Sign Up Now
Get instant access to over 1 million+ study documents
OR
Already registered? click here to login
By creating your account, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and student honor code.
The UR would be a general feeling of sexual excitement targeted toward men but could be experienced by either gender. The brand of vodka is the CS while the intended CR is a feeling of sexual excitement when viewing the brand.
Figure 1 - Smirnoff Ad (Crooked Brains, 2012)
3.How could stimulus control be used in the following behavior-modification programs? Be sure to describe the specific procedures that must be implemented in order for the treatment to work.
1. To treat drug abuse
This one is difficult because drug abuse has intrinsic conditioning already associated with it. After a drug user takes a drug, the sense of euphoria often becomes associated with the drug itself. Therefore, when a user simply sees the drug they could experience some euphoria. However, if a the CS could somehow be associated with the ill effects of drug use, such as vomiting, then maybe the CR could change.
2. To reduce arguing with a significant other
A spouse could possibly use a rubber band and snap their wrists while arguing. This could act to limit arguing for the avoidance of the negative CS.
3. To treat bulimia
This one is also difficult because vomiting is a rather negative response to eating (one would think). Therefore something that was perceived even more negative than vomiting itself would have to be used as a CS.
4. To reduce time spent watching TV
The tv viewer could put their feet in ice cold water until it was painful. Eventually the U.S. (ice cold water) would equate...
To reduce stress
An individual could associate an object, such as a stress ball for example, with happy experiences. Then in times of stress the object could be used to generate the learned response of pleasure and act to reduce the effects of stress.
Regarding the five scenarios listed above, determining which one would be the most successful is fairly straightforward. You can easily eliminate drug use first; followed by bulimia. These two conditions represent severe forms of psychological conditions not easily treated by behavioral remedies. The next two eliminations would probably be arguing and watching TV. Although these two issues might potentially be suitable for behavioral therapy, reducing stress is more of a vague emotion that could be relatively easily treated with behavioral methods. If you were feeling stressed, for example, a conditioned response of imagine a more serene environment could quickly reduce the stress levels that an individual was feeling.
Works Cited
Crooked Brains. (2012, December 29). 20 Creative Smirnoff Advertisments. Retrieved from Crooked Brains: http://www.crookedbrains.net/2007/12/creative-ads-by-smirnoff.html
Experiment Resouirces. (N.d.). Classical Conditioning. Retrieved from Experiment Resources: http://www.experiment-resources.com/classical-conditioning.html
Prize, N. (2001, May 15). Pavlov's Dog. Retrieved from Nobel Prize: http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/pavlov/readmore.html
Works Cited
Crooked Brains. (2012, December 29). 20 Creative Smirnoff Advertisments. Retrieved from Crooked Brains: http://www.crookedbrains.net/2007/12/creative-ads-by-smirnoff.html
Experiment Resouirces. (N.d.). Classical Conditioning. Retrieved from Experiment Resources: http://www.experiment-resources.com/classical-conditioning.html
Prize, N. (2001, May 15). Pavlov's Dog. Retrieved from Nobel Prize: http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/pavlov/readmore.html
These sequences included: progressive, random, anti-progressive. Results The results of this study showed that the extent of sequencing in learning and progressive training advantages cannot be completely explained by direct associations between stimulus features and the equivalent responses. These findings were shown to be consistent with the idea of perceptual learning but not with a focus on stimulus variability. Discussion The results of this study support the idea that easy-to-hard sequencing presents an
Psychology is an important field of study mainly because it can be used to enhance the lives of people as it increases an individual's level of self-understanding, well-being, and quality of relationships. The main reason for the impact of psychology on people's lives is because this field focuses on describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling the mental and behavioral processes of an individual. As a broad field of study, the field
I never found out what became of him afterwards. Uniting psychology with spiritual guidance would be the ideal way, I believe, that Eric could have been reached. Eric had clear psychological problems that related to his difficult family situation. But there was also a clear, deep spiritual craving to relate his longings to a cause larger than himself, and to engage in some form of self-improvement. Eric had a good
In this, the individual does soak up the behaviors of those he or she is associated with. Yet, this is out of mimicking others behavior, with no regard for self gain. On the other hand, Bandura placed more emphasis as development being based on a balance between the environment and one's internally set goals. From this perspective, the individual mimics behaviors that lead to the achievement of certain goals,
" Hence, Ayan adds, with laughter, the lives of people with elevated levels of cortisol might be saved. Arguably that's a bit of a stretch, but for the purposes of his article Ayan is justified in using it. Keeping anxiety "at bay" through humor is the sum and substance of a 1990 study conducted by psychologists; 53 college students were told they were going to get an electric shock in 12
Psychology Imagery Mental Imagery is a cognitive process that very much resembles the human experience of perceiving an object, scene, or event when that object, scene or event is not present. Some educators think that the use of mental imagery can both enhance memorization and learning. If the learning process can emphasize visual, auditory and kinesthetic experiences, then teaching in multiple sensory processes benefits the potential for memory. Being able to mentally