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Myra Levine
Nurses and patients are engaged in a "partnership of human experience," (Levine, 1977, p. 845). The ethical obligations and core values of nursing are rooted in this fundamental assumption about the relationship between nurse and patient. Nursing entails ethical obligations. "To be a nurse requires the willing assumption of ethical responsibility in every dimension of practice," (Levine, 1977, p. 845). The ethical obligations of a nurse are best explained by the belief that patients are holistic beings who constantly "thrive to preserve wholeness and integrity," ("Levine's Four Conservation Principles," 2012). Each patient is unique, too, and each seeks wholeness in a unique way. Nursing is defined as "a human interaction designed to promote 'wholeness' through adaptation." Myra Levine's theory is patient-centered, rather than disease-centered; the patient is treated and not just the disease. Because it offers specific guidelines within a rubric of ethical and philosophical tenets, Levine's conceptual framework is a middle range theory. The theory was developed...
Adaptation requires conservation of resources. There are four conservation principles that apply to the profession of nursing. Those four conservation principles include the conservation of energy, the conservation of structural integrity, the conservation of personal integrity; and the conservation of social integrity. Energy conservation is generally accomplished with rest, and the nurse can aid patient rest by ensuring the external environment is comfortable. The external environment is itself comprised of three main elements: the preconceptual, the conceptual, and the operational. Social and cultural variables are taken into account as part of the patient's external environment. Internal factors that inhibit rest, such as pain and anxiety, also need to be attended to by the nurse.
Structural…
References
Levine, M. (1966). Adaptation and assessment: A rationale for nursing intervention. The American Journal of Nursing 66(11): 2450-2453.
Levine, M. (1977). Nursing ethics and the ethical nurse. American Journal of Nursing 77(5): 845-849.
Levine, M. (2007). The rhetoric of nursing theory. Journal of Nursing Scholarship 27(1): 11-14.
"Levine's Four Conservation Principles," (2012). Nursing Theories. Retrieved online: http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/Levin_four_conservation_principles.html
"Myra Levine's Conservation Theory," (2009). Nursing Theories. Retrieved online: http://nursingtheories.blogspot.com/2009/07/myra-levines-conservation-theory.html
nurses: how to use the technical attributes of nursing while still conveying compassionate care. Even though nursing is an empirical, scientific discipline, knowledge derived from the humanities and behavioral sciences should also form the foundation of client-centered nursing practice. A nurse must deal with the patient's subjective, psychological perceptions of what 'good health' means when setting health-related goals. The nurse must also understand the patient's particular cultural context. However, given
Dorothea Orem Hildegard Peplau Myra Levine Jean Watson Educational Background Nursing diploma, Providence Hospital School of Nursing. Bachelor of Science- Catholic University of America-1939, Master of Science in Nursing Education-1945. Graduated Pottstown, Pennsylvania Hospital School of Nursing-1931. B.A. in interpersonal psychology- Bennington College, Vermont-1943, M.A. in psychiatric nursing- Teachers College, Columbia-1947, Ed.D in curriculum development-Columbia University-1953. Diploma in Nursing, Cook County School of Nursing- 1944. Bachelor of Science in Nursing -University of Chicago-1949, Master of Science in
Nursing The greatest challenges facing nursing leadership and the profession as a whole include, but are not limited to, "highly political environments, budget reductions, changing reimbursement patterns, staffing shortages, and rapidly evolving technological advances," (Schmidt, 2006, p. 34). In addition to these environmental and organizational challenges, nurses and nurse leaders contend with issues related to communications, public relations, and personal psychological barriers to greatness. Nurses are endowed with more formal and
Nursing/Framework The conceptual framework is a very serious document about the philosophy of nursing espoused at this particular University and the Helene Fuld School of Nursing in particular. It incorporates HFSON's mission statement and core values, and provides the philosophy for this learning institution. That philosophy is greatly influenced by the crux of the conceptual framework, which itself is influenced by the model provided by Myra Levine (HFSON, p. 3).