Public Sector Unions Public-Sector Unions in United States HISTORY OF PUBLIC SECTOR UNIONS COSTS OF PUBLIC SECTOR UNIONS OVER THEIR BENEFITS DEMOGRAPHICS OF LABOR IN AMERICA EDGE OF PUBLIC-SECTOR UNIONS OVER PRIVATE ONES THE HIDDEN COSTS OF PUBLIC UNIONS THE DISTORTION OF DEMOCRATIC POLITICS STATE UNIONS VS. FEDERAL UNIONS THE FUTURE OF PUBLIC SECTOR UNIONIZATION HISTORY OF PUBLIC SECTOR UNIONS Labor unions are seen as the representatives of the labor employed in our industries and are known as the advocates of

It relies on the vision of the state you choose to subscribe and it depends upon the costs and benefits of a few highly imperfect social institutions: market trends and the public sector. (Bovaird, Loffler, 2003, p. 25) The public sector is a ubiquitous social institution having grown in size and complexity within the last fifty years. Nevertheless, this is a linear development. Whereas the development belonging to the

Public Private Comparator Public Sector Comparator (PSC) in the Public-private partnership (PPP) Process Increased global financial pressures have caused many government entities to cut costs in any way possible. One way is to outsource services or projects to private companies. However, when comparing costs, the public sector frequently bases its cost calculations for a project by omitting certain types of factors. These can include employee benefits, utilities, or total administrative costs. As

, although more governments are including citizen satisfaction survey results to address the lack-of-quality-indicators criticism. Ultimately, the article's key findings can be summarized in the four lessons learned from the states that the authors provide: (1) the importance of working proactively to identify roles and responsibilities; (2) the importance of committed leadership; (3) the importance of balancing political, managerial and performance measurement accountability; and (4) The importance of clarity and

For the public sector, performance management is a valuable process. Organizations increasingly rely on performance data to make decisions relating to various organizational processes, including strategic planning, internal management, resource allocation, reporting, as well as monitoring and evaluation. This is what performance management is all about -- continuous measurement of performance, definition of performance objectives and outcomes, communication of the outcomes, and taking action based on those outcomes. As demonstrated

Notes On Public Sector Reform and Performance Managementa Australia 1997. Sector Management Act Review Report, viewed 2 October 2005. http://www.dpc.wa.gov.au/psmd/pubs/exec/machgovt/kelly/summary.pdf] Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 2001, Publlic sector leadership for the 21st Century, OECD, Paris. Pollitt, C 2003, The essential public manager, Open University Press, Maidenhead. Shergold, Peter 2004, Australian Public Sector Governance: Speech at CCH Manual Launch. Viewed 2 October 2005. http://www.pmc.gov.au/speeches/shergold/public_sector_governance_2004-08-05.cfm Sethi, D 1999, 'leading from the middle', Human Resource