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¶ … infancy early childhood. Include: Explain families affect
Early Childhood and Adulthood
There are a number of key facets and processes that occur during infancy and early childhood that profoundly affect an individual's growth and development. Some of these factors include early childhood education, a variety of parenting styles, as well as familial involvement in cognitive and physical development. All of these factors indicate that parents and surrounding family members play a highly important role in the development of infants and young children.
One of the most eminent ways in which families produce a direct influence on their children is through the establishment and implementation of rituals or routines. The repetitive nature of these daily constructs provides a valuable structuring for activities that has been linked to cognitive and emotional processes in children and infants -- most discernibly when there is a break or a shifting in a particular ritual that a young person has become accustomed to (Spagnola & Fiese, 2007, p. 284). The establishment of routines helps to provide a firm foundation which supports a child's emotional and cognitive development. By being able to rely on a sense of the familiar via routine, children are better prepared to take on and understand new things due to the degree of stability that family habits (such as eating dinner at a certain time in the evening, or at a certain location and in...
The chief boon of the establishment of routines is the degree of organization such regular processes give to children, and which are advantageous when they go through or learn new ones. Family routines are defined as anything in which there is "communication that is instrumental, involve a momentary time commitment, and are repeated regularly, holding no special meaning," (Spagnola & Fiese, 2007, p. 285).
A highly influential factor that has a considerable amount of sway in the way that families directly affect the development of children and infants is parenting style. Parenting style is intrinsically related to the expectations that parents have for their children, and involves various measures of discipline or the lack thereof. There are three principle styles of parenting, authoritarian, authoritative, as well as permissive parenting. A dearth of parenting style, expectations, and discipline directed towards one's children is referred to as uninvolved parenting. An authoritarian parenting style is highly rigid and allows little room for interpretation -- or even understanding -- on the part of a child. Parents who utilize this type of style expect children to do as their told, when they are told, for…
References
Spagnola, M., Fiese, B.H. (2007). "Family routines and rituals: a context for development in the lives of young children." Infants and Young Children. 20 (4): 284-299.
Childhood Development Factors Influencing Early Childhood Development Darling and Steinberg (1993) proposed a model of parenting that integrated several prior models. They discriminated between parenting practice and parenting style, with the former representing domain-specific parenting habits and the latter domain-independent social interactions between parent and child. A critical distinction between parenting practice and style, based on their model, is that style communicates to the child how the parent feels about the child
Early Childhood Development Research on the brain and early childhood development indicates that the first four years of life are a period of particularly rapid development of brain structures and function. According to Larissa Scott (2004) the potential of the brain can be enhanced by presenting the right experiences at the right times, in the right amounts. In the initial stages of life, children's brains can be compared to a sponge
Abstract This paper explores two fundamental theories that are considered to be worthy guides and reference points in different discourses of early childhood cognitive development and education. Scientists and scholars world over hold the principles established in the two theories in high esteem. However, the theories, though explicably analyzed the behaviors and learning abilities at each developmental stage of early childhood, but have divergent opinions on how those behaviors early are
2007). Further, if child care hours increased between three and 54 months (4 1/2) years, their vocabulary scores are lowered by the time they reach 5th grade (Belsky et al., 2007). This suggests that long-term child care use has important implications not only on children's socio-emotional functioning but on academic achievement as well. Knowing this, it becomes more evident that parents cannot overlook the importance of choosing high quality child
" (p. 420). A study conducted by Rekert et al. (2007) examined the following variables for 234 college students: both mother and father care and overprotection, participant gender, family environment variables including conflict and control, adult attachment variables, attributional style and control-related cognitive variables, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. The results of the study confirmed other studies' results regarding the impact of overprotection. As was found with the other studies, overprotection resulted
" (Dietz, 1998). Obese children are often taller than their non-overweight peers, and are apt to be viewed as more mature. This is an inappropriate expectation that may result in adverse effects on their socialization. (Dietz, 1998). Overweight children and adolescents report negative assumptions made about them by others, including being inactive or lazy, being strong or tougher than others, not having feelings and being unclean. (American Obesity Association, 2000). This