentralisation was implemented, facilitating specialised focus on different product lines. However, there is still the potential to increase the overall level of efficiency within the companies design processes.
One approach may be the development of an intrepreneurship, a model that supports innovation and development associated with entrepreneurial processes in large organisations (Cowles, 2013). Within this approach, not only would there be the division of the various researchers, there will also be placed in divisions with the aim of emulating small organisations where entrepreneurial stretch would be required. The aim of this is to increase original thought and innovation stimulated by their environment (Cowles, 2013).
The organisation could also adopt a Blue Ocean Strategy. This the company would need to examine the current marketplace, and identify markets which are currently…
References
Cowles, M, (2013), "The Changing Architecture of Big Business" in Aspinwall, M, Greenwood, J, (2013), Collective Action in the European Union, Abingdon, Routledge, pp.108-128
Daft, R. L., Murphy, J., & Willmott, H. (2000). Organization Theory and Design. Stanford: Cengage Learning.
Kim, W. C., & Mauborgne, R. (2015). Blue Ocean Strategy. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press.
Mintzberg, H., Ahlstrand, B., & Lampel, J. B. (2008). Strategy Safari: The Complete Guide Through the Wilds of Strategic Management,. Harlow: Financial Times / Prentice Hall.
However, the company did feel it should develop its own Database infrastructure that would work with the new underlying database management system and would mesh with existing organizational skills and the selected enterprise software solution.
Because the company followed a standardized implementation process, they were able to successfully reengineer their existing business structure. The objective of the System Development Life Cycle is to help organizations define what an appropriate system development methodology should be in order for them to continue to meet the rapidly changing business environment. The specific research approach employed by International Lumberyards, Inc. was to follow the steps of the cycle and it helped them dramatically.
Conclusion
This report attempted to analyze a work-related project that used a systems analysis tool for a specific business system. The report focused on the use of the System Development Life Cycle to implement a business or information technology need as…
References
Grabski, Severin V. (2002). International Lumberyards, Inc.: An Information System Consulting Case. Journal of Information Systems, 9/22.
Knight, Ph.D., Linda V. (2001, November 1). System Development Methodologies for Web Enabled E-Business: A Customization Paradigm. Retrieved January 16, 2005, at http://www.kellen.net/SysDev.htm
Peacock, Eileen (2004). Accounting for the development costs of internal-use software. Journal of Information Systems, 3/22.
Wikopedia. (n.d.). System Development Life Cycle. Retrieved January 16, 2005, at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_Development_Life_Cycle
This practically also pays big dividends for manufacturers as they continue to strive to keep their Energy STA Compliance ratings on products, leading to lower costs for power supply, electrical system integration and less product wear due to more efficient use of energy. Studies also indicate that Energy STA compliance, when designed in as part of the DfE initiatives in a PLM system, can have an exceptionally high accumulative impact as well (Preston, 2001).
Integrating DfE into PLM frameworks then not only alleviates the unnecessary and often high costs of noncompliance to federal and global mandates, this integration has also been shown to reduce the net amount of new product components necessary, further creating higher levels of reliability in products over time (Mascle, Zhao, 2008).
There are many additional benefits to integrating DfE product development practices into the broader PLM frameworks manufacturers use for designing, launching, managing and discontinuing products.…
References
Abramovici, M. (2007). Future trends in product lifecycle management (plm). Springer-Verlag Publishing, London, UK. (pp. 665-674).
Mike Adami-Sampson. (2007, February). Design for environmental compliance. Control Engineering, 54(2), 12-14.
Vidhi A Chaudhri. (2006). Organising Global CSR: A Case Study of Hewlett-Packard's e-inclusion Initiative*. The Journal of Corporate Citizenship,(23), 39-51.
Deathe, A., MacDonald, E., & Amos, W.. (2008). E-waste Management Programmes and the Promotion of Design for the Environment: Assessing Canada's Contributions. Review of European Community & International Environmental Law, 17(3), 319-334.
Product by Value Analysis
Product-by-Value Analysis
In order to understand the concept of product-by-value analysis, one must first understand the correct concept of a product. A product itself is the "need-satisfying" offering of an organization, which may be defined as a good or a service. In understanding this fact, one can then gauge a deeper understanding of how these products are levied through the use of product-by-value analysis within a firm or an organization.
In dealing with product development, production, and distribution, companies must ask themselves the following question: how can we determine which products to develop? Product-by-value analysis is one such tool in terms of assessing whether or not the production of existing products within a company remains one that keeps an organization on the path to profit with a loyal consumer base. Heizer and ender (2010) note that product-by-value analysis is a concept that lists products in descending…
References
Heizer, J. And Render, B. (2010). Operations management, 10 ed. Print. New York, NY:
Prentice Hall Publishers.
Mukherjee, P.N. (2006). Total quality management. Print. New Delhi, India: Prentice
Hall Publishers.
There are specific benefits that accrue to companies that build share, including an increase in the number of available apps and also capital to make continuous improvements. Thus, winning new customers is particularly important at this stage of the industry's life cycle. Once a customer becomes familiar with a company's product or operating system, they are likely to remain a customer, which in turn can bring customers to that firm's smartphone business as well.
The companies that have been most successful with tablets are Apple and Samsung. Apple had first mover advantage in the marketplace and was able to communicate the benefits of the iPad to consumers in such a way that the product was clearly differentiated from the iPhone. Apple continues to focus its communication on benefits in terms of functionality and life enhancement. Samsung, entering the market later, utilized a combination of functionality and price in its marketing.…
Works Cited:
O'Reilly, L. (2012). Separate your tablet strategy from your mobile strategy. Marketing Week. Retrieved November 19, 2012 from http://www.marketingweek.co.uk/opinion/separate-your-tablet-strategy-from-your-mobile-strategy/4001891.article
Brand epositioning
Consumer Product
BAND EPOSITIONING OF HALLMAK GEETING CADS
epositioning in the Target Market
Hallmark greeting cards are the most ubiquitous printed greeting cards found across the United States. The company prides itself on having a card for every occasion and to express every sentiment. Hence, the volume of cards printed by the company has increased with time. The chief strengths of the brand are excellent product quality, the quality of the sentiment, the visual appeal and the convenience of accessing and purchasing the card. However, with the advent of free and interactive online greeting card services, the popularity of printed greeting cards has been declining over the years. According to Kardes et al. (2011), brands need to be rejuvenated when they are in the decline stage. Franzen & Moriarty (2009) state that a brand needs to be repositioned when it fails to remain relevant to the value patterns…
References
Franzen, G., & Moriarty, S. (2009). The science and art of branding. (p. 187) M.E. Sharpe.
Kardes, F., Cronley, M., & Cline, T.W. (2011). Consumer behavior. (p. 350). Cengage Learning.
United States Census Bureau. (2012). Statistics about Business Size (Including Small Business) from the U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/econ/smallbus.html
Wreden, N. (2007). Profit brand. (p. 130). Kogan Page Publishers.
The promotion budget remains high, however, and it is essential to maintain the promotions budget to defend the space, especially over the coming months when technologically superior rivals may finally enter the tablet space.
The iPad 2 has been given a premium price, consistent with Apple products. Competitors such as Samsung have chosen to meet Apple at this price rather than undercut. This brings the iPad 2 into direct competition with such products on the basis of features, something that at present favors the iPad 2. The price points are consistent globally, and are not expected to change until the next generation of iPad is introduced and the old devices need to be cleared from inventory. Apple typically does not discount its products while they are still current, and has no plans to change that policy for the iPad 2.
ith respect to place, distribution of the iPad 2 is…
Works Cited:
Madway, G. & Raj, J. (2011). Apple iPad 2 sales seen clearing 1 million units. Reuters. Retrieved August 18, 2011 from http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/14/us-apple-research-idUSTRE72D30020110314
King, R. (2011). Best Buy holding iPad2 sales due to shortages. ZD Net. Retrieved August 18, 2011 from http://www.zdnet.com/blog/gadgetreviews/best-buy-holding-iPad-2-sales-due-to-shortages/23579
Kahney, L. (2002). Apple: It's all about the brand. Wired Magazine. Retrieved August 18, 2011 from http://www.wired.com/gadgets/mac/commentary/cultofmac/2002/12/56677
MarketingMinds. (2010). Apple's branding strategy. Marketing Minds.com. Retrieved August 18, 2011 from http://www.marketingminds.com.au/branding/apple_branding_strategy.html
product name? Describe the product
The product discussed in this essay is "drone delivery'. This service, as the name suggests, achieves delivery of packages and bought goods through a drone in a span of about half an hour. The consumer, through this prospect, uses geographical position system (GPS) data and information from the mobile device, such as phone or iPad; the drone tracks it and delivers the package to the desired or designated location (Marsh, 2015). In addition, subsequent to placing an order for delivery, the consumer is not obligated to remain in one location. The package delivery system can be designated to a particular location, not obligatory to the location of the client. The packages to be delivered will have an average weight of 86 pounds, which is basically the normal weight of products that are delivered to households (Marsh, 2015).
Identify and explain which market segmentation variable you…
References
Marsh, Rene. Amazon drone patent application imagines delivery that comes to you with one click. CNN, 2015. Retrieved 22 January, 2016 from: http://edition.cnn.com/2015/05/12/politics/amazon-patent-drone-delivery/
Notes Desk. Product Life Cycle (PLC), 2009. Retrieved 22 January, 2016 from: http://www.notesdesk.com/notes/marketing/product-life-cycle-plc/
Smith, Cooper., BI Intelligence. Amazon's delivery drones could make 30-minute deliveries a reality. Business Insider, 2015. Retrieved 22 January, 2016 from: http://www.businessinsider.com/delivery-fee-for-amazon-prime-air-2015-4
Operations
The Impact of the Product Lifecycle on Supply Chain Management
The management of the supply chain is an important element of operations. The supply chain configuration, including issues such as make or buy decisions, as well as type of supply chain deliveries, needs to match the products that are being supplied and may be heavily influenced by the lifecycle stage, and the type of demand and production that emerges during the different stages (Aitken et al., 2003). To consider this it is necessary first to look at the product lifecycle and then at how it may impact on the supply chain management,
The lifecycle is traditionally presented as having five stages; development, introduction, growth, maturity, and decline (Kotler and Armstrong, 2013). The development stage is the stage prior to the product being released on the market, the introduction is the time when the product reaches the market and sales…
References
Aitken, James; Childerhouse, Paul; Towill, Denis, (2003), The impact of product life cycle on supply chain strategy, International Journal of Production Economics, 85, 127 -- 140
Fisher, M., (1997), What is the right supply chain for your product? Harvard Business Review 75, 105 -- 116
Kotler, K, Armstrong, (2013), Principles of Marketing, Pearson
Product, Distribution
Should Barclay's Caribbean Operations Merge?
The strategy for Barclay in the Caribbean is to consider the market as a small share of the global commercial and investment banking market. Business units that operate in the Caribbean or West Indies are seen as offshore business operations with emerging onshore business. (Wood, Beamish, 2004) The units have also focused on reducing operational risk exposure as ameans to drive revenue growth. Such a strategy is rather conservative and represents a risk-free growth rate for Barclay's Caribbean operations.
Barclay's operations are extensive and span the globe with offices and accounts on six of seven continents. "Corporate and business services are offered in all 14 countries, and offshore banking services are offered in the Bahamas, Barbados, Cayman, the British Virgin Islands (BVI), and Turks & Caicos. Corporate banking accounts for 45% of corporate income, personal banking 27 per cent and offshore banking 28…
References
Platt, G., Hawser, A., Neville, L., Green, P., & Fittipaldi, S. (2005). 2005 world's best banks. Global Finance, 19(9), 18. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/198833010?accountid=13044
Wood D., Beamish P. (2004) CIBC -- Barclays: Should Their Caribbean Operations Be Merged? The University of Western Ontario, IVEY School of Business.
Product Warranty
Products for home improvement are the most common commodities in the market from which consumers demand much warranty from the manufacturers because of the basic fact that they are expected to exist and last long within the presence of homes. Such products include both electrical and non-electric appliances, home furniture, as well as services and materials provided for home improvements. In general, product warranty, even in any type of transaction, equates product liability. In that the consumers expect that a product will only show the inability to provide its purpose because of wear due to length of period that it was frequently used or because of damage caused by the consumer's failure to take care of the product. Except from these two reasons, product reliability is expected. When product reliability is not served to consumers, product warranty comes in to protect the consumers' rights of acquiring quality products.…
References
Consumer Products Warranty Law, New Brunswick. 2004.
http://www.law.unb.ca/cpwala/scope.htm#Introduction
A Businessperson's Guide To Federal Warranty Law.
Federal Trade Commission Online.
product or a service, and in general, a project would include all the risks and the constraints and the restrictions, as well as an idea about the costs involved for the particular problem or project that one is about to undertake. The schedule would be detailed, as well as the intended performance outcome of the project, and 'project management' as such is a set of principles and practices and code of ethics, and techniques that are generally used to lead the project team, and to exercise a form of control over the other related issues in a project such as the schedule, the costs, and the desired outcome of the project, all of which if handled well would bring one the satisfaction of a happy customer. (Project Management: What is it?)
However, in the management of a project, one must keep in mind certain very important points, so that the…
REFERENCES
Cleland, David L; Ireland, Lewis R. (2004) "Ireland Project managers' portable handbook" McGraw-Hill Professional.
'5 Phase Project Management, what is a Project?" Retrieved From
http://www.infra.kth.se/courses/1H1146/Files/phases.ppt
Accessed 3 October, 2005
This is because the public image that is created can be very good for creating a good reputation and company image. This is mainly fueled by positive consumerism.CS should therefore be integrated into corporate strategy.
Environmental problems
Food Packaging
Almost all parts of the industries that deal with packaging, not excluding food packaging, are facing several environmental problems. For instance, the shops that are dealing with fast-food are receiving a lot of pressure to minimize the quantity of the solid wastes that they are generating (Testin and Vergano, 1991). As a result, the company will result into numerous environmental problems. Packaging is indeed an essential part of modern life style. The loss from packaging is more rampant in the firms that process food and those in the system of distribution. In the countries that are still developing, packaging is a rare thing and sometimes, it does not exist. In such…
References
Demetrakakes, P. (2004, Oct). Nestle's packaging wraps up the world: a truly international food company combines local and global strategies in packaging its huge array of products
Domberger, S. And Fernandez, P. (1999), Public-Private Partnerships for Service Delivery.
Business Strategy Review, 10: 29 -- 39
Kakabadse, a.P. And Kakabadse, N. (2000a) Sourcing: new face to economies of scale and the emergence of new organizational forms. Knowledge and Process Management 7(2), 107 -- 118.
Strategic Review -- Simulation
A 4-year strategic review of the Company's X5, X6 and X7 Tablets has been requested by Sally. The strategic review contains product, financial and market reviews for all 3 products over the 4-year period from 2011 -- 2014. As the report will show, the X5 behaved admirably but is now in shakeout, the X6 continues to perform best of all the products and the X7 has performed horribly in all 4 years. Consequently, I recommend discontinuing the X5 and X7 and allocating R&D and other resources to the X6 for 2015.
Generally in 2011, the cumulative profit score is $81,571,138. The X5 costs more than most other products in its category and last year it was in the growth phase of the product lifecycle. The performance of the X6 is better than that of competing tablets (Sun, Tablet Development Sim - View Summary, n.d.).
A. A…
Nuclear Fuel Cycle is a set of different processes that utilize nuclear materials and then returns them to their initial state, in a cyclical manner. It begins with the mining of naturally occurring nuclear materials from the environment, and ends with safe and proper disposal of nuclear waste products back to the environment. Production of energy from Uranium requires several unique processes. One of the terms used in this production of nuclear energy is front end, referring to the entire set of processes involved in making nuclear energy from the uranium ore in the nuclear fuel cycle. The processes involved are: [1] mining, [2] crushing, [3] processing, [4] enrichment, and [5] the fabrication of fuel. After being used to produce energy, the nuclear material is now known as spent fuel. The spent fuel has to be converted in a reprocessing or storage facility if the company wants to recycle it.…
References
Carlsen, B.W., Phathanapirom, U., Schneider, E., Collins, J.S., Eggert, R.G., Jordan, B., ... & Yacout, L. (2013). Environmental Impacts, Health and Safety Impacts, and Financial Costs of the Front End of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle (No. INL/EXT-14-32302). Idaho National Laboratory (INL).
CAS. College of Agricultural Sciences. (2009). Manufacturing Fuel Pellets from Biomass. Retrieved from: http://extension.psu.edu/publications/uc203
ELAW. Environmental Law Alliance Worldwide. (2015). Overview of Mining and its Impacts. Retrieved from: https://www.elaw.org/files/mining-eia-guidebook/Chapter1.pdf
IAEA (2006). International Atomic Energy Agency. Storage and Disposal of Spent Fuel and High Level Radioactive Waste. Retrieved from: http://www.iaea.org/About/Policy/GC/GC50/GC50InfDocuments/English/gc50inf-3-att5_en.pdf
Product Marketing
easons for product line expansion
Product line is a group of related products manufactured by a single company and the products are closely related in one way or the other. There are several reasons that can puch a firm towards the expansion of a product line.
Increase sales; Some firms expand their product lines with an intension of increasing the firm's overall sales. This is because when the company expands its product lines, it increases its production and therefore more products will be produced hence increasing the company's sales. (Mc Grath Michael, 2010).
Profit growth; Some firms expand their product lines to increase their profitability through greater sales volume which might be obtained from new products since most people prefer purchasing products from brands which they are familiar with. The expansion of the product lines may be with an aim of enabling a specific item in the firm…
References
Ecofine.com, (2011). Differentiation strategy. Integrated knowledge. Retrieved October 26, 2010
from http://www.ecofine.com/strategy/Differentiation%20 strategy.html
Kim. T. Gordon,(2004). Pros and Cons of expanding your product line
Retrieved October 26, 2010 from http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/71094
Product Management Issues
Quality of Design, Performance, and TQM -- As manufacturing design and implementation became even more complex, an integrative approach to the end product became necessary. There are many theoretical rubrics for this, but one of the more stable and robust is that of TQM, or Total Quality Management. TQM, like other theories such as Six Sigma, is based on the idea that the quality of the end product is the responsibility of everyone who touches the process -- from the creation to the manufacturing to the distribution. TQM, as noted, is an evolving process, and one that includes design, process management, stakeholder involvement and integration, leadership and management, strategic planning, cross-functional training opportunities, and the ongoing involvement of all employees. It becomes, in fact, the culture of the company. (Peratec, 1995). There are different aspects of TQM that impact the organization in slightly different ways, although the…
REFERENCES
Chaos Theory: A Brief Introduction. (2010) IMHO. Retrieved from:
www.inho.com/grae/choas/chaos/html
Trend and Control Chart Interpretation. (2009). Success Through Quality. Retrieved from: http://www.successthroughquality.com/trend_Interpretation.htm
Using Change Concepts for Improvement. (March 30, 2012). Institute for Healthcare Improvement. Retrieved from: http://www.ihi.org/knowledge/Pages / Changes/UsingChangeConceptsforImprovement.aspx
Product Life Cycles
How product design is applied in decision-making of that organization?
Design decision making at (organization name) involves generating a series of product alternatives using very clear criteria. The goal is evaluate which solutions maximize value and function, but minimize costs. This approach is based on a need to shorten product development cycles to get new products to market faster. The market can be very intense and competitive. Therefore, the company is always eager to gain a competitive advantage by reaching consumers with the best product possible before others in the industry. This means that front-end strategic planning is a must have when design decisions are being made. Poor decisions during product development can lead to products that no one wants to buy or that are so expensive they cannot be manufactured in sufficient quantity (Cao & Folan, 2012). Thus, (organization name) has come to understand that design…
References
Cao, H., & Folan, P. (2012). Product life cycle: the evolution of a paradigm and literature review from 1950 -- 2009. Production Planning & Control, 23(8), 641-662. doi:10.1080/09537287.2011.577460.
Sy, M., & Mascle, C. (2011). Product design analysis based on life cycle features. Journal of Engineering Design, 22(6), 387-406. doi:10.1080/09544820903409899.
New Product, Service or Process
Produce a specification for an agreed project to implement a new product, service or process
Be able to plan for the launch of a project to implement a new product, service or process
Produce a project plan for an agreed project
Match appropriate resources to a Project
Cost all resources required for implementing a project
Agree timescales for the management and implementation of a project
Plan an appropriate strategy for the implementation of a project
Be able to implement a project
Implement a project in accordance with an agreed specification
Develop appropriate measures to monitor and evaluate progress and outcomes
Monitor the implementation of a project
Task 4: Be able to evaluate the outcomes of a project
Analyze the outcomes of a project in terms of the original project specification
Evaluate the outcomes of a project
Make justified recommendations for improvements to the project
Task…
Applying the Stages of the Product Lifecycle to Household Moving
Applying the Stages of the Project Lifecycle to Household Moving
In defining the processes and steps involved in moving a household there are many comparisons possible to managing a highly complex project as well. The project management frameworks and sequence of steps is comparable between moving even the simplest household vs. completing a commercial or private project. The goal of this paper is to apply the stage of project lifecycles to moving a household. As with any successful project, the most foundational step is to ensure everyone has the same set of expectation and that objectives are defined in common terms everyone can understand. Project lifecycles are the most successful when there is a very clear series of expectations and requirements shared across all teams (Pasian, Sankaran, Boydell, 2012). The most successful projects are those that set attainable, realistic and…
References
Cagle, Ron F.. (1990). Controlling Projects by Life Cycles. American Association of Cost Engineers. Transactions of the American Association of Cost Engineers, I.5.1.
Ali Jaafari. (2000). Life-cycle project management: A proposed theoretical model for development and implementation of capital projects. Project Management Journal, 31(1), 44-52.
Khang, D., & Moe, T.. (2008). Success Criteria and Factors for International Development Projects: A Life-Cycle-Based Framework. Project Management Journal, 39(1), 72-84.
Pasian, B., Sankaran, S., & Boydell, S. (2012). Project management maturity: A critical analysis of existing and emergent factors. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 5(1), 146-157.
Marketing
Life Stage Segmentation
The generational cohort segmentation shows how segmentation divides a population into smaller distinct groups. The different and unique characteristics of each group formed during segmentation allow advertisers to get an important guidance for communications planning. There are generally five ways of using this information once advertisers have divided a certain group.
First, segmentation permits advertisers to consider differences within the potential consumer audience for a particular product or service. As the segment characteristics in the generational cohort segmentation illustrate, it is unlikely that all individuals in the broader adult population will see all brands within a product category as equally acceptable or all advertising messages for brands within a category as equally relevant or persuasive. Different segments are likely to respond differently to the same product or advertising message. Thus, segmentation provides the information required for the planning and presentation of an advertising campaign that exactly…
Works Cited
Faye Rice, "Making Generational Marketing Come of Age," Fortune (June 25, 1995): 110-113.
Art Weinstein, Market Segmentation (Chicago, IL: Probus Publishing Company, 1994). 8-9.
Campbell Gibson, "The Four Baby Boomers," American Demographics (November 1993): 36- 40.
Gabriella Stem, "Aging Boomers Are New Target For Maybelline," Wall Street Journal (April 13, 1993): B1.
Work Life Balance - the ole of HM
Human resources management come with massive demands chiefly in light of the fact that it involves dealing with people, a task that is complex in itself. To enhance organizational growth, pleasure on the part of workforce is very crucial. This is a necessity that human resources sectors in organizations have to grapple with on a day-to-day basis through the initiation and implementation of means of achieving workers satisfaction and overall performance (Frame & Hartog, 2003). Creating room for work life balance constitutes come of the mechanisms that employers use in achieving this goal (Clutterbuck, 2003). Work life balance is a concept whose relevance in the organization and more so in the world of advancing technology holds a lot of water. It brings to both parties in the business environment numerous benefits (Ehnert, 2009). The concept has a wide range of practice ranging…
References
Avgar, Ariel C., Givan, Rebecca Kolins and Liu, Mingwei, A Balancing Act: Work -- Life Balance and Multiple Stakeholder Outcomes in Hospitals (December 2011). British Journal of Industrial Relations, Vol. 49, Issue 4, Pp. 717-741, 2011
Business: The Ultimate Resource. (2003). Beijing: Citic Publishing House
Cascio, W.F. (2010). Investing In People, Electronic Resource, FT Press
Cieri HD, Holmes B, Abbott J & Pettit T (2005), Achievements And Challenges For Work/Life Balance Strategies In Australian Organizations, The International Journal Of Human Resource Management16 (1)
Microsoft Vista
Physical vs. Digital Products -- Physical products are those that can be touched, felt, have physical presence, must be produced, warehoused, packaged, shipped and purchased. However, physical products are most certainly not limited to brick and mortar stores. The Internet has opened up an entirely new world for commerce online -- in both physical and virtual worlds with e-Commerce. E-Commerce is the buying and selling of products and services over electronic means, usually the Internet. As Internet usage grows, so does trade conducted electronically, allowing for a number of improvements and innovations that follow suit. Most economists see e-commerce as a market segment that leads to intensive price competition and consumers armed with greater knowledge. In two particular industries, e-commerce has actually changed the way the market works on those industries, causing the brick and mortar versions to fade away. In fact, larger e-commerce firms like Amazon.com, use…
REFERENCES
Microsoft's Seventh Seal. (October 23, 2009). The Economist. Cited from: http://www.economist.com/node/14732175
Physical Product vs. Digital Product -- Pros and Cons. (September 17, 2010). Online Business Watch. Retrieved from: http://www.onlinebusinesswatch.com/online-business-from-home/physical-product-vs.-digital-product-pros-cons.html
The Click and the Dead. (July 1, 2010). The Economist: Retrieved from:
http://www.economist.com/node/16478931?story_id=16478931&fsrc=rss
ood indicates that "everyone has different motivations and aspirations that they wish to achieve in their life. ork-life balance is about adjustments that can be made to working patterns to enable people to combine work with the other facets of their life. Bratton and Gold (2003: 105) de-ne work-life balance as, 'the relationship between the institutional and cultural times and spaces of work and non-work in societies where income is predominantly generated and distributed through labour markets.'" (p. 388) This implicates various aspects of one's working experience, including the manner in which one's responsibility's are balanced with one's personal needs; the degree to which social needs are constructed within the workplace; and the manner in which the employer goes about providing opportunities for attendance of personal needs for employees. This definition is also underscored by the basic assumption that employee morale and work/life balance are inextricable and that, additionally, these…
Works Cited:
Allen, P. (2000). Wegmans Tops Best CNY Companies to Work for in America. The Business Journal, Central New York.
Ayree, S.; Srinivas, E.S. & Tan, H.H. (2005), Rhythms of Life: Antecedents and Outcomes of Work-Family Balance in Employed Parents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(1), 132-146.
Boyle, M. (2005). The Wegmans Way. CNNMoney.com.
CNNMoney. (2006). Fortune 100 Best Companies To Work For. CNN.com.
Business in Malaysia
The author of this report is asked to answer to a theoretical scenario whereby the training and other initial materials for a new product line are lost in transit but yet the big-wigs want the sales and other outcomes of this new product line to be over the top regardless. The author of this report is asked to answer to the ethical, strategic, operational and financial issues relative to this situation, is asked to offer the options that present themselves vis-a-vis fixing this whole situation with the associated consequences with each choice enumerated. The best choice and worst case scenario overall are to be chosen and explained. While some delay will be needed due to the lost shipment, there is no reason why recovery is not possible over the long-term.
Ethical, Strategic, Operational & Financial Issues
The ethical implications of the above is that management has to…
References
Apple. (2014, April 18). Apple. Apple. Retrieved April 18, 2014, from http://www.apple.com
IUPUI. (2014, April 8). Supply Chain Management. Kelley School of Business
Indianapolis. Retrieved April 18, 2014, from http://kelley.iupui.edu / undergrad/academics/majors/supply-chain-management/
Soft Drinks and Smartphone Apps Product Categories
Introduction
Product categories allow marketers to classify products into meaningful categories that assist them in deciding on the appropriate strategies and methods that will assist them in promoting a particular product. Product categories are the primary method for grouping products that have similar features. Each category will have a distinct marketing strategy and even if the target market might be similar. This is because each category will be geared towards a different aspect of an individual's life. The two categories we are discussing are soft drinks and smartphone apps. These two categories will have different marketing strategies because they target different aspects of the consumers’ needs and wants. Understanding the product category for a brand is vital for marketing because each category will require a different marketing approach. There are glaring differences between the two categories especially because one is considered to be…
The children do not see a template of moral fiber in the structure of the family, are certainly not learning it at school, and therefore have no basis for any type of ethic or morals other than the secular humanist -- "it depends" and "if you don't hurt anyone" viewpoint. The secular humanist, though, espouses that there are moral values that can be ascribed without God:
. . . The moral consequences of believing the universe not to be guided by a personal god to whom petitionary prayer can be addressed are huge. That is why it is so inadequate to call oneself solely an atheist; one needs some sort of description for what motivates one's behavior afterwards (Cooke in Kurtz, 2010).
And, reading this, one might forgive Al and Peg if they at least had a moral view; but that is the issue, they do not, which causes the…
REFERENCES
Clark, T. (2008). "Center for Naturalism." The Center for Naturalism.
Cited in: http://www.centerfornaturalism.org/index.htm
Kurtz, P. (2010). "Beyond Atheism -- Beyond Agnosticism -- Secular Humanism."
Council for Secular Humanism. Cited in:
egal Marine
Product life cycle is an approach that companies use when analyzing the evolution of their products. This is intended to determine the investments that must be made regarding these products, but also the incomes they are likely to determine. The concept of product life cycle also applies in the case of egal Marine products. In this case, most of the company's products usually have a life cycle of three to five years. This can be considered a short life style in comparison with other products that benefit from life cycles of decades.
In this situation, products with short life cycles require increased levels of investments. This is because the company must focus on introducing new products on the market in order to be competitive (Wu et al., 2005). However, these products are also able to determine increased levels of incomes that can be used in investing in the…
Reference list:
1. Wu, D. et al. (2005). Managing Short Lifecycle Technology Products for Agere Systems. Retrieved May 3, 2013 from http://chrisarmbruster.com/documents/WhitepaperLifeCycle.pdf.
Cookie Craze
It is difficult to differentiate in the cookie business, as there are a lot of good cookies in this world, and a lot of very creative cookie makers. Cookie Craze is going to differentiate at least on part on the basis of the brand. But the cookies will be unfathomably good, and that is part of the appeal of Cookie Craze. The flavors of the cookies will be key. ith all due respect to grandmother, chocolate chip simply is not going to get it done in a competitive market today. Consumers take their cues from the food porn they watch on television, where chefs dazzle with unique, exciting flavors and that is exactly the kind of Craze we are aiming for. Exotic ingredients -- things not considered normal for cookies -- and a gooey, chewy base dough will form the key differentiating factors. That there will be a…
Works Cited:
NetMBA. (2010). The marketing mix (the 4 Ps of marketing). NetMBA. Retrieved March 23, 2012 from http://www.netmba.com/marketing/mix/
QuickMBA. (2010). The product life cycle. QuickMBA.com. Retrieved March 23, 2012 from
Tablet SIM
Joe Schmoe's performance was not optimal, and there are a few different changes that can be made. In order to understand the flaws in Joe's performance, it is necessary to understand some key business concepts.
The first of these is profitability, in particular the concept of contribution. This is important to the analysis for a couple of reasons. The first is that the X5 product lost money in its final year. One of the characteristics of this product is that it has high fixed costs of $75 million, double that of the other two products. The contribution to fixed costs is the revenue minus the variable costs. With this information, the breakeven point can be calculated for the X5. In a year when the sales are expected to fall below the breakeven point, the product should be discontinued. Contribution margin is also useful for the X7, because that…
Cruiserthor
Perceptual maps
Using perceptual maps in marketing: CruiserThor
This paper will review the market situation of CruiserThor Motorcycles and examine how the introduction of a new low-cost motorcycle to its product offerings was able to change the company's brand image. CruiserThor had a market image and price tag commensurate with Harley Davidson or other large, expensive, high-power bikes. Unfortunately, consumer desires are changing and these vehicles are no longer in high demand. At the beginning of the simulation, CruiserThor had to find a way to change with the times, or be left behind its competitors.
Situation
During the first phase of the simulation, CruiserThor Motorcycles controlled 40% of the market of heavy duty motorcycles. The market environment was an oligopoly, which meant that it was dominated by a few, select companies. It was particularly well-known in the heavyweight motorcycle category. CruiserThor's dominance of the market had been carefully crafted…
References
Product life cycle. (2013). Quick MBA. Retrieved:
Buyer Power:
etailers are the primary tier of buyers in the television segment of the global consumer electronics market. There are a variety of retailing channels used in this industry. The primary channel of distribution is through electronics retailers, like Best Buy, which comprises 65% of the total market value. Hyper and supermarkets, such as WalMart and Target, make up only 14.4% of the market. Sales via department stores, like Sears, only contributes 3.7% of the market's value. Although they typically don't sell televisions, music, video, books, and stationery retailers do contribute 3.1% of sales for the overall consumer electronics market. Lastly, a variety of other retailers make up 13.8% of the sales in this industry ("Global consumer," 2010) (See Figure 3).
The primary manufacturers in this market segment, like Sony, are often highly valued by retailers, as they provide branded products that retailers' buyers, the end consumers, have come…
References
"Global consumer electronics." (May 2010). Datamonitor. Retrieved November 30, 2010, from http://360.datamonitor.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com .
Gonsalves, a. (28 Jan 2010). "Samsung 3D TV mass production begins." InformationWeek. Retrieved November 30, 2010, from http://www.informationweek.com/news/personal_tech/TV_theater/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=222600258 ,
"History." (2010). Datamonitor. Retrieved November 30, 2010, from
Perceptual Mapping
Analysis of the CruiseThorr Perceptual Map and Market Positioning
The intent of this analysis is to evaluate the simulations involving perpetual mapping for the CruiseThorr and oth motorcycles, the latter model launched as part of this simulation. Each of the situations are described, followed by a recommended solution and results achieved. Additional questions are also answered at the end of this analysis pertaining to product differentiation, product repositioning and product lifecycles,
Analysis of Scenario-based Simulations
The initial situations, recommended solution and results of each iteration of the simulation are presented and analyzed in this section.
Situation Analysis
The first simulation begins with the CruiseThorr losing market share as younger buyers don't have the high disposable income to afford it The 21- to 35-year-old age group is interested in motorcycles yet cannot afford the CruiseThorr, and also find the model to be behind the times in terms of their…
References
Bachand, D. (1988). The marketing of ideas: Advertising and road safety. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 4(4), 291-291.
Bijmolt, T.H.A., & Wedel, M. (1999). A comparison of multidimensional scaling methods for perceptual mapping. JMR, Journal of Marketing Research, 36(2), 277-285.
Gelb, T. (1989). Overhauling corporate engine drives winning strategy. The Journal of Business Strategy, 10(6), 8-8.
Hooley, G.J. (1979). Perceptual mapping for product positioning: A comparison of two approaches. European Research, 7(1), 17-17.