Saints

The Roughnecks and the Saints: A Research Overview

The essential problem that the researcher set out to address in this article was the perception of and reaction to delinquency amongst teenagers in a specific town. more specifically, the researcher ended up identifying a difference in the way teenage boys of different socioeconomic backgrounds were viewed by teachers, the police, and other community members in light of their delinquency, though it is not clear that the research understood this to be the central problem when the research was initiated. As currently published, however, it is clear that the central identified problem is the lack of consistency with which rules and laws are applied, a lack of coherence in the perception of these boys based solely on their behavior, and a lack of equal treatment based on these self-reinforcing perceptions.

Research Questions

Again, it is not clear that the author/researcher had…

Critic Bloom notes, "The certainty and resolution of Joan's faith were central for Shaw. As a result, he could not really render the moving sense of humility expressed in the phrase Jeanne used so frequently in the trial: 'I wait on Our Lord'" (Bloom 133). As the play progresses, more people begin to see Joan as a "miracle," and in Shaw's definition of a miracle, faith is intertwined. He writes, "A miracle, my friend, is an event which creates faith. That is the purpose and nature of miracles" (Shaw). Thus, another aspect of Joan's faith is her ability to perform miracles. She can convince others of her faith, but her faith creates miracles, as well, such as the Captain's hens not laying eggs, and then beginning to lay again as soon as he outfits her in armor and sends her off with some of his men or the miracle of…

References

Crompton, Louis. Shaw the Dramatist. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1969..

Bloom, Harold. George Bernard Shaw's Saint Joan. New York: Chelsea House, 1987.

Peters, Julie Stone. "Joan of Arc Internationale: Shaw, Brecht, and the Law of Nations." Comparative Drama 38.4 (2004): 355+.

Shaw, George Bernard. "Saint Joan." Project Gutenberg Australia. 2002. 31 March 2008.  http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks02/0200811h.html

San Patricios

uring the Mexican-American War a number of Irish-American deserters from the U.S. Army fought on the side of Mexico. These men called themselves the "Saint Patrick's Brigade," but are more commonly referred to as the "San Patricios." Originally Catholic immigrants from Ireland, the 1840's were a rough time for Irish-Catholics who were resented and discriminated against by the Protestant Native-born Americans. The same type of prejudice followed one such immigrant into the U.S. Army, John Riley. After experiencing anti-Catholic prejudice by the majority Native Protestant officer class, Riley and a number of others deserted the U.S. Army and made their way to the Mexican side where they volunteered to fight for Mexico. When war as declared between the two nations, Riley and the San Patricios fought valiantly for Mexico, but were eventually defeated and captured at the Battle of Churubusco in 1847. Because Riley and his original deserters…

During the Mexican-American War a number of Irish-American deserters from the U.S. Army fought on the side of Mexico. These men called themselves the "Saint Patrick's Brigade," but are more commonly referred to as the "San Patricios." Originally Catholic immigrants from Ireland, the 1840's were a rough time for Irish-Catholics who were resented and discriminated against by the Protestant Native-born Americans. The same type of prejudice followed one such immigrant into the U.S. Army, John Riley. After experiencing anti-Catholic prejudice by the majority Native Protestant officer class, Riley and a number of others deserted the U.S. Army and made their way to the Mexican side where they volunteered to fight for Mexico. When war as declared between the two nations, Riley and the San Patricios fought valiantly for Mexico, but were eventually defeated and captured at the Battle of Churubusco in 1847. Because Riley and his original deserters had left the U.S. Army before the war began, they received whippings and brandings as their punishment. However, for those others who deserted from the U.S. Army and joined the brigade after the war started, death was the punishment.

Today the San Patricios have earned a place in the history of the nation of Mexico and are remembered as patriots who fought against the American invaders. In their homeland of Ireland, the San Patricios are honored as protectors of those oppressed because of their Catholic religion. In both Mexico an Ireland, memorials have been erected and celebrations are performed annually in their memory. As their leader, John Riley has earned a special place in the hearts of Catholics from Ireland to Mexico.

And while the San Particios are still mostly remembered as deserters in the United States, it is important for Americans to know the truth about these men. They came to America seeking freedom and equality but only found prejudice and religious intolerance. While Americans claim to be the most open and accepting people in the world, this has not always been the case. And by presenting this type of historical prejudice, Americans might be able to recognize prejudice and discrimination in modern society.

However, due to changes in the cultural landscape, Foucault also argues that certain texts inspire more of a sense of attachment to notions of authorship. Recently, culture has ascribed more importance to the personal psychology of authors of poetry and novels, for example, more so than scientific texts, even though in the ancient world claiming authorship of scientific works was deemed important. This indicates that how we understand an author is a social production, not something inherent to the notion of 'the text.'

Foucault's point is manifested in the fact that it is only relatively recent in Western culture that texts have not been anonymously created, as they were during the era of Beowulf. Additionally, only since the enforcement of stricter copyright laws have texts become legally 'guarded' products. Another shift in the notion of authorship may be likewise occurring in the era of the Internet, after Foucault wrote, where…

Gothic Light

Saint Denis

Saint Denis was the first cathedral that was constructed in Gothic form and consequently became the prototype of Salish, Chartres and many other cathedrals. [footnoteef:1] The cathedral is basically a huge medieval abbey church in the city of Saint Denis which is now a prominent suburb in Paris. In the early times, the church was merely a place of pilgrimage and a place where the French Kings would be buried. It was in the 12th century that Abbot Suger developed in further and made it resemble gothic art. Thus, it can be stated that the gothic touch to Saint Denis was added after the 12th century. It was after the 15th and 16th century that the status of the cathedral was returned to Gothic level.1 This piece of art was converted from a simple shrine to a much respected Cathedral Basilica of Saint Denis. Suger tried…

References

Adams, Henry. Mont-Saint-Michel and Chartres. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1913

Houvet, Etienne. An Illustrated Monograph of Chartres Cathedral. Chartres: E.Houvet, 1930

Scott, Robert A. The Gothic Enterprise: A Guide to Understanding the Medieval Cathedral.Burkley, CA: University of California Press. 2003

Spaak, Isabelle."The Cathedral Basilica of Saint-Denis." Medicographia.  http://www.medicographia.com/2010/07/the-cathedral-basilica-of-saint-denis  / Accessed December 30, 2012

Hero and Saint

An Analysis of the Hero and the Saint from St. Francis to Kierkegaard's Abraham

Francis of Assisi is one of the most famous saints of the Church and Dante is one its most famous literary heroes. St. Francis received his vocation at the beginning of the 13th century, while Dante had his celestial vision roughly some hundred years later. One was a friar, the other a poet. Yet both grow out of a vision of the Church, the world, and man's place in it and his relation to God. St. Francis was officially declared a saint two years after his death; Dante has been revered ever since his Comedy appeared. St. Francis was recognized as a saint because he embodied all the virtues of sanctity -- perfect humility, perfect charity, perfect love of God; and Dante was recognized as a literary hero because of his epic journey,…

Reference List

Burke, E. (1909). The Sublime and Beautiful. Harvard Classics, vol. 24. part 2. New

York P.F. Collier. (Original work published 1756).

Rousseau, J. (2008). The Social Contract. (G. DH Cole, Trans.). New York, NY:

Cosimo. (Original work published 1762).

Confessions of Saint Augustine

Carefully reviewing Saint Augustine's Confessions is a fascinating historical excursion to what it was like to be a believer -- four hundred years after the death of Christ -- who had lived a sinful life but was greatly moved by the example of Jesus Christ and converted to Christianity. In this book review, the writing of Saint Augustine will be critically analyzed by looking at the intent of the author, the themes he presents, and the impact of the narrative on a person living in 2012.

In Book I Augustine begins with strong praise for the Lord, but he also is asking questions that are common to people who have been raised under pagan beliefs but have recently come to believe in Him; perhaps he isn't truly sure of his standing with God. He wonders, is there any particular room in which it would be easier…

However, the Mont Saint Michel monastery also exhibited many of the pre-Romanesque characteristics that were seen in the other grand Benedictine structures, such as the one in de Volpaino's native Italy (Adams 125). Before the grand cathedral and monastery could be realized, the Notre Dame sous-Terre was its predecessor. Among its pre-Romanesque features include a polygonal dome structure forming a central core as well as decorations or spoils that were copied from Roman structures.

Like many orders, the Benedictine monks had strong hierarchies, and these were reinforced in the construction of the new monastery. The Benedictine abbey therefore incorporated Romanesque elements, such as multistory entrances to reflect the differing social status of the monks and pilgrims. The Romanesque elements of the Benedictine Abbey were also seen in the dome structure. Unlike the pre-Romanesque domes, the Romanesque vaults utilized masonry vaulting, to replace the flammable wooden structures of previous churches. Barrel…

Works Cited

Adams, Henry. Mont-Saint-Michel and Chartres. New York: Putnam, 1980.

Deceneux, Marc. The Mont-Saint-Michel Stone by Stone. Paris: Editions Ouest-France, 1999.

Samway, Patrick. "Mont Saint Michel in Danger." America. May 5, 1999: 445-449.

Whistle-lowers:Saints or Sinners

Whistle-lowers: Are They Saints or Sinners?

Whistle-blowing is the professional form of playground tattling, jail house snitching, breaking the code of Omerta by a mafia kingpin. It is a socially discouraged practice and carries heavy sanctions - "unemployment, and often-times ridicule from [the] company." (Weinberg, March 14, 2005) Weinberg quotes David Stetler, a defense attorney who was part of the defense team for TAP, a pharmaceutical company whose prosecution was initiated by a whistle-blower. Stetler makes the claim that whistle-blowing is bad for a company as "just another form of extortion." (Weinberg, March 14, 2005) One must consider the source when deconstructing such a claim. Of course an attorney who is taking part in the defense of such a lawsuit will make the charge that whistle-blowing is an iniquitous practice; in fact, if one did not hear such statements from such an attorney, his commitment to his…

Bibliography

Robbins, Stephen P. And Judge, Timothy A. Chapter Four: Personality and Values. Organizational Behavior. (2007) San Francisco: Prentice-Hall. Ed. 12. pp. 104-143.

Robbins, Stephen P. And Judge, Timothy A. Chapter Five: Perception and Individual Decision-Making. Organizational Behavior. (2007) San Francisco: Prentice-Hall. Ed. 12. pp. 144-183.

Weinberg, N. Whistle-Blowers: Saints or Sinners? The Dark Side of Whistle-Blowing. (March 14, 2005) Forbes. pp. 90-95.

Christian Louboutin vs. Yves Saint Laurent

Identify Yves Saint Laurent's defense to their use of red soles in their collections (in other words, what do they claim makes their look or placement of color different from Louboutin's signature look?).

A New York federal court of appeals granted Christian Louboutin "trademark protection over its signature red sole" when Yves Saint Laurent produced a fashion line with a similarly-colored red shoe ("Christian Louboutin vs. YSL 'Red Soles' Court Case Takes A New Twist," The Huffington Post, 2012). The decision was then appealed and the appellate judge ruled "that Louboutin is entitled to its trademark on red soles, except when the entire shoe is red. Except that the YSL shoes were entirely red," thus giving YSL the ability to make red-soled shoes under very specific conditions ("Christian Louboutin vs. YSL 'Red Soles' Court Case Takes A New Twist," The Huffington Post, 2012). YSL…

Works Cited

"Christian Louboutin vs. YSL 'Red Soles' Court Case Takes A New Twist." The Huffington

Post. 5 Sept 2012. [22 Mar 2013]

 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/09/05/christian-louboutin-ysl-red-soles_n_1857992.html 

Lapowsky, Issie. (2012). "Should an Eco Brand Put Money Before Mission." INC. 3 Apr 2012.

Saint Teresa of Avila - Eros, Agape en her poetry

The subject of love continues to raise heated debates when in discussion. Scholars and theologians differ on the process of expressing love. There are different forms of love as most writers and speakers in the literature indicate. Above all, there is the love that God shares with His people, and the love that people express towards each other. These two have a cordial difference as revealed in many expressions by exemplified literatures and persons studying human relations. It is common to find arguments on the way these different angles of love exist, and procedures to reveal they exist, and the process of projecting them to the recipients (ard 22). Love is a vast subject when discussed openly and draws many mixed attentions and opinions. It is also difficult to discuss as it has several different meanings in the English language.…

Works cited

Agape: What Is It?: Learning to Love. Tate Pub & Enterprises Llc, 2009. Print.

Ludy, Eric, and Leslie Ludy. When God Writes Your Love Story: The Ultimate Guide to Guy/girl

Relationships. Colorado Springs, Colo: Multnomah Books, 2009. Print.

Marion, Jean-Luc. The Erotic Phenomenon. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. Print.

Saints and Roughnecks was the title given to Chambliss' 197 study in which he found that class and not crime often determines a person's reputation in the society and his fate with the police. The author, William Chambliss' selected two different groups of teenagers for his study, one coming from affluent part of the metropolitan area and are labeled Saints for the study, while the other group came from lower-income section of the society and were thus termed 'Roughnecks'. The study sought to find out just why the lower-income group was more often clashing with the police and ending up in jail for petty crimes, while the other group usually escaped police even though they were just about as delinquent as roughnecks. "In terms of the sheer number of illegal acts, the high-SES [socioeconomic status] boys were more delinquent. However, they were perceived as "sowing their wild oats" and were…

3) Gareis, Karen C. The influence of status on decisions to help. The Journal of Social Psychology; 2/1/1993;

4) James F. Short: Poverty, Ethnicity and Violent Crime. Westview Press. Boulder, CO. 1997.

5) William J. Chambliss: Power, Politics and Crime. Westview Press. Boulder, CO. 1999

Saint Paul

The man we know as St. Paul was Paul of Tarsus. He is not a saint that everyone has felt comfortable. Many find him harsh, difficult and uncompromising. This is true not only, now but was so in the case of his early associates and later with the other saints of the Catholic Church including St. Peter, St. Mark, and St. Barnabas. The gentle St. James once even advised him to be more diplomatic and tactful. Still at the end of it all the other saints came to look upon him with reverence and affection and so is the case with anyone who gets to know him by the study of his epistles and the Acts of the Apostles. He is a person with an indomitable spirit, filled with so much of loyalty and affection for his friends that finally he removes all criticism and his tough exterior…

References

Holy Roman Catholic Church. Retrieved from http://www.geocities.com/newworldorder_themovie/catholicchurch.html

Accessed on 11/12/2004

Lindas, Barnabas. Apostle Paul, Saint. Retrieved from  http://www.kat.gr/kat/history/Rel/Chr/PaulApostle.htm 

Accessed on 11/12/2004

Saint Thomas Aquinas

Thomas Aquinas lived and died between 1225-74. He was an Italian philosopher and theologian. He was the Doctor of the Church, also acknowledged as the Angelic Doctor. He is the supreme stature of scholasticism, one of the most important saints of the Roman Catholic Church, as well as, originator of the system acknowledged by Pope Leo XIII to be the legitimate Catholic philosophy (1).

This article argues that Thomas Aquinas's political philosophy is un-egalitarian. Not only does Aquinas disappoints to give his support to an egalitarian outlook of political impartiality, but so as to explain his political philosophy properly one has got to ascribe to him an idea intensely undemocratic in its repercussions. This paper proposes, consequently, that by means of Aquinas's thought, as a rational foundation for democracy would need a considerable reconsideration of his own point-of-view.

The purpose of this paper is neither to call…

Bibliography

1). Allen Buchanan. Justice as Reciprocity vs. Subject-Centered Justice. Philosophy and Public Affairs 119 (1990) 227-52.

2). Aidan Nichols. Discovering Aquinas: An Introduction to His Life, Work, and Influence. (W.W. Norton & Company; 1987)

3). Brian Davies. The Thought of Thomas Aquinas. (Clarendon Press, 1993)

4). John Finnis. Natural Law and Natural Right. (New York: Oxford University, 1981)

Saints and the Roughnecks - William J. Chambliss

In his seminal essay "The Saints and the Roughnecks," William J. Chambliss studied how a community's differential perceptions led to preferential treatment of a group of juvenile delinquents from upper-middle class families over another gang of delinquents from lower-class families. The main determinant for a community's reaction to a juvenile's deviant behavior was socioeconomic class.

Since this essay's publication in 1973, the idea that people get treated differently according to their class has become widely accepted. Based on Chambliss's thesis, poor people who engage in deviant behavior - ranging from shoplifting to murder - are still more likely to be prosecuted and to receive harsher punishment. They are also more likely to be perceived as guilty by the public.

The more recent research on other determinants of social stratification allows us to expand on Chambliss's original thesis. Thus, in addition to class,…

Additional key architectural traits found in St. Patrick's include pointed-arch windows, the building's Gothic shape, the details of the clear vertical presence, and sharply pointed finials.

How does it differ from the Other Gothic-Style Buildings?

Though Saint Patrick's was built in Gothic style, its design is original and distinct. The cathedral is a mixture of the German, French, and English Gothic influences and the inside has more of a feel of English and French Gothic style.

Some Gothic buildings have rounded arches - which appears in their portals, windows, arcades, and the giant stone vaulting of their roofs. The massive downward and outward force of these heavy stone roofs required substantial pillars and broad supporting walls. St. Patrick's ceiling vaulting is not made of stone, but brick and plaster. This style of vaulting is lighter in weight and is predominantly English in design.

St. Patrick's Cathedral, due to its superior…

In his concluding questions, Chambliss notes these reactions, questioning how the meanings that were assigned to both groups by the townspeople, school officials, and police affected their futures. For this reason, Symbolic Interaction theory can be applied to the case of the Saints and the Roughnecks. In assigning values to both groups, members outside of these groups most likely impacted the groups' futures, according to Chambliss.

The decisions of the Saints and the Roughnecks to engage in delinquent behavior can also be explained in part by Symbolic Interaction Theory. In her book Violent Criminal Acts and Actors Revisited, author Lonnie Athens describes a situation in which a troubled, young man is riding in a taxi, listening to the taxi driver describe how much trouble has come his way. The young man begins to consider his own troubles, which he believes are worse than the driver's, and threatens the driver with…

Works Cited

Athens, Lonnie. Violent Criminal Acts and Actors Revisited. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1997.

Chambliss, William J. "The Roughnecks and the Saints." Society. (1973): 24-31.

Zafirovski, Milan. "Some Amendments to Social Exchange Theory: A Sociological

Perspective." Theory and Science, 4.2 (2003): (n.p.).

Saints and the oughnecks by William Chambliss is a masterpiece study in Seattle suburb in the 1970s and it demonstrates the significance of connecting the macro and micro factors together. (Conformity, deviance and Crime) The Saints and the oughnecks were two clusters of boys from the same Hanibal High School, who got involved in the same kinds of abnormal behaviors but were branded differently by the public. (Violence; Disease or Attitude) The Saints belonged to upper-middle-class families, while the oughnecks belonged to a lower socioeconomic setting. (Conformity, deviance and Crime) The saints were a cluster of eight young men of fine, steady, white upper-middle class families on the pre-college track in high school, who were vigorous in school affairs, who associate in unbelievably large amounts of absenteeism, much of drinking and driving, quite a bit of little stealing and vandalism, and loads of deceiving in school, but cope up to…

References

"Conformity, deviance and Crime" (2003) Retrieved from  http://www.wwnorton.com/giddens4/chapters/chapter7/welcome.htm  Accessed on 14 November, 2004

'Self-Fulfilling Prophecies" Retrieved from  http://www94.homepage.villanova.edu/peter.knapp/IthemeSFP.htm  Accessed on 14 November, 2004

'Theories of Deviance: Conflict Theory" Retrieved from  http://www.d.umn.edu/~bmork/2306/Theories/BAMconflict2.htm  Accessed on 14 November, 2004

'The Saints and the Roughnecks" Retrieved from http://chat.wcc.cc.il.us/~kwestman/Week_7_Chambliss01.htm Accessed on 14 November, 2004

Education is one of the most important tools one can use to change their lives. It is an efficient and fast way to initiate change since making progress often begins with one knowing more. As the population of the world increases, the demand for education is also increasing. The growing demand for education has led to several educational facilities being started all over the world. The level of access to education the world's population has right now is unparalleled in history. Save for financial constraints, there aren't many insurmountable barriers that people have to deal with to get access to an education. Nonetheless, some schools' curriculums do not meet the required standards set by educational authorities. Students graduating from such an institution may not be well equipped to deliver value in the market place. This is why it is very important to join a reputable institution with a solid track…

When speaking of visibility and demeanor, he refers to the fact that the Saints had access to vehicles to take them out of the eyes of their regular neighborhood, where as the boys did not have this privilege and therefore had to commit their delinquent acts directly under the eyes of the community. When discussing bias, he refers to the class structure and how the elite tend to view the poor as naturally more inclined to deviant and criminal behavior. Although he does not mention strain theory specifically, his suppositions are very much in alignment with Merton's.

Ultimately, the Saints and the oughnecks provide an intriguing scenario upon which to make numerous sociological speculations. Labeling theory, Social Control Theory and Strain theory are just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to applicable models which are fitting to this all too familiar societal vignette. While no single theory can…

References

Macionis, J.J. (2008) Society -- the basics" (10th ed.) Prentice Hall

Chambliss, W. (1973) the saints and the roughnecks. Prentice Hall.

Saint Paul's Epistle to the Galatians, Paul is continuing the overall castigation of the Galatian churches which is the overarching subject of the letter as a whole. Indeed, Paul's fierce tone in Galatians is the first thing that strikes the reader: Longenecker (2003) describes Galatians as "teem[ing] with impassioned fervor unequalled in any other Pauline letter" (p.64). The subject is the "backsliding" (so to speak) of the individual congregations in Galatia: Paul indicates at Galatians 4:8 that they had previously been Gentiles, and the third chapter will make repeated reference (as we shall see) to Paul's ministry among them, but it seems that more recently they were accepting missionaries from a Jewish sect that was not Christian in any sense that Paul is prepared to recognize: they have attempted to convert the Galatian congregations

begins with Paul's question (presumably rhetorical) of whether the churches have been subject to some kind…

Works Cited.

The Bible. (King James Version).

Longenecker, Bruce. (2003). "Galatians." In The Cambridge Companion to Saint Paul, edited by James D.G. Dunn. New York and London: Cambridge University Press. 64-73.

Women identified their hrist Jesus who was food during mass as the redemption of humanity. The women believed reaching spirituality was through food, since naturally they were food from their ability to breastfeed. The Medieval women associated the breast as seen in Holy mother, Mary's own breastfeeding as a Eucharistic feeding of the soul.

The painting also indicates that to the Female saints of the Middle Ages, prayer was an important element in their connection to God. In the "The life and Miracles of Saint Godelieve," Godelieve makes prayer requests and offerings of food to God, that are answered by angels who bring delicacies for the poor.

Annotated Bibliography

Amy Hollywood. "Sensible Ecstasy: Mysticism, Sexual Difference, and the Demands of History (Religion and Postmodernism)," University of hicago Press, (2002).

This article carries out an analysis of anthropological studies of the medieval times, and looks into the connection of the body,…

Counihan Carole, M. "The Anthropology of Food and Body: Gender, Meaning and Power," Routledge, (1999), p.98.

Metropolitan Museum of Art, Maryann Ainsworth A., & Keith, Christiansen. "From Van Eyck to Bruegel," (1998), p.127.

Counihan Carole, M. "The Anthropology of Food," Routledge, (1999), p.98.

Lives of the Saints: Vittorio's Grandfather's Self-Marginalization

Nino icci's novel, Lives of the Saints, centers on the scandal occurring in the small Italian village of Valle De Sole, an area which houses a society dominated by the notions of religion and superstition. Cristina Innocente, a local woman whose husband has left for the United States years before finds herself pregnant from an encounter with a mysterious blue-eyed stranger, and her seven-year-old son Vittorio is left to face the narrow-mindedness and judgment his family faces from both their own relatives and the inhabitants of the small town they live in.

One character who deals directly with the scandal within the Innocent family is Vittorio's grandfather. In living with the now societally-scorned Christina, Vittorio's grandfather, torn between his family duties and his position as the town's mayor, is forced into a powerless position despite his high political status. Christina's actions have not…

References

Ricci, Nino. Lives of the Saints. New York, NY: Knopf Publishing Group. 1990. Print.

Lives of the Saints

On one hand, Esperanza has just been badly wounded. Her beloved Angel, however, is an expert at healing, not because he is a holy angel, but because he is a wrestler who frequently gets injured himself and has blue ointment in his truck. He explains that red meat is better than white meat to treat a bruise, but chicken must suffice. His ointment, he says helpfully, is "the closest you can get this ointment is near a race track in Tijuana, just ask horse," and the ointment does heal Esperanza's wound, even though it is not offered to her in a romantic way -- just like the raw chicken (224).

Esperanza feels guilty for falling in love with Angel because she feels that she should only act like a mother, living only for her daughter, rather than thinking of herself. She does not think that she should take delight in…

38-71

Such a big funeral, so much crying, so much pain, and I buried nothing" (70). Esperanza is in a state of extreme grief, so she expresses her doubt at the ability of the rituals of the Catholic Church to heal her emotional wounds. She believes her daughter, against all physical odds and evidence is still alive, so the funeral seems futile -- hence the sense that she has buried nothing. There is a gentle humor in her frustration at the size of the funeral, as if the bigger the funeral and the more gaudy the accoutrements of mourning, the more effective it will be.

There is an evident sexual tension between Father Salvador and Esperanza, or at least, in Father Salvador's perception of the woman. Father Salvador is attempting to comfort the woman. His hand is "trembling" like "an adolescent boy "about to kiss a girl for the first…

Even another Free Person of Color, Richard is said to be repelled by Anna Bella's African appearance because it represents to him the degraded condition of slavery that, in Richard's mind, threatens all peoples with Black blood and especially a Black appearance. As Marcel's father expresses concern early on, those like Marcel who stand on the borders of Black and White most evidently in their appearance must spurn those who evidence Blackness, like Anna Bella and Marcel's later mistress, Cecile.

Marcel's spirit is immune to such racism, in contrast to Richard who "would never have considered for an instant infusing by marriage into his own line those strong indications of Negro blood which had proved so obvious and profound a disadvantage." (160) Society will never be equal, because the people still are not White, thus it seems foolish to Richard to lower himself. Richard is practical, but in contrast, Marcel…

Pages 159-160: "Things like this didn't happen to him. Not even in court" (Escandon 159). Scott's decision to bring Esperanza over the border with him is a big decision for him, and the author makes that clear by his reactions. Sweaty palms, memories, and unreality show he is uncertain and yet excited about this adventure, and that he has real feelings for Esperanza that he does not quite understand.

Then again, he had never helped a prostitute enter the United States illegally" (160). The author makes the situation funny so it does not seem so serious or important. Scott is in love, and that is all that matters. Escandon shows the impossibility and improbability of the situation with Scott's nervous reaction. He is wary, because getting caught could mean the end of his career, but it is like he is addicted, and he cannot turn back. The situations and descriptions…

References

Escandon, Maria Amparo. Esperanza's Box of Saints. New York: Scribner Paperback Fiction, 1999.

Esperanza's Box of Saints pp. 106-129

By the way Esperanza, you are only allowed to be in your room and the common areas of the house" (128). As she speaks to Esperanza, issuing this brusque command, Dona Trini's face is like "an old male" mackerel and Dona Trini seems like a tough emotional nut to crack. But Esperanza, just as she took Father Salvador off guard, makes people like her character and quest (128). She wins affection, even of a tough, masculine woman like Dona Trini: "I like her," Dona Trini later confesses to another person (128). Dona Trini is initially mistrustful of Esperanza, because of the glow of goodness Esperanza gives off. Esperanza is initially mistrustful of Dona Trini, because of Dona Trini's harshness, and because of the woman's strange appearance. But Esperanza, over the course of her quest to find her daughter Blanca, has learned not to trust…

Origin of Evil

The origin of evil has been a controversial issue not only in the contemporary Christian circles but also among the ancient Greek Christians. The point of contention in the discussion about the origin of evil is why a good God would have created evil. The Judeo-Christians struggled to understand how a good, powerful, and all-knowing God could allow evil to exist. The logical conclusions were that either God did not exist or God was not good[footnoteRef:1]. However, Augustine sought to clarify this erroneous notion about the existence of God. Saint Augustine believed that the discussion on the origin of evil and whether a good God has a role in its creation and existence must first begin with the understanding of evil and God. He explained that if evil was not necessarily a thing, then it may not have been created although it negates the notion that God…

Brown’s Cult of Saints
The Author’s Argument
The argument that Peter Brown makes in The Cult of the Saints: Its Rise and Function in Latin Christianity is that the “cult of saints” was essentially promoted by the cultural leaders of the time—the bishops and elites of society who had a hand in shaping the perceptions of others. Through them, the Church expressed the idea that Heaven and Earth could be joined through the intercession of the saints,[footnoteRef:2] whose bodies were vestiges of grace and holiness, conduits through which Heaven could bridge the fault above the earth and reach out for Christians interested in making it to the other side, in holiness. As Brown notes, “the joining of Heaven and Earth was made plain even by the manner in which contemporaries designed and described the shrines of the saints.”[footnoteRef:3] The saints and their resting places represented the jointure—the point where the…

Lives of Saints

In Nino Ricci's novel The Lives of Saints, one of the most important themes is that of innocence and naivete. The last name of the family, Innocente, proves that the author wants to emphasize this theme in the series. There are many ways that innocence and naivete play themselves out in the lives and identities of the main characters. For one, being naive means being unaware of the social conventions and social norms that one is expected to conform to in order to be an accepted member of the community. Second, naivete and innocence are qualities of saints, the primary motif and reason for the title of Nino Ricci's novel. Finally, innocence is depicted as something that one possesses in childhood but which can be "lost" upon learning about issues like temptation, sexuality, and greed. Vittorio's naivete about his mother and her role in the community is…

Works Cited

Ricci, Nino. The Lives of Saints. Cormorant, 2003.

Ricci, Nino. Website retrieved:  http://ninoricci.com/

Fortunately for me, these things do not occur regularly enough for me to consider them a habit.

A do, however, habitually pray when I am confronted with difficulties in my life. These prayers differ from the ones for trivial problems like the ones listed above; those prayers are more recriminations about my own bad-behavior. The prayers when I face real difficulties in my life are real prayers. I do have a deep and abiding faith in God, and I believe that He desires to help people with their problems. When confronted with something that I cannot resolve on my own, such as a family member's illness, I call upon Him for assistance. I also have enough faith to believe that God does answer prayers, even if those answers are not always favorable. I do not believe that God is like a friend to whom I should stop speaking, when He…

Religion

Saint Anselm, the Duke of Canturbury, was "one of the most important Christian thinkers of the eleventh century," (Sadler). This is because Anselm used a reasoned philosophical argument to address theological questions. In Cur Deus Homo, or hy God Became Man, the author addresses the Incarnation of Christ and the theme of Atonement for sin from this philosophical perspective. Anselm distinguishes between "different ways in which an action or state can be just or unjust, specifically just and unjust at the same time," (Sadler).

hy God Became Man is divided into two sections. The first part addresses sin and redemption in a general fashion. Anselm outlines the concept of sin as fulfilling the satisfaction of God, which is related the concept of being indebted to God. This is outlined best in Chapter 11 of Book 1. The author states, "To sin is nothing else than not to render to…

Works Cited

Anselm. Cur Deus Homo (Why God Became Man). Retrieved online:  http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/anselm-curdeus.asp 

The Holy Bible, NIV.

Sadler, Greg. " St. Anselm of Canturbury." Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Oct 2006. Retrieved online:  http://www.iep.utm.edu/anselm/

In conclusion, Saint Leo the Great has been called the first true oman Catholic Pope. His reign lasted twenty-one years, and they were some of the most influential years in Church history. Leo earned the title "Saint," and was named a Doctor of the Church as well. Saint Leo was one of the greatest Pope's to lead the Catholic Church, and he created doctrine and ideas that are still used today. He was a great theologian and writer, and had far-reaching ideas that helped define doctrine and unify the Catholic Church. He helped save ome from invaders and literally acted as the leader of ome when the Church split into an eastern and western movement. Saint Leo's feast day was celebrated on November 10, and is now celebrated on April 11 of the oman calendar.

eferences

Daniel-ops, H. (1959). The Church in the Dark Ages (Butler, a., Trans.). London J.M.…

References

Daniel-Rops, H. (1959). The Church in the Dark Ages (Butler, a., Trans.). London J.M. Dent & Sons.

Dunn, G.D. (2001). Divine impassibility and Christology in the Christmas homilies of Leo the Great. Theological Studies, 62(1), 71.

Jalland, T. (1941). The life and times of St. Leo the Great. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge.

McGinn, B., Meyendorff, J., & Ledercq, J. (Eds.). (1985). Christian spirituality: Origins to the Twelfth Century. New York: Crossroad.

Chaucer and Dryden dedicated odes to Saint Cecilia, who was revered as the patron saint of music. As a poetic muse, Cecilia is credited with inventing the organ and using that instrument to praise God. Legend has it that through a devotional song Cecilia played on the organ, God spared Cecilia her virginity after she was married. A feast-day of Saint Cecilia was held on November 22 and John Dryden's "Ode to St. Cecilia's Day" celebrates that day and the majesty of music. Music is a heavenly treat that leads to celestial harmony; the mystery of music is clarified through Dryden's use of metaphor and personification. In different stanzas, Dryden lends various instruments individual qualities according to their particular sounds. These instruments become metaphors for human passions and for the wonders of nature. The trumpet, a common military instrument, "excites us to arms," (line 26). A morose-sounding flute Dryden describes…

One may consider the experience of reading a book the same way, as many adults likely have been trained to read quickly, searching for the relevant plot points without considering the merits of a book's particular language or illustrations. In the same way that adult's preoccupations with standards of appearance cause them to ignore an exciting discovery, so too does a learned preoccupation with the elements of a story deemed "important" cause one to miss the depth and humor in an ostensibly "silly" little story about a Prince who lives on an asteroid.

The novella seems to suggest that the adult reading The Little Prince will ultimately fail to recognize the beauty of the story by focusing only on the ending, which is admittedly somewhat melancholic. A child, on the other hand, will be able to enjoy and celebrate the Prince's adventure of discovery in spite of the fact that…

Work Cited

de Saint-Exupery, Antoine. The Little Prince. New York: Harcourt, 1943.

, 2003).

Eggleston, W. (1961). The Queen's Choice. Ottawa, Ontario: The National Capital Commission.

The city of St. John's can also borrow a leaf from the City of Ottawa's Greenbelt that was put in place to avoid urban sprawl and provide open space for future development of natural areas. According to Eggleston (1961), the Greenbelt currently covers forests, wetland, and fields used for recreation conservation, farming, research, and forestry. The greenbelt has a variety of wildlife that fall under the category of mammals, birds, insects, reptiles and amphibians. Wildlife is a source of revenue especially when tourists come to watch them. The revenue earned from such activities can be used in bettering service delivery to the city residents. This is an economic benefit that the authorities of the City of St. John's stand to benefit from if they put in place nature and wildlife reserves within the city's vicinity. The…

References List

Bolduc, M., Guha, M., Laurendeau, E., & Satienpoch, M. (2003). WPI -- London Borough of Merton Local Nature Reserves: An Interactive Qualifying Project Report. Worcester Polytechnic Institute.

Collier, a., & Brocx, B. (2004). Tourism Industry Management. Auckland: Pearson Educational,

Eggleston, W., (1961). The Queen's Choice. Ottawa, Ontario: The National Capital Commission

Gubbay, S. (1995). Marine Protected Areas-past, present and future. Conservation Biology

The first ten books are mostly autobiographical, as Augustine describes in them episodes from his earlier life, and how his position concerning religion and philosophy had changed throughout his existence.

All across the book, Augustine refrains from portraying himself in a way that would glorify him. Instead, he chooses to present himself as the worst individual possible, emphasizing the sins he committed until eventually being saved by Christianity and Neoplatonistic philosophy.

The fact that Augustine insists on how his entourage was mostly responsible for his immoral behavior strengthens the theory that he tended to overestimate himself through considering that he was much better than anyone he came in contact with. Nonetheless, he admits his faults and does not attempt to claim that he is innocent. One can be inclined to believe that the author was actually determined to highlight his character as a Christian and as an intellectual.

While it…

Bibliography:

Saint Augustine of Hippo. (2008). "Confessions." Filiquarian Publishing, LLC.

St. Patrick of Ireland: A Biography. Philip Freeman. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2005.

The book by Philip Freeman takes the reader deeper into the life and times of St. Patrick of Ireland than any previous publication has been able to do. Freeman's thesis is that there have previously been many unknowns about St. Patrick and the author was determined to solve those mysteries as thoroughly as he could. The work was written based on Freeman's passion to truly understand and share his knowledge of St. Patrick to readers around the world. Bringing St. Patrick's fascinating life into a well-thought-out narrative was a valuable historical service for Freeman. The purpose of this book review is to present a realistic portrait of St. Patrick, the saint after whom a special day is designated -- and while millions of people celebrate St. Patrick's Day, very few are likely to know anything at…

St. Augustine's autobiography Confessions is an honest, if not severe, work of introspection. Although many of its themes and motifs are outmoded, there are core elements that remain relevant to modern readers, which is why Confessions remains critical reading as literature and religious studies. The primary focus of Confessions is on the transformation of a sinful boy into a devout Christian man. Because St. Augustine's Confessions is so compelling, the themes in the autobiography have inextricably woven themselves into the life and evolution of the Catholic Church. In particular, the theme of guilt is one that the Catholic Church may have derived from its internalization of St. Augustine's Confessions. However, there is more to Confessions than the self-lamentations of a guilt-ridden man and there is much in the autobiography that I can relate to. St. Augustine discusses morality at great length, for instance. He talks about the fact that he…

Augustine's main problem when it came to conceiving of the spiritual nature of God? What solution did he find?

Before answering this question, it is important to clarify what exactly is meant by "spiritual nature of God." Many things could be meant by this phrase, but for the purposes of this essay, I stipulate that it refers to "any substance... other than that which the eyes normally perceive" (Conf., VII.i.1). In many senses, Augustine was rather positivistic in his inability to imagine that things existed beyond what his physical eyes could see. He relied completely on his physical senses for information concerning the nature of reality, and was intent on describing the world around him strictly in human terms. Thus his difficulties with understanding what people meant when they portrayed God in ways that were not readily evident to his five senses:

was becoming a grown man. But the older…