Each has its own skills associated with that specific areas (e.g. thinking is generally associated with the frontal cortex whilst vision with the occipital lobe; the frontal lobes are associated with motor control, speech, abstract thought, and sense of self, whilst the parietal lobes contain bodily sensations and the temporal lobes record hearing). Likewise each hemisphere has its specific expertise too with the analytical left containing speech, mathematical skills, or language and the right being largely nonverbal and holistic. None of these are exclusive to one side; rather they seem to prefer one side to the other. Observation of association of capabilities to specific neural region has partially been discovered by cutting the corpus colloseum that connects the brain thus 'splitting' the two hemispheres.
The brain can be further divided into the three regions of the forebrain (the most recent part), midbrain, and hind brain (the most primitive and oldest region). The cortex (i.e. forebrain) contains our thinking apparatus, whilst the midbrain and hindbrain (otherwise known...
These include:
The medulla that contains centers essential for reflex control of breathing, heart rate, and other vegetative functions; the cerebellum that maintains posture and muscle control; and the reticular formation that directs motor and sensory messages. Other parts include the thalamus that carried sensory information to the cortex; the hypothalamus that controls eating, sleep, body temperature and other basic motives and behavior; and the limbic system, which is the seat of emotion. Here we have that famed organ called the amygdala that drives happiness, sadness, fear and so forth, as well as the hippocampus that is responsible for memory.
Finally, we have the endocrine glands - a chemical communication system within the body -- that regulate and transmit hormones through the body, the hormones, in turn, effecting moods, behavior, and personality. Most of the endocrine glands are influenced by the pituitary, which is, in turn, controlled by the hypothalamus (both located in the brain).
